• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2015

PURPOSE. To evaluate the cumulative survival rate (CSR) and mechanical complications of single-tooth $Ankylos^{(R)}$ implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This was a retrospective clinical study that analyzed 450 single $Ankylos^{(R)}$ implants installed in 275 patients between December 2005 and December 2012. The main outcomes were survival results CSR and implant failure) and mechanical complications (screw loosening, fracture, and cumulative fracture rate [CFR]). The main outcomes were analyzed according to age, sex, implant length or diameter, bone graft, arch, and position. RESULTS. The 8-year CSR was 96.9%. Thirteen (2.9%) implants failed because of early osseointegration failure in 3, marginal bone loss in 6, and abutment fracture in 4. Screw loosening occurred in 10 implants (2.2%), and 10 abutment fractures occurred. All abutment fractures were located in the neck, and concurrent screw fractures were observed. The CSR and rate of screw loosening did not differ significantly according to factors. The CFR was higher in middle-aged patients (5.3% vs 0.0% in younger and older patients); for teeth in a molar position (5.8% vs 0.0% for premolar or 1.1% for anterior position); and for larger-diameter implants (4.5% for 4.5 mm and 6.7% for 5.5 mm diameter vs 0.5% for 3.5 mm diameter) (all P<.05). CONCLUSION. The $Ankylos^{(R)}$ implant is suitable for single-tooth restoration in Koreans. However, relatively frequent abutment fractures (2.2%) were observed and some fractures resulted in implant failures. Middle-aged patients, the molar position, and a large implant diameter were associated with a high incidence of abutment fracture.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.54-57
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• 2010

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal and prosthodontic complications of multiple freestanding implants in the posterior jaws for up to 1 year of function. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Eight patients received 20 implants posterior to canines. Two or more implants were consecutively inserted to each patient. Single crowns were delivered onto the implants. Marginal bone loss, implant mobility, probing depth, and screw loosening were examined to evaluate the clinical success of such restorations for maximum 1 year of functional loading. RESULTS. All the implants performed well during the observation period. Neither periodontal nor prosthodontic complications were found except a slight porcelain chipping. While the marginal bone level was on average 0.09 mm lower around the implant after 6 months of loading, it was 0.15 mm higher after 1 year. CONCLUSION. Within the limits of this investigation, separate single-tooth implant restorations to replace consecutive missing teeth may clinically function well in the posterior jaw.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.507-517
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the soft tissue changes around single implant-supported crowns during followup periods. Twenty patients(31 implants) whose single missing tooth in the maxillary anterior region had been replaced with an single implant-supported crown were recruited for the study. Crown length, soft tissue level and papilla height at the single implant-supported crowns were measured at follow-up examination and calculated from the slides taken at time of crown placement. as well Papilla index was scored from the slides taken at the time of crown placement and follow-up examination. A very little amount of recession occurred and the soft tissue level moved more apically and the papilla height increased significantly (p<0.01). Especially, both mesial and distal papilla index at single implant-supported crowns increased significantly during follow-up periods (p<0.001). When the two slides taken at the time of crown placement and follow-up were compared simultaneously, except one site, papillae size increased at all sites. From the results of the study, the interdental papillae at the single implant-supported crowns seemed to regenerate significantly and their crown margins were stable during follow-up periods. Hence it is indicated that various surgical interventions at on early stage to enhance soft tissue esthetics arourd single implants may be unnecessary.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.321-337
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• 1998

The aims of this study were firstly to investigate soft tissue reactions around single implant-supported crowns and secondly to compare soft tissue dimensions and conditions of the crowns in relation to interdental papillae, and lastly to investigate patients'esthetic satisfaction with their single implant-supported crowns according to the interdental papillae presence/absence. Twenty-nine patients (41 implants) whose single missing tooth in the maxillary anterior region had been replaced by single implant-supported crown participated for the study and various variables of soft tissue conditions, dimensions and crown dimensions were measured around the single implant-supported crowns at clinical examination and from study models and slides. The results showed that the soft tissue conditions around the single implantsupported crowns were similar to those around implants used for partially or totolly edentulous patients. Except for the high frequency of bleeding on probing, all other parameters revealed healthy conditions. The buccal sites of the crown had a shallow pocket comparing with other sites. At all sites of the crown, similar status of little inflammation was found. Mesial sites and central-incisor positioned implantsupported crowns had lower contact point position than distal sites and lateral-incisor positioned crowns, respectively. Mucositis index, probing depth and contact point position were significantly correlated with papillae index(p < 0.05). More inflammation and lower contact point position were found at the implant-supported crown with no interdental space than that with interdental space. Patients showed high esthetic satisfaction regardless of interdental space presence. The result indicated that, despite of their submucosal crown margins, single implantsupported crowns have soft tissue conditions as good as other implants used for the treatment of the different types of edentulism and a clinician can manipulate interdental papilla height by modifying crown shapes within the limits of not violating total esthetics.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2013

연구 목적: 치과 임플란트가 소개된 이후로 단일 치아 상실에 따른 임플란트 수복에 관한 성공적인 연구 결과들이 보고되고 임상적으로도 널리 사용되고 있다. 구강내의 다양한 부위에 따른 연구들이 있어 왔으나, 교합력이 강한 구치부 특히 하악 구치부에서 단일 임플란트에 관한 연구가 필요할 것이다. 본 연구는 하악의 제1대구치와 제2대 구치 부위에 식립된 단일 임플란트의 생존율에 관해 연구, 분석하였다. 연구 대상 및 방법: 2002년부터 2009년까지 대구광역시 소재의 7개 치과의원에서, 하악 제1, 2대구치에 단일 임플란트 치료를 받은 환자 284명에게 식립된 308개의 임플란트를 대상으로 하였다. 하악 제1대구치에 168개의 임플란트가 식립되었고, 하악 제2대구치에 140개의 임플란트가 식립되었다. 이들 임플란트는 식립위치, 환자의 성별, 연령, 임플란트의 직경 및 길이에 따라 분석하였다. 결과:하악 제1대구치에서는 4개의 임플란트가, 하악 제2대구치에서는 10개의 임플란트가 실패하였다. 하악 제1대구치에서는 97.6%, 하악 제2대구치에서는 92.9%의 성공률을 나타내었다. 환자의 연령, 성별, 식립방법, 임플란트의 직경 등에 따른 차이는 관찰할 수 없었다. 결론: 하악 제1대구치 단일 임플란트의 생존율은 하악 제2대구치 단일 임플란트의 생존율보다 높게 나타났다. 이는 하악 제2대구치 부위의 골질이 좋지 않고, 하악의 해부학적인 구조로 인해 하악 제2대구치 부위에 과도한 교합력이 가해질 우려가 있기 때문이라 생각된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.383-393
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• 2003

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the amount of marginal bone loss between upper anterior area and upper posterior area with 71 upper single-tooth restorations on 2 stage machined $Br{{\aa}}nemark$ implants since Jan 1995. The second aim was to compare the bone defect group which had dehiscence and fenetration and the others in the upper anterior region. The results were as follows. 1. The most frequent reason of missing tooth in the upper anterior region was trauma by 61%. While upper posterior region showed various reasons such as congenital missing, advanced periodontitis, trauma. 2. Peri-implantitis with fistula occurred 1 of 41 implants in the upper anterior group in 1 year after loading and 2 of 32 implants in the upper posterior group failed before loading. The 1 year success rate of upper anterior group was 97.56 %, and 93.75 % for upper posterior group. 3. The mean marginal bone loss in the upper anterior group was 0.44${\pm}$0.25 mm, while 0.57${\pm}$0.32 mm in the upper posterior group. There was statistically significant difference in the amount of mean marginal bone loss (P${\pm}$0.10 mm at one year, and 0.48${\pm}$0.26 mm for the control group. No statistically significant difference of mean marginal bone loss was showen between bone defect group and the others at implantation. According to the results, the upper anterior region showed less marginal bone loss than the upper posterior region. In case of missing single upper tooth, careful consideration on recipient residual ridge to determine proper implant diameter and length, sufficient healing time, proper loading would lead to implant success. Single tooth implants in the maxilla seemed to be an alternative to fixed partial dentures without damage to adjacent teeth.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.240-250
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and risk indicators of peri-implantitis in Korean patients with history of periodontal disease. Methods: A total of 444 patients with 1,485 implants were selected from patients who had been treated at the Department of Periodontology, Chonbuk National University Dental Hospital between July 2014 and June 2015. A group with a history of peri-implantitis (HP) (370 patients with 1,189 implants) and a group with a current peri-implantitis (CP) (318 patients with 1,004 implants) were created based on the radiographic and clinical assessments of implants. The prevalence of peri-implantitis was calculated at both the patient and implant levels. The influence of risk variables on the occurrence of peri-implantitis was analyzed using generalized estimating equations analysis. Results: The prevalence of peri-implantitis in the HP and CP groups ranged from 6.7% to 19.7%. The cumulative peri-implantitis rate in the HP group estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method was higher than that in the CP group over the follow-up period. Among the patient-related risk variables, supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) was the only significant risk indicator for the occurrence of peri-implantitis in both groups. In the analysis of implant-related variables, implants supporting fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) and implants with subjective discomfort was associated with a higher prevalence of peri-implantitis than single implants and implants without subjective discomfort in the HP group. The presence of subjective discomfort was the only significant implant-related variable predictive of peri-implantitis in the CP group. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the prevalence of peri-implantitis in Korean patients with a history of periodontal disease was similar to that reported in other population samples. Regular SPT was important for preventing peri-implantitis. Single implants were found to be less susceptible to peri-implantitis than those supporting FDP. Patients' subjective discomfort was found to be a strong risk indicator for peri-implantitis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.734-739
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• 2014

Background Rupture is an important complication of breast implants. Before cohesive gel silicone implants, rupture rates of both saline and silicone breast implants were over 10%. Through an analysis of ruptured implants, we can determine the various factors related to ruptured implants. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 72 implants that were removed for implant rupture between 2005 and 2014 at a single institution. The following data were collected: type of implants (saline or silicone), duration of implantation, type of implant shell, degree of capsular contracture, associated symptoms, cause of rupture, diagnostic tools, and management. Results Forty-five Saline implants and 27 silicone implants were used. Rupture was diagnosed at a mean of 5.6 and 12 years after insertion of saline and silicone implants, respectively. There was no association between shell type and risk of rupture. Spontaneous was the most common reason for the rupture. Rupture management was implant change (39 case), microfat graft (2 case), removal only (14 case), and follow-up loss (17 case). Conclusions Saline implants have a shorter average duration of rupture, but diagnosis is easier and safer, leading to fewer complications. Previous-generation silicone implants required frequent follow-up observation, and it is recommended that they be changed to a cohesive gel implant before hidden rupture occurs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate five-year radiographic follow-up results of the Korean sandblasting with large grit, and acid etching (SLA)-treated implant system. Materials and Methods: The subjects of the study are 54 patients who have been followed-up to date, of the patients who underwent implant surgery from May 1, 2009 to April 30, 2011. In all, 176 implant placements were performed. Radiographs were taken before the first surgery, immediately after the first and second surgeries, immediately and six months after the final prosthesis installation, and every year after that. Bone loss was evaluated by the method suggested by Romanos and Nentwig. Results: A total of 176 implant placements were performed - 122 in men and 54 in women. These patients have been followed-up for an average of 4.9 years. In terms of prosthetic appliances, there were 156 bridges and 20 single prostheses. Nine implants installed in the maxillary molar area, three in the mandibular molar area and two in the maxillary premolar area were included in group M, with bone loss less than 2 mm at the crestal aspect of the implant. Of these, eight implants were single prostheses. In all, six implants failed - four in the mandible and two in the maxilla. All of these failures occurred in single-implant cases. The implant survival rate was 98.1% on the maxilla and 94.3% on the mandible, with an overall survival of 96.6%. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, implants with the SLA surface have a very superior survival rate in relatively poor bone environments such as the maxilla.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.312-327
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• 2017

Purpose: This study assessed marginal bone remodeling and soft tissue esthetics after the loading of single bone-level implants in the anterior maxilla. Methods: An open, single-arm observational clinical trial with 3 years of follow-up was performed, including 22 implants. The patients presented with a single tooth gap in the anterior maxilla (tooth positions 14-24), with natural or restored adjacent teeth. An implant was placed at least 8 weeks post-extraction and healed submerged for 6 weeks. After the second-stage operation, a fixed provisional prosthesis was provided. The final restoration was placed 6 months after the provisional restoration. The time of the provisional crown connection was considered to be the baseline in this study. Esthetic parameters and the marginal bone level were assessed at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Results: All implants were well integrated in the bone. A statistically significant increase was found in the mean implant stability quotient between the time of the provisional prosthesis and the time of the final prosthesis. Most implants (95.5%) revealed marginal bone resorption (<0.5 mm), and just 1 implant (4.5%) showed a change of 2.12 mm from baseline to 36 months (mean $0.07{\pm}0.48mm$), while the crestal bone level decreased significantly, from $2.34{\pm}0.93mm$ at baseline to $1.70{\pm}1.10mm$ at 36 months. The facial gingival margin and papilla were stable and the esthetic scores indicated high patient and dentist satisfaction. Conclusions: Platform-switching bone-level implants placed in maxillary single-tooth gaps resulted in successful osseointegration with minimal marginal bone resorption. The peri-implant soft tissue was also esthetically satisfying and stable.