• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.941-957
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to use meta-analysis to analyze result of 17 studies which investigated the effects of integrated programs, and 11 studies which examined the effects of exercise programs on pain, depression, and disability. The 28 studies analyzed in this work were selected from the following sources. MEDLINE Search, bibliographies of related studies, main academic journals of nursing in Korea, and journals on arthritis issues. For the analysis of the data, homogeniety of effect sizes which were calculated based on data in the 28 studies was tested and its average effect size was computed by using meta analysis software package which was developed by Song(1992, 1998). The results can be summarized as follows : 1) Homogeneity tests were conducted on integrated programs on pain. In the prelimiary homogeneity tests on effect size of all 17 studies, no homogeneity was found. When homogeneity tests on the effect size of the remaining 15 studies were performed, excluding two studies which had extremely larger effect size compared to other studies, the 15 studies were found to be homogeneous(Q=16.38, p=.23). The obtained average effect size, D(Mean Standardized Difference Between Means), was .25. When homogeneity tests on effect size on pain was conducted for the excercise programs, effect size for all nine studies were found to be homogeneous (Q=7.42, p=.49) and the average effect size D=.30. Therefore, Hypothesis 1 was rejected from the results, that an average effect size of the integrated programs on pain was not significantely different from that of the exercise programs on pain. 2) Since only two studies investigated the effect of exercise programs on depression, comparison between the average effect size of integrated programs and that of exercise programs on depression could not be conducted, and hypothesis 2 could not be tested. Thereby, only the average effect size of integrated programs on depression was obtained. Eight studies were tested to be positive on the homogeneity of effect sizes(Q=18.31, p=.02) at $\alpha$<.01 and its average effect size was D=.11. 3) For the analysis of integrated program on disability, 13 studies, except for four which had an extremely large effect size compared to the others were found to be homogeneous at $\alpha$<.01 (Q=22.30, p=.04) and the average effect size on disability was D=.16. For analysis of the exercize programs on disability, eight studies, except for one which had an extremely large effect size compared to others, were found to be homo geneous(Q=7.87, p=.34) and the average effect size on disability was D=.60. Therefore, Hypothesis 3 was accepted from the results that an average effect size of exercise programs on disability was significantly larger than that of integrated programs on disability.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.289-301
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• 2017

This study was to analyze the effects of the career education program for students with disabilities. The analysis was performed based on two research questions. First, the total effect size on the career program for students with disabilities was considered. Second, the difference of the effect size between the sub-groups regarding dependency variables, types of disabilities, types of schools, number of people, and number of sessions was also included for analysis. For this, the author reviewed a database and analyzed 12 previous studies, presented in five master thesis and seven Korean journals from 2005 to 2015 based on the author's selection criteria. Subsequently, 27 effect size was found. The publication bias was analyzed by Rosenthal's fail-safe N. The overall effect size for all studies on the random effect model was 1.717, which was positive and high in value. Given the heterogeneity among the effect size, the subgroup analysis was conducted, and indicated that the effect size was significantly high when the purpose of the program was related to the student's self-decision ability. The results demonstrated that the programs were specified for students with intellectual disabilities, when the schools were elementary, when the number of students in a group was 1-10, and when program sessions lasted more than 21 times, the effect size was high. Implication for the future research and program implication were discussed on these findings.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_1호
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• pp.409-418
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• 1998

A molel study was conducted to determine the optimal sample size for the analysis of the aquatic insect community in a stream reach of the Pangtae Creek, Kangwon-do in October 1995 and may 1996. The results showed that the required minimum sample size varied and depended on the purposes of the community analysis. Acoording to the Species: Area Curve method, at least 16 Surber samplings ($30{\times}30cm$) were required in a stream reach in each spring and fall survey. The species diversity index did not vary significantly as the sample size increased. Based on the coefficient of variation analysis, the minimum sample sizes of 10 were required in order to compare seasonal differences of the community in the study area. Considering the static community structure of aquatic insects, including both species numbers and individual numbers of aquatic insects, 11 and 7 samplings were optimal sizes for the fall and spring survey, respectively. We concluded that 12 Surber samplings from 3 riffle-pool sequences (4 samplings at each riffle-pool sequence) would be required in a stream reach (length 1 km) to obtain reliable as well as cost efficient data. Our model showed that the optimal sample size should be determined by interactions between minimum sample size, the degree of data reliability, and cost efficiency.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2006

This study is done to classify the upper body shapes for late elementary schoolgirls. The sampling was done for 11~12 years-old-girls resident in Busan and Kyungnam. Based on the somatometric charateristics of them, 33 anthropometic and 7 photogrphic measurment data were acquired from every girl. These data are statistically analyzed with the following methods; Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Discriminant Analysis. Resulting from the factor analysis, it is shown that 79.95% of the whole variances can be explained with 8 factors. Through the cluster analysis, 3 types of upper body shapes can be categorized as follows: Type I has average horizontal size, big vertical size and lots of protruded chest ; Type III has big horizontal size, the mean vertical size, and big upper angle of the back ; Type II has small horizontal and vertical size and long surface length of the upper body. Through the discriminant analysis, the high discriminative items in discriminant function are follows: Upper chest circumference, arm length and waist front length of discriminant function I and waist depth, front length, back breadth, nipple to nipple breadth and upper chest circumference of discriminant function II have large coefficient values.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2023

백사장 모래의 입도분포는 해빈의 침식과 퇴적을 파악하는 데 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 모래의 입도분포 분석에 보편적으로 사용되는 체가름시험은 분석 시간이 길고 개별 입자의 형상과 색에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 없다는 한계점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 체가름시험법 보다 측정 과정이 간편하고 효율적인 스마트폰 디지털 이미지를 이용한 입도분포 분석 방법을 제안하였다. 이미지 분석 과정 중 이미지 기울기(Image Gradient) 계산을 통한 입자 경계 추출로 해상도가 상대적으로 낮은 스마트폰 디지털 이미지의 배경으로부터 입자를 효과적으로 검출하였다. 경상북도 4곳의 해수욕장에서 채취한 시료를 이용해 본 연구에서 제안한 경계 추출 이미지 분석법과 경계를 추출하지 않는 분석법을 각각 체가름시험 결과와 비교 검증하였을 때, 본 연구에서 제안한 방식은 D₅₀에서 평균 8.21%의 평균 오차율을 보여 경계를 추출하지 않는 분석법 보다 65% 낮은 오차를 보였다. 따라서 스마트폰 디지털 이미지를 이용한 입도분포 분석은 간편하고 효율적이며 체가름시험에 준하는 정확성을 가짐을 확인하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2019

The growth and employment effects of R&D investment were analyzed according to business size, export value and manufacturing sectors so as to suggest improvement directions for effective industry policies. The effect of R&D investment was considered simultaneously from the two perspectives of growth and employment effect, and the causality analysis was carried out by using a path analysis. The result of the path analysis confirmed significant differences in the growth effect of R&D investment depending on business size. However, the effect of increasing employment was difficult to obtain statistically significant results for any various combinations of business size and export value. This is a mixture of directions for the effects of R&D investment on employment, which could be due to the failure to consider appropriate time lags between investment and effect. Efficiency analysis by industry sectors confirmed significant differences in efficiency depending on business size, but differences depending on export value were difficult to identify. In order to derive improvement policy by industry sector according to business size and export value, the direction of selective support policy and universal support policy was derived for six industry groups by combining the return to scale in the efficiency analysis and R&D concentration. Hirschman-Herfindahl index is used for calculating R&D concentration.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권49호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to present the method to select optimal size for the industrial products which are closely related to human's body size. For this purpose, human factors such as body characteristics, body features, and preference in product selection which needs to be considered in setting standards were analyzed. This analysis is to select optimal size to minimize losses caused by the difference of size between demand by the customers and supply from the manufacturers. Using loss function, repetitive calculation process algorithm by using bisearch method was applied in selecting the sizes of demand and supply which minimize the total expected losses. For cumulative normal distribution probability, IMSL routine DNORDF was used. In case study, comparison has been made between the result which was calculated using presented algorithm and the results calculated by the process currently used by KS and ISO by measuring aged women's body size in human factors side and sorting them through the factor analysis and cluster analysis for feature factor extraction. Thus, they can be used as a basis for establishing industrial product standards.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.704-705
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• 2006

Discrete element analysis is used to map various log-normal particle size distributions into measures of the in-sphere pore size distribution. Combinations evaluated range from monosized spheres to include bimodal mixtures and various log-normal distributions. The latter proves most useful in providing a mapping of one distribution into the other (knowing the particle size distribution we want to predict the pore size distribution). Such metrics show predictions where the presence of large pores is anticipated that need to be avoided to ensure high sintered properties.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to synthesize research findings on the relationship between parenting efficacy and the variables related to it, as well as to produce results using meta-analysis. The following questions guide this study : Which variables are frequently conducted in research related to parenting efficacy? What is the effect size of each variable? The 65 studies whose results are analyzed in this paper were collected via a search for investigations focusing on 'parenting efficacy'. The studies were used for meta-analysis in which eleven variables were selected. The results of the analysis indicate that a large effect size is produced by the parenting stress in a negative direction. A higher than medium effect size occurs on the basis of parenting beliefs in a negative direction. A higher than medium effect size is also caused by the father's involvement in child care and social support. A medium effect size is produced on the basis of children's temperament, and a small effect size is the result of the mother's academic background, parenting knowledge, and parent's income. There is no relationship between parenting efficacy and children's gender.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.375-387
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• 1998

In clinical trials of nursing research, the sample size determination is one of the most important factor. Although sample size must be considered at the design stage, it has been disregarded in most clinical trials. The power analysis is usually performed before study begins to compute sample size and the power can also be calculated at the end of study in order to justify study result. The power analysis is essential especially when the clinical trials can not show significant differences. In this paper, we review the statistical methods for power analysis and sample size formulae in nursing research. Sample size formulae and the corresponding examples are discussed according to the six types of studies ; mean for one sample, proportion for one sample, means in two samples, proportions in two samples, correlation coefficient and ANOVA.