• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2018

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) has been developing the space optical and laser tracking (SOLT) system for space geodesy, space situational awareness, and Korean space missions. The SOLT system comprises satellite laser ranging (SLR), adaptive optics (AO), and debris laser tracking (DLT) systems, which share numerous subsystems, such as an optical telescope and tracking mount. It is designed to be capable of laser ranging up to geosynchronous Earth orbit satellites with a laser retro-reflector array, space objects imaging brighter than magnitude 10, and laser tracking low Earth orbit space debris of uncooperative targets. For the realization of multiple functions in a novel configuration, the SOLT system employs a switching mirror that is installed inside the telescope pedestal and feeds the beam path to each system. The SLR and AO systems have already been established at the Geochang station, whereas the DLT system is currently under development and the AO system is being prepared for testing. In this study, the design and development of the SOLT system are addressed and the SLR data quality is evaluated compared to the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) tracking stations in terms of single-shot ranging precision. The analysis results indicate that the SLR system has a good ranging performance, to a few millimeters precision. Therefore, it is expected that the SLR system will not only play an important role as a member of the ILRS tracking network, but also contribute to future Korean space missions.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2016

Different from general operating policies to be applied for controllable queueing models, two of three well-known simple N, T and D operating policies are applied alternatingly to the single server controllable queueing models, so called alternating (NT), (ND) and (TD) policies. For example, the alternating (ND) operating policy is defined as the busy period is initiated by the simple N operating policy first, then the next busy period is initiated by the simple D operating policy and repeats the same sequence after that continuously. Because of newly designed operating policies, important system characteristic such as the expected busy and idle periods, the expected busy cycle, the expected number of customers in the system and so on should be redefined. That is, the expected busy and idle periods are redefined as the sum of the corresponding expected busy periods and idle periods initiated by both one of the two simple operating policies and the remaining simple operating policy, respectively. The expected number of customers in the system is represented by the weighted or pooled average of both expected number of customers in the system when the predetermined two simple operating policies are applied in sequence repeatedly. In particular, the expected number of customers in the system could be used to derive the expected waiting time in the queue or system by applying the famous Little's formulas. Most of such system characteristics derived would play important roles to construct the total cost functions per unit time for determination of the optimal operating policies by defining appropriate cost elements to operate the desired queueing systems.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.145-167
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• 2014

Wind-vehicle-bridge (WVB) interaction can be regarded as a coupled vibration system. Aerodynamic forces and moment on vehicles and bridge decks play an important role in the vibration analysis of the coupled WVB system. High-speed vehicle motion has certain effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle-bridge system under crosswinds, but it is not taken into account in most previous studies. In this study, a new testing system with a moving vehicle model was developed to directly measure the aerodynamic forces and moment on the vehicle and bridge deck when the vehicle model moved on the bridge deck under crosswinds in a large wind tunnel. The testing system, with a total length of 18.0 m, consisted of three main parts: vehicle-bridge model system, motion system and signal measuring system. The wind speed, vehicle speed, test objects and relative position of the vehicle to the bridge deck could be easily altered for different test cases. The aerodynamic forces and moment on the moving vehicle and bridge deck were measured utilizing the new testing system. The effects of the vehicle speed, wind yaw angle, rail track position and vehicle type on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle and bridge deck were investigated. In addition, a data processing method was proposed according to the characteristics of the dynamic testing signals to determine the variations of aerodynamic forces and moment on the moving vehicle and bridge deck. Three-car and single-car models were employed as the moving rail vehicle model and road vehicle model, respectively. The results indicate that the drag and lift coefficients of the vehicle tend to increase with the increase of the vehicle speed and the decrease of the resultant wind yaw angle and that the vehicle speed has more significant effect on the aerodynamic coefficients of the single-car model than on those of the three-car model. This study also reveals that the aerodynamic coefficients of the vehicle and bridge deck are strongly influenced by the rail track positions, while the aerodynamic coefficients of the bridge deck are insensitive to the vehicle speed or resultant wind yaw angle.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

본 논문은 최근의 정보통신기술을 적용하여 아날로그 감지기와 화재경보시스템의 설계와 구현방법에 대한 사례를 기술하였다. 근거리와 원거리뿐만 아니라 중대형 규모의 건물에 설치할 수 있도록 감지기에서 부터 시스템까지 계층구조로 설계하였고, 대량의 이벤트를 효율적으로 처리하여 많은 정보를 보여주도록 통신프로토콜부터 응용프로그램까지 일관되게 설계하였다. PC 기반의 화재경보시스템은 Microprocessor 기반의 해외 제품보다 고속으로 대용량을 처리하고 큰 화면에 많은 정보를 제공한다. 그러므로 수천 개의 아날로그 감지기를 설치하는 대형건물도 하나의 시스템에 쉽게 수용할 수 있고 다중화장치를 이용하여 설치비용도 크게 절약할 수 있다. 본 시스템에서 구현된 경보시나리오는 경보가 발생할 때 비화재와 실화재를 구분하는데 큰 역할을 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제14D권3호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2007

본 논문의 목적은 모바일 단말기의 브라우저에서 재생 불가능한 콘텐트를 재생 가능한 이미지 콘텐트로 변경하여 단말기 사용자가 PC를 이용하여 웹 콘텐트를 사용하는 것과 같은 효과를 얻고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 모바일 단말기 상에 PC에서 사용하는 임의의 웹 콘텐트를 재생하기 위하여 웹 페이지를 이미지화 하여 사용자가 선호하는 영역의 콘텐트를 캐럿으로 구분하고 캐럿 단위로 모바일 상에 서비스 하고자 한다. 일반 웹 페이지에서 캐럿 영역을 설정하는 방법으로는 일반 웹 페이지의 정보를 이용한 자동 정적 분할 방법, 사용자 지정에 의한 임의 위치 지정 방법, 웹 페이지의 구조적 분석 기반의 Region 단위 설정 방법을 소개하고 캐럿 단위로 웹 페이지를 분할하여 서비스하였을 경우의 성능향상을 실험 결과를 통하여 보여주고 있다.

• Genes and Genomics
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1199-1211
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• 2018

Soil acidification is one of major problems limiting crop growth and especially becoming increasingly serious in China owing to excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer. Only the STOP1 of Arabidopsis was identified clearly sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity and the molecular mechanism for proton toxicity tolerance of plants is still poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to investigate the transcriptomic change in plants under the low pH stress. The low pH as a single factor was employed to induce the response of the wheat seedling roots. Wheat cDNA microarray was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 1057 DEGs were identified, of which 761 genes were up-regulated and 296 were down-regulated. The greater percentage of up-regulated genes involved in developmental processes, immune system processes, multi-organism processes, positive regulation of biological processes and metabolic processes of the biological processes. The more proportion of down-regulation genes belong to the molecular function category including transporter activity, antioxidant activity and molecular transducer activity and to the extracellular region of the cellular components category. Moreover, most genes among 41 genes involved in ion binding, 17 WAKY transcription factor genes and 17 genes related to transport activity were up-regulated. KEGG analysis showed that the jasmonate signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis might play important roles in response to the low pH stress in wheat seedling roots. Based on the data, it is can be deduced that WRKY transcription factors might play a critical role in the transcriptional regulation, and the alkalifying of the rhizosphere might be the earliest response process to low pH stress in wheat seedling roots. These results provide a basis to reveal the molecular mechanism of proton toxicity tolerance in plants.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.47-66
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• 2020

Due to the division of China's departmental laws, the disconnect between theory and practice, and the influence of traditional academic thinking on the understanding of the knowledge structure of arbitration legal talents in practice, the construction of law school colleges, teaching teams, and research centers mostly revolves around departmental laws, tearing the connection of the arbitration legal system. The student-centered, process-guaranteed, and result-oriented arbitration master of law training model is "virtualized," the shaping of arbitration professionalism is ignored, the coverage of practical teaching is narrowed, and the arbitration legal profession is mostly formalized. The prevalence of specialized curriculum systems shortage, single faculty, formalized practical teaching, outdated curriculum settings, unsuitable curriculum system design for development, and inaccurate professional curriculum standards and positioning renders it difficult to integrate the "Belt and Road." The cutting-edge, the latest research results, and practical experience cannot reflect the connotation, goals, and requirements of "Entrepreneurship" education, as well as arbitral issues such as the ineffective monitoring of practical education and the inconsistent evaluation of standards and scales. Under the background of the "Belt and Road," based on system theory and practice and through training goals that innovate and initiate organizational form, activity content, management characteristics, assessment and support conditions, etc., the arbitration law teaching curriculum system is gradually improved and integrated. Through the establishment of a "Belt and Road" arbitration case file database and other measures, a complete arbitration law theory and practice teaching guarantee system has been established. Third parties are introduced, arbitration law experimental modules are developed, students are guided how to discover new knowledge, new contents are mastered, solidarity, cooperation, and problem-solving capabilities are cultivated in the practice of the "Belt and Road," and quality education, vocational education, and innovation education are organically integrated. In order to implement the requirements of arbitration law education, innovation development and collaborative management of arbitration law teaching practice base should be cultivated, thus giving full play to the effect of collaborative education between universities and arbitration institutions.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.902-909
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• 2016

질의응답 시스템은 사용자의 질문에 대한 답을 찾아주는 시스템으로, 기존의 검색엔진이 사용자의 질의에 대해 관련된 문서의 링크만을 찾아주는 반면 질문에 대한 최종적인 답을 찾아준다는 차이점이 있다. 특정 분야에 국한되지 않고 다양한 질문을 처리해주는 오픈 도메인 질의응답 시스템에 필요한 연구들이 최근 자연어 처리, 인공지능, 데이터 마이닝 등 학계의 다양한 분야들에서 뜨거운 관심을 받고 있다. 하지만 관련 연구에서는 학습 데이터에는 없었던 단어들이 질문에 대한 정확한 답과 유사한 오답을 구별해내는데 결정적인 역할을 할 수 있음에도, 이러한 처음 보는 단어들을 모두 단일 토큰으로 치환해버리는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 문맥 정보를 통해 이러한 모르는 단어에 대한 벡터를 계산하는 방법을 제안한다. 그리고 역문헌빈도 가중치를 활용하여 문맥정보를 더 효율적으로 처리하는 모델을 제안한다. 또한 풍부한 실험을 통해 질의응답 시스템의 모델 학습 속도 및 정확성이 기존 연구에 비해 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.711-734
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• 2012

The foundation of a tall building frame resting on settable soil mass undergoes differential settlements which alter the forces in the structural members significantly. For tall buildings it is essential to consider seismic forces in analysis. The building frame, foundation and soil mass are considered to act as single integral compatible structural unit. The stress-strain characteristics of the supporting soil play a vital role in the interaction analysis. The resulting differential settlements of the soil mass are responsible for the redistribution of forces in the superstructure. In the present work, the nonlinear interaction analysis of a two-bay ten-storey plane building frame- layered soil system under seismic loading has been carried out using the coupled finite-infinite elements. The frame has been considered to act in linear elastic manner while the soil mass to act as nonlinear elastic manner. The subsoil in reality exists in layered formation and consists of various soil layers having different properties. Each individual soil layer in reality can be considered to behave in nonlinear manner. The nonlinear layered system as a whole will undergo differential settlements. Thus, it becomes essential to study the structural behaviour of a structure resting on such nonlinear composite layered soil system. The nonlinear constitutive hyperbolic soil model available in the literature is adopted to model the nonlinear behaviour of the soil mass. The structural behaviour of the interaction system is investigated as the shear forces and bending moments in superstructure get significantly altered due to differential settlements of the soil mass.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2006

본 연구는 골프 코스 관리자가 관리 방법에 따른 그린 스피드를 쉽게 예측할 수 있는 정보를 제공하기 위해 롤링, 이슬제거, 그리고 롤링+이슬 제거를 각각 1회 작업 후 깎기 높이의 변화($4.0{\sim}2.5mm$)와 시간 경과($0{\sim}8hr$)에 따른 4가지 유형의 그린스피드 예측 모형을 통한 빠른 그린 관리 방법을 제시하고자 수행하였다. 공 구름 거리 측정 값은 레이크사이드 컨트리 클럽 동코스 연습용 퍼팅 그린[(Creeping bentgrass (Agrosis palustris Huds. 'Penncross')]에서 2001년 10월 18일과 2002년 5월 25일에 하였다. 자료는 SPSS for window Rel. 10.0(SPSS Inc, 2000) 통계 패키지를 이용하여 다중 회귀 분석하였다. 4가지 유형의 그린스피드 예측 모형중, 빠른 그린 관리 방법의 기준을 설명해 줄 수 있는 회귀식은 식4[($Y_4=4.171-0.225{\cdot}X_1-0.038{\cdot}X_2$(여기서 $Y_4$ : 1회 이슬 제거+1회 롤링시 그린 스피드(m), $X_1$ : 깎기 높이($4.0{\sim}2.5mm,\;X_2$) : 시간 경과($0{\sim}8hr$)]이었다. 이 식은 1회 이슬 제거(스펀지 롤러) $\rightarrow$ 3.0mm 이하의 깎기 높이(21인치 11날 보행식 그린모아, 토너먼트 밑날 장착) $\rightarrow$ 1회 롤링(경량 롤러)의 관리 작업을 할 경우 라운드 종료까지도 3.2m이상의 빠른 그린을 얻을 수 있는 것을 예측하였다. 따라서 이런 관리 시스템은 공식 골프 대회를 위한 빠른 그린의 관리의 기준이 될 것으로 기대되어 진다.