• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.72-75
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• 2007

Magnetization loss of HTS wire is strongly dependent on the critical current density and the aspect ration of the HTS wire. This paper presents the magnetization loss of stacked BSCCO wire and stacked YBCO wires which had different critical current densities. Width of the BSCCO wire was 4mm and widths of two YBCO wires were 4mm and 8mm. Single wire, two stacked three stacked and four stacked wires were fabricated and tested. Ratio of magnetization loss of BSCCO wire to YBCO wire was presented at single wire. For stacked wire, ratio of magnetization loss of single wire to stacked wire was presented. Test results shows that magnetization losses of stacked wires were greater than that of single wire at large high magnetic field above critical magnetic field.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2020

Objective: The Heat Induction Typodont System (HITS), used in some recent studies, has a distinct advantage over previous tooth movement simulation methods. This study aimed to compare inclination and vertical changes between the single-wire and double-wire techniques during en masse retraction with different lengths of lever arms in lingual orthodontics using an upgraded version of the HITS. Methods: Duet lingual brackets, which have two main slots, were used in this study. Forty samples were divided into four groups according to the length of the lever arm (3-mm or 6-mm hook) and the retraction wire (single-wire or double-wire). Four millimeters of en masse retraction was performed using lingual appliances. Thereafter, 3-dimensional-scanned images of the typodont were analyzed to measure inclination and vertical changes of the anterior teeth. Results: Incisor inclination presented more changes in the single-wire groups than in the double-wire groups. However, canine inclination did not differ between these groups. Regarding vertical changes, only the lateral incisors in the single-wire groups presented significantly larger values than did those in the double-wire groups. Combining the effect of hook lengths, among the four groups, the single-wire group with the 3-mm hook had the highest value, while the double-wire group with the 6-mm hook showed the least decrease in crown inclination and extrusion. Conclusions: The double-wire technique with an extended lever arm provided advantages over the single-wire technique with the same lever arm length in preventing torque loss and extrusion of the anterior teeth during en masse retraction in lingual orthodontics.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2004

Pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method is known as the promising production-technique for nanopowders. In this study, we developed and modified the previous single wire explosion equipment to the simultaneous two-wire explosion one for the fabrication of alloy or mixture of nano metallic powder. First of all, both the theoretical and empirical background of pulsed wire explosion of single wire were summarized, and compared with our experimental results for Cu and Al single wlre explosion. After then, the simultaneous wire evaporation equipment was designed, constructed, and tested. The current and voltage behavior were well matched between the calculated ones from the circuit equations, and the experimental results from simultaneous explosion of Cu and Al wire.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.663-664
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• 2006

In the electronic, medical, aerospace and automobile industries, many products and parts are manufactured by joining. Recently, as these get smaller, micro joining is becoming more and more important. In this study, micro wire-to-micro wire parallel joining was performed using single mode fiber laser. Maximum power of the fiber laser is 100 W. The CCD(Charge- Coupled Device, CCD) camera to observe the specimen was made up. The objective was applied to micro joining system to make a small spot size of laser beam. In order to control the target position, micro-multi-axis-stage was set up. This paper presents results for the single mode fiber laser joining of micro wires.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.34-37
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• 1994

.In this study, we measured Ic depending on a curvature radios of High Tc superconducting tapes which were made of a single wire, two and three WIT(wire in tube). Wires are manufactured by the process of press ins and sintering (150h, at 845$^{\circ}C$ ) for the growth of 2223 high Tc Bi superconducting phase. We know that Ic of a single wire decrease with reduction of a curvature radius. The maximum Ic of 2 WIT wire is 2.54 (A) and have a better characteristic than a single wire (0.89 A) at a curvature radius 75mm.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2017

Background Adequate fixation of replanted digits is essential not only for short-term healing but for long-term function. Various bony fixation methods using Kirschner (K-) and intraosseous wire are available in replantation. We examined clinical and radiographic outcomes of fixation methods on bone union after digital replantation. Methods A single institutional retrospective review identified 992 patients who had undergone 1,247 successful replantations between July 2009 and September 2015. Exclusion criteria included amputations of the distal phalanx, comminuted fractures, and intra-articular fractures. Patients were classified according to 5 categories of fixation methods: single K-wire, double longitudinal K-wires, cross K-wires, wire with, and wire without K-wire support. Bone union was evaluated by 5-month postoperative X-ray and fixation outcomes were compared across the 5 groups. Results The exclusion criteria were applied, and 88 patients with 103 replanted digits remained for analysis. Single K-wire fixation was used in 40 digits, double longitudinal K-wires in 30, and cross fixation in 14. Wire with and without K-wire support was required in 15 and 4 digits. Nonunion was observed in 32 digits (31.1%), of which 13 required additional operations such as bone graft or corrective osteotomy. The highest percent of nonunion was observed after cross fixation (35.7%) and the lowest after wire alone (25.0%). Conclusions In this study, contrary to general knowledge, we found that single K-wire fixation was not associated with poorer outcomes. Successful bone union outcomes may be achieved by careful selection of bone fixation methods. This study provides useful information for planning bone fixation in digital replantation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.587-592
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• 2017

In the three-phase four-wire low-voltage power distribution equipment, single-phase and three-phase load have been used mainly mixed. Also linear and nonlinear loads have been used together in the same conditions. In a three-phase four-wire distribution line, the current distribution of three-phase linear load is almost constant in each phase during driving or stopping, but the single-phase load is different from each other for each phase in accordance with the operation and stop. So that the voltage unbalance is caused by the current difference of each phase. In the three-phase four-wire distribution system, non-linear load is used with linear load. The presence of single-phase nonlinear loads can produce an increase in harmonic currents in three-phase and neutral line. It can also cause voltage unbalance. In the present study, we analyzed for the voltage unbalance fluctuations by the operation pattern of the single and three-phase linear and non-linear load in three-phase four-wire low voltage distribution system.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2012

We propose and implement a single-wire communication protocol for thermal management systems using thin film thermoelectric modules for 3D IC cooling. The proposed single-wire communication protocol connects the temperature sensors, located near hot spots, to measure the local temperature of the chip. A unique ID number identifying the location of each hot spot is assigned to each temperature sensor. The prototype chip was fabricated by a $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS MPW process, and the operation of the chip is verified.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.171-174
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• 2016

The diamond wire sawing method to produce silicon wafers for the photovoltaic application is still a new and highly investigated wafering technology. This technology, featured as the higher productivity, lower wear of the wire, and easier recycling of the coolant, is expected to become the mainstream technique for slicing the silicon crystals. However, the saw marks on the wafer surface have to be investigated and improved. This paper discusses the removal of saw marks on diamond wire-sawn single crystalline silicon wafer. With a pretreatment step using tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide ($(CH_3)_4NOH$, TMAH) and conventional texturing process with KOH solution (1 % KOH, 8 % IPA, and DI water), the saw marks on the surface of the diamond wire-sawn silicon wafers can be effectively removed and they are invisible to naked eyes completely.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 2017

The three-phase four-wire power distribution system can be used to supply power to single-phase and three-phase loads at the same time. There are linear loads and nonlinear loads as single-phase loads connected to each phase. The nonlinear load generates a harmonic current during the power energy conversion process. In particular, the single-phase nonlinear load has a higher proportion of generation of the third harmonic current than the harmonics of the other orders. In a three-phase four-wire system, the third harmonic current flows through the neutral wire to the power supply side, affecting the power supply side and the line. Furthermore, the magnitude of the current flowing in the neutral line can be higher than the current flowing in the individual phase. If the neutral current is higher than the phase current, the breaker may be blocked. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount of current flowing in the neutral line by harmonics. There is a method of zigzag connecting a single phase transformer by a method of reducing 3 harmonic current. In this study, the method of reducing the magnitude of the three harmonic currents flowing through the zigzag wire by comparing the polarity and the negative polarity characteristics of the single phase transformer was compared through measurement and simulation.