• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.12 no.8
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 2014

Purpose - Today, the importance of the service industry has increased. Social welfare businesses that follow the non-profit principle have neglected the distribution of the service. However, an intangible service, when produced and consumed, has a similar service delivery system to common service distribution and social welfare. Therefore, the author has assumed the efficiency of the service delivery system of social welfare to be equivalent to the service distribution industry. Hence, various kinds of social welfare services for the prevention of elderly suicide, from the perspective of distribution, are discussed. Studies on generational relations have thus far investigated depression from parent-children conflict, and satisfaction with their lives. Studies on the relationship between family solidarity and elderly suicide by analyzing existing social problems are rare. This study investigated the effects of family solidarity between old parents and adult children upon elderly suicide by analyzing serious psychological and social problems. This study revealed basic measures for elderly suicide prevention through services that could elevate family solidarity from the perspective of social welfare service distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - The subjects were 468 elderly, 65 years or older, at 18 senior welfare centers and halls for the elderly at Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Questionnaire surveys, excluding invalid answers, were analyzed. Convenience sampling was used from February 5, 2014 to March 5, 2014. The findings were: First, women and those having spouses with advanced educational backgrounds and social activities had primary solidarity such as contact solidarity, affectionate solidarity, functional solidarity (giving help), and functional solidarity (receiving help). In addition, those who had good health, from a subjective point of view, had more solidarity. Second, the elderly who were men and single, and who had poorer educational backgrounds thought of suicide, lacked social activities, and had poor health, from a subjective point of view. Third, family solidarity between old parents and adult children had significantly negative influence on the suicidal ideation of the elderly. Results - The study revealed the following implications. First, the preparation for old age should consider not only economic welfare but also the psychological welfare due to the relationship with children. Second, the phenomenon of elderly suicide because of a lack of family solidarity could increase national loss and have great influence upon welfare in old age. Therefore, planning of welfare services for the elderly should consider the value of relationships with children to improve the psychological welfare of the elderly. Third, the social expenses of government-oriented support for parents should be discussed from the people's point of view. Conclusions - The subjects of the study comprised the elderly at Seoul and Gyenggi-do; therefore, it would be difficult to extrapolate the findings to all the elderly in the nation. The subject visited senior welfare centers as well as halls for the elderly; therefore, it would be difficult to assume that the trends were representative of the elderly in the nation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.60 no.2
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2017

Objective : Solid bone fusion is an essential process in spinal stabilization surgery. Recently, as several minimally invasive spinal surgeries have developed, a need of artificial bone substitutes such as demineralized bone matrix (DBM), has arisen. We investigated the in vivo bone growth rate of DBM as a bone void filler compared to a local autologous bone grafts. Methods : From April 2014 to August 2015, 20 patients with a one or two-level spinal stenosis were included. A posterior lumbar interbody fusion using two cages and pedicle screw fixation was performed for every patient, and each cage was packed with autologous local bone and DBM. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) of leg pain and back pain and the Korean Oswestry Disability Index (K-ODI). Clinical outcome parameters and range of motion (ROM) of the operated level were collected preoperatively and at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Computed tomography was performed 1 year after fusion surgery and bone growth of the autologous bone grafts and DBM were analyzed by ImageJ software. Results : Eighteen patients completed 1 year of follow-up, including 10 men and 8 women, and the mean age was 56.4 (32-71). The operated level ranged from L3/4 to L5/S1. Eleven patients had single level and 7 patients had two-level repairs. The mean back pain NRS improved from 4.61 to 2.78 (p=0.003) and the leg pain NRS improved from 6.89 to 2.39 (p<0.001). The mean K-ODI score also improved from 27.33 to 13.83 (p<0.001). The ROM decreased below 2.0 degrees at the 3-month assessment, and remained less than 2 degrees through the 1 year postoperative assessment. Every local autologous bone graft and DBM packed cage showed bone bridge formation. On the quantitative analysis of bone growth, the autologous bone grafts showed significantly higher bone growth compared to DBM on both coronal and sagittal images (p<0.001 and p=0.028, respectively). Osteoporotic patients showed less bone growth on sagittal images. Conclusion : Though DBM alone can induce favorable bone bridging in lumbar interbody fusion, it is still inferior to autologous bone grafts. Therefore, DBM is recommended as a bone graft extender rather than bone void filler, particularly in patients with osteoporosis.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2015

Background: The Kirschner wire (K-wire) technique allows stable fixation of bone fragments without periosteal dissection, which often lead to bone segment scattering and loss. The authors used the K-wire fixation to simplify the treatment of laborious comminuted zygomatic bone fracture and report outcomes following the operation. Methods: A single-institution retrospective review was performed for all patients with comminuted zygomatic bone fractures between January 2010 and December 2013. In each patient, the zygoma was reduced and fixed with K-wire, which was drilled from the cheek bone and into the contralateral nasal cavity. For severely displaced fractures, the zygomaticofrontal suture was first fixated with a microplate and the K-wire was used to increase the stability of fixation. Each wire was removed approximately 4 weeks after surgery. Surgical outcomes were evaluated for malar eminence, cheek symmetry, K-wire site scar, and complications (based on a 4-point scale from 0 to 3, where 0 point is 'poor' and 3 points is 'excellent'). Results: The review identified 25 patients meeting inclusion criteria (21 men and 4 women). The mean age was 52 years (range, 15-73 years). The mean follow up duration was 6.2 months. The mean operation time was 21 minutes for K-wire alone (n=7) and 52 minutes for K-wire and plate fixation (n=18). Patients who had received K-wire only fixation had severe underlying diseases or accompanying injuries. The mean postoperative evaluation scores were 2.8 for malar contour and 2.7 for K-wire site scars. The mean patient satisfaction was 2.7. There was one case of inflammation due to the K-wire. Conclusion: The use of K-wire technique was associated with high patient satisfaction in our review. K-wire fixation technique is useful in patient who require reduction of zygomatic bone fractures in a short operating time.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.819-836
• /
• 2004

Nowdays, the awareness of implant treatment has grown rapidly among dentists and patients alike in Korea, as it becomes a widely accepted treatment. The reason is that unlike crown and bridge or denture treatment, implant treatment helps preserve existing bone and improve masticatory functions. So, It is needed understanding about the type, distribution of implant patient. The following results on patient type and implant distribution were compiled from 4433 implant cases of 1596 patients treated at the periodontal dept. of Y University Hospital during 1992 to 2004. 1. There are no dissimilarities between men and women, with patients in their 40, 50s accounting for 52.5% of patients and 57.5% of implant treatments; the largest share of patients and implant treatments. 2. Mn. posterior area accounted for 54.9% of implant treatments followed by Mx. posterior area(27.6%), Mx anterior area(11.9%) and Mn anterior area(5.6%). 3. Partial edentulous patients treated by single crown and bridge-type prosthesis accounted for 97.5% and fully edentulous patient accounted for the remaining 2.5%. 4. The major cause of tooth loss is periodontal disease, followed by dental caries, trauma and congenital missing. Also, older people are more likely to suffer from tooth loss due to periodontal disease rather than dental caries. 5. In the distribution of bone quality for maxillae, type III was most, followed by type II, r type IV and r type I. As for mandible, type II was most, followed by type III, type IV and for type I. 6. In the distribution of bone quantity for maxillae, type C was most, followed by type B, type D, type A, and for type E. As for mandible, type B was 52% most, followed by type C, type D, type A and type E. 7. The majority of implants were those of 1O-14mm in length (85.2%) and regular diameter in width (64%). The results provided us with basic data on patient type, implant distribution, bone condition, etc. We wish that our results coupled with other research data helps assist in the further study for better implant success/survival rates, etc.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.225-233
• /
• 1996

From August 1992 to July 1996, 63 consecutive patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. The mean age of these patient was 57 years(range form 30 to 71years). There were 44 men and 19 women. Preoperative 12 patients had stable angina pectoris and 23 patients were unstable angina pectoris. 8 patients had previous myocardial infarctation history and emergency or urgent myocardial revascularization were performed in 9 cases. In the risk factors of coronary atherosclerosis, 25 patients(40%) were hypercholesterolemia, 38 patients(60%) have smoking history and 19 patients(30%) have hypertension history. In the patterns of disease, 9 patients were single vessel disease, 18 patients were two vessele disease and 33 patients were three vessel disease. We performed total 284 distal anastomosis(mean 3.5 anastomosis per patient) and performed one case of ascending aorta graft interposition, two cases of mitral valve replacement, one case of aortic valve replacement, one case of ventricular septal defect repair and one case of atrial septal defect repair and the mean aortic cross clamp time was 115.3 minutes. The common complications were arrhythmia(7cases), wound infection(5cases), perioperative myocardial infarction(4cases), reoperation for bleeding control(4cases) and stroke(4cases). There were six hospital deaths due to low cardiac output syndrome, ventricular arrhythmia and respiratory failure. In the evaluation of operative risk factors, preoperative intravenous nitroglycerin requirement and prolonged aortic cross clamp tirne(>2hours) were found to be predective factor of morbidity and old age(>65years) was found to be predective factor of mortality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.21
• /
• pp.9143-9146
• /
• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the general characteristics of patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pancreatic cancer as well as evaluate the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV), DVT and survival. Materials and Methods: Seventy-seven patients with pancreatic cancer, who were admitted to Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Oncology, were enrolled in the study Results: The mean age was $59{\pm}20$. Forty-nine (63.6%) were men and 28 women (36.4%). Sixty-eight (88.3%) patients had adenocarcinoma and 9 (11.7%) had a malignant epithelial tumor. Thirty-six (46.7%) had liver metastasis at diagnosis. Twenty-six (33.8%) patients were alive, 20 (26%) were dead and in 31 (40.2%) the status was unknown. Only 14 (18.1%) patients had DVT. In 42 (54.5%) patients MPV values were normal, in 28 (36.4%) patients they were above normal, and in 7 (9.1%) patients they were below normal. There was no statistically significant difference between gender, tumour localization, chemotherapy and survival rates (p:0.56, p:0.11, p:0.21). There was no significant difference between DVT, gender, localisation, histological subtype, the presence of metastasis, stage and if the patient had been treated with chemotherapy (p:0.5, p:0.6, p:0.2, p:0.32, p:0.1, p:0.84). There was also no significant difference between MPV and DVT (p:0.57) but there was a significant difference between liver metastasis and DVT (p:0.02). Age, stage, the presence of metastasis and DVT were prognostic in pancreatic cancer patients. Conclusions: Cases of pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis should be studied more carefully as thrombosis is more common in these patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.510-516
• /
• 2013

Background This paper discusses the treatment protocol for patients with frostbite. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of a series of 17 patients with second- and higher-degree frostbite who had been treated at our medical institution between 2010 and 2012. Results Our clinical series of patients (n=17) included 13 men and four women, whose mean age was $42.4{\pm}11.6$ years (range, 22-67 years). The sites of injury include the foot in six patients (35.3%), the hand in six patients (35.3%) and the facial region in five patients (29.4%). Seven patients with second-degree frostbite were completely cured with only conservative treatment during a mean period of $12.7{\pm}3.3$ days (range, 8-16 days). Of the five patients with third-degree frostbite, two underwent skin grafting following debridement, and the remaining three achieved a complete cure with conservative treatment during a mean period of $35{\pm}4.3$ days (range, 29-39 days). Five patients with fourth-degree frostbite were treated with surgical procedures including amputation. Conclusions With the appropriate conservative management in the early stage of onset, surgeons should decide on surgery after waiting for a sufficient period of time until the demarcation of the wound. Continuous management of patients is also needed to achieve functional recovery after a complete cure has been achieved. This should also be accompanied by patient education for the avoidance of re-exposure to cold environments.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2020

This study was attempted to identify the media preferences and the reasons of cancer patients. The data collection was conducted on 76 people. and they are 6 men, 70 women with 38 breast cancer patients, and 38 patients with other cancers. For measuring tools, self-written questionnaires and Mandala paintings were used for single-time art therapy. The data analysis compared the results of technical statistics, independence verification and chi verification using the SPSS WIN ver.25.0 with the Mandala painting. There were no significant differences in media preference by age and duration of the disease, and there were significant differences in media preference by disease. In the Mandala painting, the characteristics of the medium and the factors of specific disease showed that there were reasons and effects of preference media choice. This study is meaningful in that it concentrated on the art therapy access and support in terms of the cancer outpatients, which have been concentrated on inpatients so that they shed light to the support and intervention needed by the outpatients, and can be used as basic data for the development of art therapy programs to help stabilize the mind of cancer patients in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.43
• /
• pp.203-224
• /
• 1999

As androgny presented by feminism still appear in contemporary fashion since mid 1980's feminism as a social phenomenon can be considered to habe influenced fashion history. This paper surveys the sex images of androgynous look that appeared in contemporary fashion into bisexual image and neutral images based on the feminist aspects of changes in contemporary fashion. As stated above bisexual images and neutral images of androgynous look shown in clothing are an attempt to reach one single integrated complete being by overacoming 'femininity' or 'masculinity' and combining the element of the two sexes. Consequently androgynous look creates new attraction by harmoniously coordinating characteristics of the two sexes instead of totally differentiating between masculinity and femininity that are represented in the form of clothing that has conceptual visual characteristics. Following are the conclusions of the reseach of this paper. First 'androgynous' as a feminist sex concept reflects the spirit of the times. Since the sex roles are divided and diversified and the concept of femininity is changing the concept of androgyny requiring both masculine and feminine characteristics in an essential sex concept for sucessful conduct of roles in a complex modern society. Second the integrated human image of androgynous look has led to a new culture with fashion trends that has been ahead of times by curing the functions of fashion to differentiate between men and women. Third androgynous look at the turn-of-the-centuy will not cease to exist but be a lasting fashion phenomenon while the sex concept presented by feminism has become the core to destrov the dichotomous fashion style of the 20th century. Fourth androgynous look is expressed in various manners in contemporary fashion since it shown how human beings accipt the adaptation method desperately required by the contemporary times. Androgynous look can be viewd as the desire for ultimate freedom that can be acquired by destroying the dichotomous sex concept and as the will to become a subject of the world as integrated human being. As we look into fashion culture creation of fashion is not the result of an accidental cause or an individual's work but the reflection of the spirit of the times. In this sense androgynous look introduced by a new sex concept to contemporary fashion has reflected the spirit of the times and led the cultural atmosphere and moreover it is an important fashion style that can characterize the contemporary times while lasting in the future.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.222-227
• /
• 2008

Objective : Malignant gliomas are the most common primary cerebral neoplasms in adults. Despite multimodality treatments, the prognosis for patients with malignant glioma remains poor. However, recently, the effectiveness of concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with temozolomide (TMZ) has been reported. We report for the first time preliminary results of the treatment with CCRT of newly diagnosed malignant gliomas in Korean people. Methods : Thirty-two patients over the age of 17 years with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed high-grade gliomas (HGG), from June 2004 to August 2007 were the subjects of this study. There were 17 men and 15 women, with a median age of 53.5 years (range, 17-74). Pathologically, glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and gliomatosis cerebri had been diagnosed in eighteen, eight, four, and two patients, respectively. These 32 patients were treated with CCRT with TMZ. Results : The median follow-up period was 12.5 months (range 3-48). At the time of this analysis, 13 patients died and three patients had been lost to follow-up. There was no mortality caused by drug toxicity. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of these patients was 9.0 months, and the six-month PFS rate was 72.4%. The median overall survival (OS) was 26 months, and the one-year OS rate was 83.6%. The 18 patients with glioblastoma were analyzed separately from the other patients with HGG, and the median OS was 18 months, and the one-year OS rates were 81.8%. The median PFS was seven months, and the six-month PFS rate was 75.0%. Conclusion : Our results are consistent with many other reports, confirming that CCRT with TMZ achieves good clinical outcomes in the treatment of HGG. Therefore, we suggest that CCRT with TMZ as adjuvant chemotherapy be considered as a standard therapy for patients with HGG.