• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2022

Patterns of occurrence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) with whitefly on summer-cultivated tomato in Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi Province were surveyed using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 2020. In addition, distribution of the whiteflies species and their viral transmission rates were investigated throughout the tomato growing season. The infection rates of TYLCV and ToCV increased sharply during harvest, and the single infection rates were 30.9% and 5.0%, respectively, with a mixed infection rate of the two viruses being the highest at 52.2%. Single infection with TYLCV and double infections with TYLCV and ToCV accounted for the majority with 83.1%. Bemisia tabaci were dominant over Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouse grown plants, and all of the investigated B. tabaci biotypes were identified as Mediterranean (MED, formerly known as Q biotype). The transmission rate of TYLCV, detected in every sampled B. tabaci MED population, was 21.4%, and the mixed transmission rate with ToCV was 35.5%. Viruliferous MED whiteflies with ToCV showed a higher rate than that of T. vaporariorum. In the transplant stage, viruliferous rate of both TYLCV and ToCV of B. tabaci was 42.7%; this rate was highest in the harvest stage. In examination of tomato yield, the increase in the mixed infection rate of TYLCV and ToCV led to complete yield loss. When the mixed infection rate increased by 10%, the yield decreased by 405.4 kg/10a.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2009

Jujube trees infected with phytoplasma exhibit symptoms of typical witches' broom, such as yellowing, abnormally small leaves, short internodes and proliferation of shoots. A 1.2 kb fragment of the 16S rDNA from jujube phytoplasma was generated by R16F2n/R16R2 primer pair from earlier amplified P1/P7 PCR products of cloned jujube witches' broom phytoplasmas. Enzymatic restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA revealed that the jujube tree was infected with 16S rDNA I and V groups of phytoplasmas. Extensive comparative analyses of restriction enzyme profiles from Alu I, Hha I, Msp I, and Rsa I clearly classified the two into different phytoplasma groups. The phylogenie analyses based on 16S rDNA showed that the similarity of the two different clones was 87.5%. This is the first report of a mixed phytoplasmal infection in a single jujube tree.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Deep neck infections, which affect soft tissues and fascial compartments of the head and neck and their contents, have decreased after the develop ment of chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics. However they may still result in significant morbidity and mortality despite the use of chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics. Materials and Methods : A retrospective study was performed on 66 deep neck infections in patients admitted for diagnosis and treatment at Asan medical center from June 1994 to December 2000. Results : Age of the patients varied from 1 to 86-year-old and sex ratio of male to female was 1.2：1. Most frequently involved site was submandibular space (21.2%). Most common cause of infection was dental disease (28.8%). The isolated pathogenic organisms were Streptococcus species in 19 cases, Staphylococcus species in 7 cases, Klebsiella in 5 cases, mixed infection of Staphylococcus and Klebsiella in 3 cases and a case of Corynebacterium. 51 cases were treated surgically, 15 cases were medically. Mean duration of admission was 9.6 days in cases of single space infection, 17.5 days in multiple spaces, 8.1 days when the infection resulted in cellulitis, 13.4 days in abscess, 7.9 days when the infection treated medically and 13.4 days when treated surgically. Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment is important to manage deep neck infection and the duration of admission was increased when the infection involved multiple spaces.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2019

To investigate the incidence status of lily viruses on Jeju island, lily samples were collected from 2015 to 2018 and examined for virus infection using RT-PCR. Of the viral infections, mixed and single infections were 70.0% and 17.9%, respectively. The incidence of mixed infections was highest for PlAMV and LSV as 43.4% in 2015; PlAMV, LSV 33.1% in 2016; LSV, LMoV 10.2% in 2017; and PlAMV, LSV, LMoV and CMV 15.8% in 2018. The incidence of PlAMV was observed to be 82.0% in 2015, 49.4% in 2016, 13.6% in 2017, and 39.5% in 2018 after the first occurrence of PlAMV in 2013. No symptoms were observed for single infection with LSV. However, in the case of mixed infection with LSV and LMoV, mosaic and leaf malformation symptoms appeared. With mixed infection with LSV and CMV, pale brown necrotic spots appeared, and mosaic and leaf curling were induced. PlAMV was more common in mixed infection than in single infection, and caused necrosis following the development of reddish-brown spots. PlAMV significantly decreased the marketability of lilies owing to the generation of leaf anomalies and curls, and its symptoms were more severe in mixed infections.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.357-362
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• 2008

While studies have been carried out on endoparasite infection from feces of Korean indigenous goats in multiple areas around the nation, there is no report in northern areas of Gyeongbuk province. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the rate of parasite infection from the fecal samples of goats raised on grass. From March to July in 2008, 108 fecal samples were taken from goats. Eggs of parasites were identified using flotation or sedimentation methods followed by microscopic examination. Overall infection rate of parasites from feces of goats were 99% (107 out of 108). The infection rates of nematode, cestode, trematode and protozoa were 37%, 23%, 0% and 99%, respectively. Among parasite eggs detected, nematodes included threadworms (20%), strongyles (16%) and whipworms (1%). The only cestode and protozoa detected were Moniezia expansa and Eimeria spp, respectively. In the rates of mixed infection, single was 61%, double 32%, and triple 6%.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.216-221
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• 2000

Mixed infection of watermelon mosaic potyvirus II isolated from pumpkin (WMV-P) and cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus from watermelon (CGMMV-W) caused extremely severe symptoms such as progressive silting and death of watermelon plants. Single infections of either WMV-P or CGMMV-W on the same hosts produced only vein clearing and/or mosaic on the upper leaves. In cells infected with WMV-P, potyvirus-characteristic inclusions of pinwheels, scrolls and cylindrical inclusions were present in the cytosol. Parallel arrays of virus particles in the tonoplast were also common. In cells infected with CGMMV-W, virus particles occurred as stacked-bands of scattered randomly in the cytosol and vacuoles in all type cells. Many cells also contained vesiculated mitochondria with fibril-containing vesicles. Cells infected mixedly with WMV-P and CGMMV-W contained structural features that were not observed in cells infected singly with the two viruses. A particle of WMV-P potyvirus was surrounded by evenly spaced nine particles of CGMMV-W tobamovirus, which made a unique nonagon ring. The angled layers having $60^{\circ}$-$135^{\circ}$ were alternating layer, herringbone, crosshatching and ladder figures.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.467-477
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• 2017

A nationwide survey was performed to investigate the current incidence of viral diseases in Korean sweet potatoes for germplasm and growing fields from 2011 to 2014. A total of 83.8% of the germplasm in Korea was infected with viruses in 2011. Commercial cultivars that were used to supply growing fields were infected at a rate of 62.1% in 2012. Among surveyed viruses, the incidence of five Potyvirus species that infect sweet potato decreased between 2012 and 2013, and then increased again in 2014. Representatively, the incidence of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) was 87.0% in 2012, 20.7% in 2013 and then increased to 35.3% in 2014. Unlike RNA viruses, DNA viruses were shown to decrease continuously. The incidence of Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) was 5.5% in 2003, 59.5% in 2011, and 47.4% in 2012. It then decreased continuously year by year to 33.2% in 2013, and then 25.6% in 2014. While the infection rate of each virus species showed a tendency to decline, the virus infection status was more variable in 2013 and 2014. Nevertheless, the high rate of single infections and mixed infection combinations were more variable than the survey results from 2012. As shown in the results from 2013, the most prevalent virus infection was a single infection at 27.6%, with the highest rate of infection belonging to sweet potato symptomless virus-1 (SPSMV-1) (12.9%). Compared to 2013, infection combinations were more varied in 2014, with a total of 122 kinds of mixed infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2006

In order to detection of the intestinal parasites, fecal samples were taken from broiler (n=290), parent stock (n=168) and laying hen (n=114) in Jeonbuk province. The prevalence and identification of intestinal parasites were determined by the fecal examination using the floatation method and microscopical examination, respectively. The detection rate of parasite-eggs from 3 flocks (total=572) was 44.9%. In the breed and type of breeding, infection rate of parasite-eggs was detected 65.5% as broiler (floor breeding, 290 chickens), 20.2% as parent stock (floor breeding, 168 chickens) and 28.9% as laying hen (cage breeding, 114 chickens), in order. In the concern of mixed infection such as single and double, the rate were 40.7% and 4.2%, respectively. Six kinds of infective eggs were isolated 257 fecal sample from 3 flock. They were classified 74.7% as Eimeria spp, 18.1% as Ascaridia galli and 6.0% as Capillaria spp and 0.4% as Heteratkis gallinarum, Railleina spp or Trichostrongylus spp, single or in combination.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 1993

In order to detection of the intestinal parasites, fecal samples were taken from broiler (n=262), laying hen(n=244), parent stock(n=207) and native stock(n=287) in Chonbuk province. The prevalence and identification of intestinal parasites were determined by the fecal examination using the floatation and /or sedimentation methods and microscopical examination, respectively. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The detection rate of parasite-eggs from 4 flocks(total=1,000) was 65.7%. 2. In the breed and type of breeding, infection rate of parasite-eggs was detected 84.0％ as native stock (floor breeding, 241 chicken), 79.7％ as parent stock (floor breeding, 165 chickens), 73.3% as broiler(floor breeding, 192 chicken) and 24.2% as laying hen(cage breeding, 59 chicken), in order. 3. In the concern of mixed infection such as single, double and triple, the rate was 55.1%, 8.7% and 1.9%, respectively. 4. Ten kinds of infective eggs were isolated from 657 fecal sample of 4 flock. They were classified 51.l% as Eimeria spp., 12.7% as Ascaridia galli, 5.1% as Capillaria spp., 4.1% as Strongyloides avium, 2.3% as Heterakis gallinarum, 0.5% as Hymenolepis spp., 0.3% as Railleina spp. and 0.2% as Syngamus spp., Trichostrongilus spp., or Choanoteania spp., single or in combination.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2004

In order to monitor the parasites, 83 fecal samples were taken from monkeys such as Cercopithecus mitis(6), Macaca fuscata(32), Saimiri sciurea(27), Macaca nigra(5), Papio hamadrysa(8), and Macaca mulatta(5) in Jeonbuk area. Isolation and Identification of the parasites from the feces were determined by the fecal examination using the floatation and microscopical examination, respectively. The detection rate was 21.6%, and mixed infection rate was single 18.0%(15 heads), double 2.4%(2 heads), and triple 1.2% (1 head). The isolates were identified as Strongyloides axei from 7 heads. Trichuris spp from 3 heads, Entamoeba histolytica 3 heads, Toxacaris leonina from 3 heads, and Eimeria spp from 2 heads.