• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.651-663
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we first study some characterizations of left MC2 rings. Next, by introducing left nil-injective modules, we discuss and generalize some well known results for a ring whose simple singular left modules are Y J-injective. Finally, as a byproduct of these results we are able to show that if R is a left MC2 left Goldie ring whose every simple singular left R-module is nil-injective and GJcp-injective, then R is a finite product of simple left Goldie rings.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.1305-1319
• /
• 2014

A submodule N of a right R-module M is called coneat if for every simple right R-module S, any homomorphism $N{\rightarrow}S$ can be extended to a homomorphism $M{\rightarrow}S$. M is called coneat-flat if the kernel of any epimorphism $Y{\rightarrow}M{\rightarrow}0$ is coneat in Y. It is proven that (1) coneat submodules of any right R-module are coclosed if and only if R is right K-ring; (2) every right R-module is coneat-flat if and only if R is right V -ring; (3) coneat submodules of right injective modules are exactly the modules which have no maximal submodules if and only if R is right small ring. If R is commutative, then a module M is coneat-flat if and only if $M^+$ is m-injective. Every maximal left ideal of R is finitely generated if and only if every absolutely pure left R-module is m-injective. A commutative ring R is perfect if and only if every coneat-flat module is projective. We also study the rings over which coneat-flat and flat modules coincide.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2005

Let A be a polynomial ring over a field and M a simple A-module. We generalize one result of Song about the description of the injective envelope $E_A$ (M) in terms of modules of generalized fractions.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
• /
• 2006.10a
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2006

The mobile-phone which Camera was put on was released at the end of 2000 and dramatically puts up the deployment ratio because not only simple Camera but also a function that the photograph which I took is dispatched was added. It is the force that demand in this year presses 600,000,000 sale of a mobile-phone is estimated to be 960,000,000 of them in 2006, and to be able to include two errands with a support model after 3G. A person of entry to a camera-module appear much. In addition, the various kinds of products open markedly which a product comes to be known widely in the world, and the application range has opened widely, and considered QCDT come to be key issues for answer to market demand. By manufacturing industry, there is peculiar culture to each industry, camera-module is the composition the various industries. The construction of true Supply-chain becomes unavoidable to make a good product. I describe the point that the situation of each supply-chain and the direction for the future by the view point of module assembly maker.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2017

Streaming server is that an image produced in real time or a file form of image produced ahead consists of SNS service, and the relay module of streaming server includes output management module that set an output channel more than 2 and control transmission of video content. This thesis intends to suggest how to stream through plural output channel that contains output channel of external streaming server using relay module and do streaming provided to terminal receiving image, and streaming server, streaming system for this. Thus, by extending output channel sending out image to output channel of external streaming server, the scale of streaming server is not limited and the process allotting external streaming server into output channel sending the image becomes simple, so management of output channel becomes efficient even when sending several images.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.58 no.10
• /
• pp.1902-1910
• /
• 2009

This paper presents a graphical windows-based program for the education and training for novel network reduction. The object of developed simulator is to provide users with a simple and useable tool for gaining an intuitive feel for power system analysis. The developed simulator consists of the main module (MMI,GUI), the location marginal price module (LMP), the clustering module and network reduction module. Each module has a separate graphical and interactive interfacing window. The developed simulator needs with the PSS/E input data format, generator cost function, location information. Line admittances of reduced network was determined by using the power flow method(Newton-Raphson). So line flow of reduced network is almost same to original power system. Results of reduced network are compared on the window in the tabular format. Therefore, the developed simulator can be utilized as a useful tool for effective education and training for power system analysis.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.206-209
• /
• 2000

A wavelength stabilized high power CW DFB LD module was designed and fabricated for use in externally modulated, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex (DWDM) systems. A simple, compact wavelength monitoring technology using a thin solid Etalon and PD array assembly was developed for a low cost wavelength stabilized DFB LD module. Also, the excellent module have high power characteristic of 13.5 mW in CW 100 mA current injection with high optical coupling coefficient over 43%. r 43%.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2023

In this study, we developed a co-located and space-shared multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna module with a modular design and high integration level. The proposed antenna pair includes a half-wavelength loop antenna and a dipole-type antenna printed on the front and back sides of a compact modular board. Owing to their modal orthogonality, these two independent antenna elements are highly self-isolated and free of additional decoupling components, even though they are assembled at the same location and within the same space. Thus, the proposed antenna is attractive in 5G MIMO systems. Furthermore, the proposed co-located and space-shared MIMO antenna module was employed in a 5G smartphone to verify their radiation and diversity performances. A 12 × 12 MIMO antenna system was simulated and fabricated using the proposed module. Based on the results, the proposed module can be employed in large-scale MIMO antenna systems for current and future terminal devices owing to its high integration, compactness, simple implementation, and inherent isolation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2010

This paper deals with attitude determination and parameter estimation problems for a lunar module. For this we first derive equations of motion for the lunar module by considering allocation locations (configurations) of reaction thruster and a reaction wheel assembly. The lunar module is assumed as a rigid body. In order to include the effect of fuel sloshing on the dynamics of the lunar module, we model it as a spherical pendulum for a simple analysis. For estimating angular rates and moment of inertia of the module, we employ an extended Kalman filter and the least mean square algorithms, respectively. Finally we construct a dynamical model for the lunar module by combining all these elements.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.1039-1043
• /
• 2005

Despite the many significant advances made in robot architecture, the basic approaches are deliberative and reactive methods. They are quite different in recognizing outer environment and inner operating mechanism. For this reason, they have almost opposite characteristics. Later, researchers integrate these two approaches into hybrid architecture. In such architecture, Reactive module also called low-level motion control module have advantage in real-time reacting and sensing outer environment; Deliberative module also called high-level task planning module is good at planning task using world knowledge, reasoning and intelligent computing. This paper presents a framework of the integrated planning and control for mobile robot navigation. Unlike the existing hybrid architecture, it learns topological map from the world map by using MST (Minimum Spanning Tree)-based SOFM (Self-Organizing Feature Map) algorithm. High-level planning module plans simple tasks to low-level control module and low-level control module feedbacks the environment information to high-level planning module. This method allows for a tight integration between high-level and low-level modules, which provide real-time performance and strong adaptability and reactivity to outer environment and its unforeseen changes. This proposed framework is verified by simulation.