• Title/Summary/Keyword: single Nature

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Generative Adversarial Networks for single image with high quality image

  • Zhao, Liquan;Zhang, Yupeng
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.15 no.12
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    • pp.4326-4344
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    • 2021
  • The SinGAN is one of generative adversarial networks that can be trained on a single nature image. It has poor ability to learn more global features from nature image, and losses much local detail information when it generates arbitrary size image sample. To solve the problem, a non-linear function is firstly proposed to control downsampling ratio that is ratio between the size of current image and the size of next downsampled image, to increase the ratio with increase of the number of downsampling. This makes the low-resolution images obtained by downsampling have higher proportion in all downsampled images. The low-resolution images usually contain much global information. Therefore, it can help the model to learn more global feature information from downsampled images. Secondly, the attention mechanism is introduced to the generative network to increase the weight of effective image information. This can make the network learn more local details. Besides, in order to make the output image more natural, the TVLoss function is introduced to the loss function of SinGAN, to reduce the difference between adjacent pixels and smear phenomenon for the output image. A large number of experimental results show that our proposed model has better performance than other methods in generating random samples with fixed size and arbitrary size, image harmonization and editing.

The Effects of Cone Harvesting on the Regeneration of Korean Pine and the Life of Animals in Mt. Changbai Nature Reserve

  • Plao, Tie Feng;Kim, Ji-Hong;Chung, Sang-Hoon
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 2008
  • Based on the former researches, this article studied the influence of cone harvesting of Korean pine on the regeneration of Korean pine trees and the life of animals in Mt. Changbai Nature Reserve. When the cone matures, scales of the cone do not open so the seeds can not be released automatically. And the seeds, if left inside, are hard to germinate and can not grow further into seedlings. The seeds of Korean pine have deep dormancy characteristics. Natural regeneration of Korean pine is very poor under mother trees. Hoarding behavior of dispersing animals not only helps animals for food shortage period but also contributes to the dispersion of seeds of Korean pine. Among those hoarding animals, squirrel and Eurasian nutcrackers are found to be the most important dispersing agents for the seeds of Korean pine. After cone harvesting, the number of those dispersers reduced a lot since the seeds of Korean pine are very important food for them. Seed quantity of Korean pine on surface layer became very few and most of them only showed single distribution. Most of the seeds were buried under litter layer and showed a single or 2-4 seeds/cluster distribution. The case of more than 4 seeds in one cluster was few. The seed quantity of Korean pine forest on steep slopes of the research area was only 0.3% of the seed quantity in 1980 for the same forest type. If seed source of Korean pine are not protected, Korean pine forest in Mt. Changbai Nature Reserve would not maintain present feature in the future.

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Impact of Information Systems and Organizational Adjustment on the Successful Introduction of Management Techniques (정보시스템과 조직구조의 조정이 성공적인 경영기법 도입에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Seong-Whoe
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.143-163
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    • 2004
  • Management is under constant pressures to achieve competitiveness in production in most manufacturing companies. The adoption of management techniques(MT) such as TQM, MRP, ERP and so on has been a logical response for better performance to many companies. Besides, these companies commonly adopt a number of such techniques with high expectation for performance improvement. However, expected improvement in performance is not guaranteed unless necessary ingredients exist for those techniques. Many research studies have focused on the nature of successful adoption of management techniques in the past. However, most studies have been related to a single technique and its effects. When more than one techniques are in use in a company, focusing on a single technique limits the value of analysis. This paper focuses the value of MTs adopted in a company in multiplicity and compares the relative characteristics of MTs one another. Especially, the purpose of this paper is to examine the comparative nature of MTs adopted In manufacturing companies and the elements of MT success in relationship with information systems and organizational adjustment for adoption of MTs. The result of the analysis shows that the more efforts are exhorted for the adjustment of information systems and organizational structures to accommodate the MTs, the more success from the adopted techniques results. However, the extent of adjustment for different management techniques differs one another due to the nature of each technique. With regard to the comparative impact of adjustment of information systems and that of organizational structures, the result shows that the latter has more direct and greater impact than the former.

Formation of single-crystal Si islands via continuous-scan Sequential Lateral Solidification

  • Turk, B.A.;Wilt, P.C. var der;Limanov, A.B.;Chitu, A.M.;Im, J.S.
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.07a
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    • pp.245-247
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    • 2003
  • We have previously shown that single-crystal Si regions on glass substrates can be obtained by crystallizing as-deposited a-Si films using a specific version of the SLS process, referred to as dot-SLS Such single-crystal islands can, for instance, be used for manufacturing of high-performance TFTs that are expected to become increasingly more relevant in the future. In this paper, we demonstrate that the dot-SLS process can be implemented using a continuous-scan SLS scheme that enables the attainment of high crystallization rates that are desired for industrial applications. We will furthermore report on recent experimental findings regarding the nature of the defects that can be created during the process.

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Evaluation of Single Hardening Constitutive Model for Sand (모래에 대한 단일항복면 구성모델의 평가)

  • Jeong, Jin-Seob;Park Moung-Bae
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.95-103
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    • 1998
  • Solutions of geotechnical engineering problems require calculation of deformation and stresses during various stages of loading. Powerful numerical methods are available to make such calculation even for complicated problems. To get accurate results, realistic stress-strain relationships of soil are dependent on a number of factors such as soil type, density, stress level and stress path. Attempts are continuously being made to develope analytical models for soils incorporating all such factors. The nature of stress-path dependency, the principle that governs deformations in sand, and the use of Lade's single work-hardening model for predicting sand response for a variety of stress-paths have been investigated and are examined. The test results and the analyses presented show that under some conditions sand exhibits stress-path dependent behavior. The strains calculated from Lade's single work-hardening model are in reasonable agreement with those measured, but some discrepancies occur. The largest difference between measured and calculated strains occurs for proportional loading with increasing stresses and for stress-path directions.

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Monolithic Integration of Arrays of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Sheets of Graphene

  • Hong, Seok-Won
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.68.2-68.2
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    • 2012
  • We present a scheme for monolithically integrating aligned arrays of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with sheets of graphene, for use in electronic devices. Here, the graphene and arrays of SWNTs are formed separately, using chemical vapor deposition techniques onto different, optimized growth substrates. Techniques of transfer printing provide a route to integration, yielding two terminal devices and transistors in which patterned structures of graphene form the electrodes and the SWNTs arrays serve as the semiconductor. Electrical testing and analysis reveal the properties of optically transparent transistors that use this design, thereby giving insights into the nature of contacts between graphene and SWNTs.

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Fundamental Epistemology on Nature Examined by Zhuangzi through the Man of Truth (장자(莊子)가 진인(眞人)을 통하여 밝힌 자연(自然)과 진인관(眞人觀)에 따른 인간관(人間觀) - 『장자(莊子)』 「대종사(大宗師)」의 진인(眞人)을 중심으로 -)

  • Ban, Sng-hyoun
    • Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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    • v.137
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    • pp.193-223
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    • 2016
  • This research examines the recognition of nature as identified by Zhuangzi through the man of truth. Zhuangzi defines inactivity as an act of nature and personifies it as the man of truth, a holy man who achieves salvation. It is the stage that is united with nature by breaking out of secular restriction and achieving the absolute liberal spirit. The man of truth is the origin enabling all the acts of nature. And since the existence of all living things is connected, the change of life and death complies with the operation of nature. It is an irresistible destiny for all human beings. Therefore, the duty of nature recognizes the life and death of all creation into a single perspective. In this sense, the feelings of joy and sorrow that human beings feel are unnecessary. When following the duty of nature and destiny, which is to break out of secular desire and empty the mind, it is possible to go to the stage of futility and enjoy a silent and comfortable life. Zhuangzi explains it as living free from worldly cares, which is the stage of 'Soyoyoo(逍遙遊)'. In this thesis, the principles of courtesy and the virtue of Confucianism are stated and are contrary to the concept of futility asserted by Zhuangzi. But, a different approach could be attempted which recognizes a superman who is even more evolved from the man of truth. The philosophical ideology of Zhuangzi could be a necessary factor for modern people and his oriental natural spirit should be highly appreciated.

Barium Nitrate Single Crystals Growth by Aqueous Solution Method

  • Joo, Gi-Tae;Kang, Bonghoon
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.22 no.12
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    • pp.706-710
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    • 2012
  • The growing conditions of barium nitrate $Ba(NO_3)_2$ single crystals using the aqueous solution method have been studied. Supersaturation can be calculated by measuring the temperature of the solution and its equilibrium temperature. Supersaturation of $Ba(NO_3)_2$ was 0.7% at $32.0^{\circ}C$ and about 3% at $34.0^{\circ}C$. The obtained single crystals have three kind of morphology: tetrahedral, cubic, and, rarely, dodecahedral. The normal growth rate is proportional to the supersaturation; it is necessary to make the solution below 5% supersaturation in order to obtain transparent $Ba(NO_3)_2$ single crystals. The normal growth rate for {1$\bar{1}$1} faces was $2.51{\times}10^{-6}$ mm/s for the 0.7% supersaturation condition ($32.0^{\circ}C$), $6.43{\times}10^{-6}$ mm/s for the the condition of 3.0% supersaturation, and $7.01{\times}10^{-6}$ mm/s for the condition of 5.0% supersaturation. The quality of the grown crystals depends on the nature of the seed, the cooling rate employed, and the agitation of the solution. The faces of the obtained crystals have been identified uising an X-ray diffractometer. The surface diffusion is responsible for the low growth rates of the {1$\bar{1}$1} faces.

Sneak Peek into Tobacco Habits and Associated Insidious Oral Lesions in an Odisha Sample Population

  • Das, Shibani;Shenoy, Sadhana
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.16
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    • pp.7007-7009
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    • 2015
  • Background: Tobacco use in various forms, including with Areca nut, causes several potentially malignant disorders. Many lesions may transform into oral squamous cell carcinoma. Although patients may be aware of the hazards of tobacco habits, the lesions by themselves are insidious in nature resulting in failure of patients to present to general dentists/specialists at early stages. Our aim was to study the types of habits prevalent in the region of Rourkela in Orissa and to assess the insidious nature of the lesions associated with these habits. Not many studies have been done from this part of India. Materials and Methods: A camp was conducted for habitual users of tobacco and its products, Areca nut and other mixed habit users. A thorough history was taken of the type, duration and frequency of habits, symptoms of patients along with clinical examination by a single examiner. The data was entered in detail into an excel sheet and analysed. Results: 54.7% had lesions and 60.9 % of them were asymptomatic and rest had mild burning sensation while eating. There was a very low awareness of the presence of lesions among the patients. Conclusions: There is a need to spread the awareness of the ill effects of the tobacco and other associated habits far and wide and more importantly educate the general public on the appearance of associated lesions as these are almost always insidious in nature. The patients can self-examine, detect lesions early when present and approach the dentist at the earliest opportunity.

A Strategy of Dynamic Inference for a Knowledge-Based System with Fuzzy Production Rules (퍼지규칙으로 구성된 지식기반시스템에서 동적 추론전략)

  • 송수섭
    • Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.81-95
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    • 2000
  • A knowledge-based system with fuzzy production rules is a representation of static knowledge of an expert. On the other hand, a real system such as the stock market is dynamic in nature. Therefore we need a strategy to reflect the dynamic nature of real system when we make inferences with a knowledge-based system. This paper proposes a strategy of dynamic inferencing for a knowledge-based system with fuzzy production rules. The strategy suggested in this paper applies weights of attributes of conditions of a rule in the knowledge-base. A degree of match(DM) between actual input information and a condition of a rule is represented by a value [0,1]. Weights of relative importance of attributes in a rule are obtained by AHP(Analytic Hierarcy Process) method. Then these weights are applied as exponents for the DM, and the DMs in a rule are combined, with MIN operator, into a single DM for the rule. In this way, overall DM for a rule changes depending on the importance of attributes of the rule. As a result, the dynamic nature of a real system can be incorporated in an inference with fuzzy production rules.

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