• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 1988

Studies were carried out to examine the effects of simulated acid rain on the various crops of rice, peper, tomato, pumpkin, egg plant, potato, soybean, radish, cucumber, common pea, sweet potato, corn, lettuce, chinse cabbage, spinach, under the condition of the rains of pH 3.0. The rain was adjusted to pH 4.0, 3.0, 2.0 with sulfuric acid, and soybeans were exposed with the various pH levels, eighteen times every other days. The symptoms of damage, ratios of destroyed leaf and sulphur content by leaves were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The exposure to the rain resulted in the reddish brown or white pigment spots in the leaves surface and the colour was developed red and darker along the edge of spots. 2. Most crops were affected with acid rain of pH 3.0 at which the amount of chlorophyl was decreased. 3. The spinach, chinese cabbage, lettuce were sensitive to the acid rain, however, the peper, tomato pumpkin were resistance to it. 4. The content of chlorophyl was decreased with increasing leave injury. 5. The sulphur content in leave was increased with increasing acidity of the rain, however the yield was decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2022.11a
• /
• pp.26-29
• /
• 2022

The diffuse sound field plays a crucial role in the perceptual quality of the auralization of virtual scenes. Diffuse Rain is a geometrical scattering model which enables the simulation of diffuse fields that is compatible with acoustic ray tracing, but is often computationally expensive. We develop a novel method that can reduce this cost by rendering the large number of Diffuse Rain data in Ambisonics format. The proposed method is evaluated in a shoebox scene simulation run on MATLAB, in reference to a more faithful method of rendering the Diffuse Rain data ray-by-ray. The EDC and IACC of the binaural output show that the simulated diffuse field can be rendered in Ambisonics with only minimal deviations in energy decay and spatial quality, even with 1^st-order Ambisonics.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.396-408
• /
• 2007

Natural disasters occurred in Inje and Pyeongchang in 2006 show that unusual changes of weather, which Korean Peninsula has not experienced before, are becoming quite common phenomenon nowadays. In future we have to proceed in the direction of preventing such disasters so as to minimize the damage, by analyzing character and cause of various disasters whenever necessary, performing modeling in simulated real world, and applying the results in disaster prevention policy next year. Applying GIS in this process, the best information for decision-making can be offered. This study has also progressed proceeding from such point of view. The results of this study show that local concentrated heavy rain, caused by the primary topographical factor in the Sulak mountain region, was the main cause of flood disaster occurred in Inje-Gun area in July of 2006. Local concentrated heavy rain is greatly affected by topography. Namely, if there is a mountainous region behind, the area opposite to the direction of rain clouds motion will have high possibility of local concentrated heavy rain.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.1013-1019
• /
• 2015

As the interest in leisure and health increases, the domestic outdoor wear industry becomes bigger. The waterproofness of fabrics does not ensure the waterproofness of garments because of the stitch holes during the sewing process even with the seam sealing tapes. Thus the water leakage often becomes a problem during the end use. Still companies use fabrics waterproofness data for garments marketing because they are simple to run the test, less expensive than the whole garment testing, and easy to achieve the quality control. In this study the rain tower system for evaluating the waterproofness of garments has been developed and the waterproofness of the selected waterproof and breathable garments in the market were tested. The rain tower was consisted of rain tower room, rainfall forming system and measurement system. Two different levels of rainfall can be simulated with this system(100l/m²/hr and 450l/m²/hr). Jackets in the market have been tested at two different rainfall conditions. The temperature and humidity data inside jackets didn't provide much information on the waterproofness at severe rainfall condition(450l/m²/hr, 1 hour). However, water leakage was detected on the cotton undershirt inside jacket. 5 out of 8 jackets passed the normal rainfall condition(100l/m²/hr, 30 minutes). The newly developed rain tower system was able to evaluate the waterproofness of the jacket seams. It is recommended the further study on the detailed test conditions for the end use of the waterproof and breathable garments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 1993.10a
• /
• pp.40-41
• /
• 1993

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 1993.10a
• /
• pp.38-39
• /
• 1993

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 1996.05a
• /
• pp.94-95
• /
• 1996

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 1994.06a
• /
• pp.98-99
• /
• 1994

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.89 no.3
• /
• pp.422-430
• /
• 2000

Three-year-old Pinus koraiensis seedlings, transplanted in brown forest soils originating from granite were treated with simulated acid rain of pH concentrations 5.6(control), 4.0, 3.0, 2.5 and 2.0 for 210 days from April 21 to November 17, 1999. Visible injury of the seedlings were observed at the pH 2.0 and pH 2.5 treatments. The total dry weight of the seedlings decreased at pH 2.0 treatment compared with that of the control, and T/R ratio increased at pH 2.0 treatment compared with others. The elements in each part of the seedlings, concentrations of Ca, P and content of chlorophyll in needles increased at the pH 2.0 treatment compared with the control. The concentration of N in the needles of the seedlings increased as the soil pH decreased. As the treated pH was lowered, soil pH has decreased, and concentrations of Ca, Mg, Al, and Mn increased, especially at pH 4.4. In addition, there was a strong correlation(r=0.90, p<0.05 ; r=-0.94, p<0.01) between the dry weight of the seedlings and the pH and Al concentration of the soils. Therefore, the pH and Al concentration in the soil may be useful indicator for assessing the effect of acid rain on the growth of woody plants.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.94-104
• /
• 2018

In general, the rainfall-runoff simulation is performed using rainfall data from meteorological and observational rain gauge stations. However, if we only use rainfall data from meteorological and observational rain gauge stations for runoff simulation of a large watershed, the problem in the reliability of the simulated runoff can be occurred. Therefore, this study examined the influence of the rainfall data on the simulated runoff volume by a Semi-distributed model. For this, we used rainfall data from meteorological stations, meteorological and observational stations, and a spatially distributed rainfall data from hypothetical stations obtained by kriging method. And, we estimated the areal rainfall of each sub-basin. Also the estimated areal rainfall and the observed rainfall were compared and we compared the simulated runoff volumes using SWAT model by the rainfall data from meteorological and observational rain gauge stations and runoff volume from the estimated areal rainfall by Kriging method were analyzed. This study was performed to examine the accuracy of calculated runoff volume by spatially distributed areal rainfall. The analysis result of this study showed that runoff volume using areal rainfall is similar to observed runoff volume than runoff volume using the rainfall data of weather and rain gauging station. this means that spatially distributed rainfall reflect the real rainfall pattern.