• Title/Summary/Keyword: sinusoidal mode

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PWM-PFC Step-Up Converter For Novel Loss-Less Snubber (새로운 무손실 스너버에 의한 PWM-PFC 스텝-업 컨버터)

  • Kwak Dong-Kurl;Lee Bong-Seob;Jung Do-Young
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.43 no.1 s.307
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, authors propose a step-up converter of pulse width modulation (PWM) and power factor correction (PFC) by using a novel loss-less snubber. The proposed converter for a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) eliminates the complicated circuit control requirement and reduces the size of components. The input current waveform in the proposed converter is got to be a sinusoidal form of discontinuous pulse in proportion to magnitude of ac input voltage under the constant duty cycle switching. Thereupon, the input power factor is nearly unity and the control method is simple. In the general DCM converters, the switching devices are fumed-on with the zero current switching (ZCS), and the switching devices must be switched-off at a maximum reactor current. To achieve a soft switching (ZCS and ZVS) of the switching turn-off, the proposed converter is constructed by using a new loss-less snubber which is operated with a partial resonant circuit. The result is that the switching loss is very low and the efficiency of converter is high. Some simulative results on computer and experimental results are included to confirm the validity of the analytical results.

Three-Dimensional Vibration Analysis of Deep, Nonlinearly Tapered Rods and Beams with Circular Cross-Section (원형단면의 깊은 비선형 테이퍼 봉과 보의 3차원 진동해석)

  • 심현주;강재훈
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.251-260
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    • 2003
  • A three dimensional (3-D) method of analysis is presented for determining the free vibration frequencies and mode shapes of deep, tapered rods and beams with circular cross section. Unlike conventional rod and beam theories, which are mathematically one-dimensional (1-D), the present method is based upon the 3-D dynamic equations of elasticity. Displacement components u/sup r/, u/sub θ/ and u/sub z/, in the radial, circumferential, and axial directions, respectively, are taken to be sinusoidal in time, periodic in , and algebraic polynomials in the r and z directions. Potential (strain) and kinetic energies of the rods and beams are formulated, the Ritz method is used to solve the eigenvalue problem, thus yielding upper bound values of the frequencies by minimizing the frequencies. As the degree of the polynomials is increased, frequencies converge to the exact values. Convergence to four-digit exactitude is demonstrated for the first five frequencies of the rods and beams. Novel numerical results are tabulated for nine different tapered rods and beams with linear, quadratic, and cubic variations of radial thickness in the axial direction using the 3D theory. Comparisons are also made with results for linearly tapered beams from 1-D classical Euler-Bernoulli beam theory.

Implementation of the BLDC Motor Drive System using PFC converter and DTC (PFC 컨버터와 DTC를 이용한 BLDC 모터의 구동 시스템 구현)

  • Yang, Oh
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.44 no.5
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    • pp.62-70
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, the boost Power Factor Correction(PFC) technique for Direct Torque Control(DTC) of brushless DC motor drive in the constant torque region is implemented on a TMS320F2812DSP. Unlike conventional six-step PWM current control, by properly selecting the inverter voltage space vectors of the two-phase conduction mode from a simple look-up table at a predefined sampling time, the desired quasi-square wave current is obtained, therefore a much faster torque response is achieved compared to conventional current control. Furthermore, to eliminate the low-frequency torque oscillations caused by the non-ideal trapezoidal shape of the actual back-EMF waveform of the BLDC motor, a pre-stored back-EMF versus position look-up table is designed. The duty cycle of the boost converter is determined by a control algorithm based on the input voltage, output voltage which is the dc-link of the BLDC motor drive, and inductor current using average current control method with input voltage feed-forward compensation during each sampling period of the drive system. With the emergence of high-speed digital signal processors(DSPs), both PFC and simple DTC algorithms can be executed during a single sampling period of the BLDC motor drive. In the proposed method, since no PWM algorithm is required for DTC or BLDC motor drive, only one PWM output for the boost converter with 80 kHz switching frequency is used in a TMS320F2812 DSP. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed DTC of BLDC motor drive scheme with PFC are verified through the experimental results. The test results verify that the proposed PFC for DTC of BLDC motor drive improves power factor considerably from 0.77 to as close as 0.9997 with and without load conditions.

A Study on the Utility Interactive Photovoltaic System Using a Chopper and PWM Voltage Source Inverter for Air Conditioner a Clinic room (병실 냉.난방을 위한 초퍼와 PWM 전압형 인버터를 이용한 계통 연계형 태양광 발전시스템에 관한 연구)

  • Hwang, L.H.;Na, S.K.
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.360-369
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    • 2008
  • The solar cells should be operated at the maximum power point because its output characteristics were greatly fluctuated on the variation of insolation, temperature and load. It is necessary to install an inverter among electric power converts by means of the output power of solar cell is DC. The inverter is operated supply a sinusoidal current and voltage to the load and the interactive utility line. In this paper, the proposes a photovoltaic system is designed with a step up chopper and single phase PWM voltage source inverter. Synchronous signal and control signal was processed by one-chip microprocessor for stable modulation. The step up chopper is operated in continuous mode by adjusting the duty ratio so that the photovoltaic system tracks the maximum power point of solar cell without any influence on the variation of insolation and temperature for solar cell has typical dropping character. The single phase PWM voltage source inverter is consists of complex type of electric power converter to compensate for the defect, that is, solar cell cannot be develop continuously by connecting with the source of electric power for ordinary using. It can be cause the efect of saving electric power, from 10 to 20%. The single phase PWM voltage source inverter operates in situation, that its output voltage is in same phase with the utility voltage. The inverter are supplies an ac power with high factor and low level of harmonics to the load and the utility power system.

Three Dimensional Vibration Analysis of Thick, Circular and Annular Plates with Nonlinear Thickness Variation (비선형 두께 변분을 갖는 두꺼운 원형판과 환형판의 3차원적 진동해석)

  • 장승환;심현주;강재훈
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.119-129
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    • 2004
  • A three dimensional (3D) method of analysis is presented for determining the free vibration frequencies and mode shapes of thick, circular and annular plates with nonlinear thickness variation along the radial direction. Unlike conventional plate theories, which are mathematically two dimensional (2D), the present method is based upon the 3D dynamic equations of elasticity. Displacement components u/sub s/, u/sub z/, and u/sub θ/ in the radial, thickness, and circumferential directions, respectively, are taken to be sinusoidal in time, periodic in θ, and algebraic polynomials in the s and z directions. Potential (strain) and kinetic energies of the plates are formulated, and the Ritz method is used to solve the eigenvalue problem thus yielding upper bound values of the frequencies by minimizing the frequencies. As the degree of the polynomials is increased, frequencies converge to the exact values. Convergence to four digit exactitude is demonstrated for the first five frequencies of the plates. Numerical results we presented for completely free, annular and circular plates with uniform linear, and quadratic variations in thickness. Comparisons are also made between results obtained from the present 3D and previously published thin plate (2D) data.

An accuracy analysis of Cyberknife tumor tracking radiotherapy according to unpredictable change of respiration (예측 불가능한 호흡 변화에 따른 사이버나이프 종양 추적 방사선 치료의 정확도 분석)

  • Seo, jung min;Lee, chang yeol;Huh, hyun do;Kim, wan sun
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 2015
  • Purpose : Cyber-Knife tumor tracking system, based on the correlation relationship between the position of a tumor which moves in response to the real time respiratory cycle signal and respiration was obtained by the LED marker attached to the outside of the patient, the location of the tumor to predict in advance, the movement of the tumor in synchronization with the therapeutic device to track real-time tumor, is a system for treating. The purpose of this study, in the cyber knife tumor tracking radiation therapy, trying to evaluate the accuracy of tumor tracking radiation therapy system due to the change in the form of unpredictable sudden breathing due to cough and sleep. Materials and Methods : Breathing Log files that were used in the study, based on the Respiratory gating radiotherapy and Cyber-knife tracking radiosurgery breathing Log files of patients who received herein, measured using the Log files in the form of a Sinusoidal pattern and Sudden change pattern. it has been reconstituted as possible. Enter the reconstructed respiratory Log file cyber knife dynamic chest Phantom, so that it is possible to implement a motion due to respiration, add manufacturing the driving apparatus of the existing dynamic chest Phantom, Phantom the form of respiration we have developed a program that can be applied to. Movement of the phantom inside the target (Ball cube target) was driven by the displacement of three sizes of according to the size of the respiratory vertical (Superior-Inferior) direction to the 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm. Insert crosses two EBT3 films in phantom inside the target in response to changes in the target movement, the End-to-End (E2E) test provided in Cyber-Knife manufacturer depending on the form of the breathing five times each. It was determined by carrying. Accuracy of tumor tracking system is indicated by the target error by analyzing the inserted film, additional E2E test is analyzed by measuring the correlation error while being advanced. Results : If the target error is a sine curve breathing form, the size of the target of the movement is in response to the 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, respectively, of the average $1.14{\pm}0.13mm$, $1.05{\pm}0.20mm$, with $2.37{\pm}0.17mm$, suddenly for it is variations in breathing, respective average $1.87{\pm}0.19mm$, $2.15{\pm}0.21mm$, and analyzed with $2.44{\pm}0.26mm$. If the correlation error can be defined by the length of the displacement vector in the target track is a sinusoidal breathing mode, the size of the target of the movement in response to 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, respective average $0.84{\pm}0.01mm$, $0.70{\pm}0.13mm$, with $1.63{\pm}0.10mm$, if it is a variant of sudden breathing respective average $0.97{\pm}0.06mm$, $1.44{\pm}0.11mm$, and analyzed with $1.98{\pm}0.10mm$. The larger the correlation error values in both the both the respiratory form, the target error value is large. If the motion size of the target of the sine curve breathing form is greater than or equal to 20 mm, was measured at 1.5 mm or more is a recommendation value of both cyber knife manufacturer of both error value. Conclusion : There is a tendency that the correlation error value between about target error value magnitude of the target motion is large is increased, the error value becomes large in variation of rapid respiration than breathing the form of a sine curve. The more the shape of the breathing large movements regular shape of sine curves target accuracy of the tumor tracking system can be judged to be reduced. Using the algorithm of Cyber-Knife tumor tracking system, when there is a change in the sudden unpredictable respiratory due patient coughing during treatment enforcement is to stop the treatment, it is assumed to carry out the internal target validation process again, it is necessary to readjust the form of respiration. Patients under treatment is determined to be able to improve the treatment of accuracy to induce the observed form of regular breathing and put like to see the goggles monitor capable of the respiratory form of the person.

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The effects of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin on plasma protein and lipid levels in the patients with Kawasaki disease (가와사끼병에서 고용량 정맥용 면역글로불린이 혈장 단백 및 지질에 미치는 영향(면역글로불린 투여 후 단백질 농도 변화))

  • Lee, Keun Young;Kim, Dong-Un;Lee, Hyun Seung;Jang, Pil Sang;Kim, Young-Hoon;Kim, Jin Tack;Kim, Hyun Hee;Lee, Kyung-Yil;Lee, Joon-Sung
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.49 no.12
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    • pp.1348-1353
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : The reticuloendothelial system is composed of sinusoidal capillaries, through which even large protein molecules are freely movable between plasma and interstitial space, including the lymphatic system. Therefore, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) would cause a redistribution of proteins between two compartments. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured plasma protein and lipid levels in patients with Kawasaki disease before and after high-dose IVIG treatment. Methods : Thirty four children with Kawasaki disease who had complete responses to high-dose IVIG treatment (1 g/kg/day for two consecutive days), were analyzed. Before and after the administration of IVIG, serum analyses were performed for such parameters as total protein, albumin, ${\gamma}$-globulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), ${\alpha}1-$, ${\alpha}2-$, and ${\beta}-$ globulin fractions, and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride). Results : The levels of ${\gamma}$-globulins including IgG, IgM, IgA were significantly increased, and IgG was increased by $1,779{\pm}304mg/dL$ after two-dose of IVIG infusion. The levels of albumin, ${\alpha}1-$, ${\alpha}2-$, and ${\beta}$ globulin fractions were significantly decreased by 18 percent, 24 percent, 19 percent and 12 percent, respectively. HDL-cholesterol level was significantly decreased by 20 percent, while LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly increased by 21 percent and 50 percent, respectively. The total cholesterol level was not changed. Conclusion : High-dose IVIG treatment decreased the levels of a variety of proteins except immunoglobulins, and the increase of IgG after IVIG treatment was lower than expected. Our results suggest that a part of infused IVIG and plasma proteins, including etiologic proteins for Kawasaki disease, may be distributed to the extravascular compartments. The rapid improvement of symptoms induced by IVIG in Kawasaki disease might be explained by this mode of action of IVIG.