• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 1983

Trihalomethane removal efficiency by a fixed bed carbon adsorber was a subject of this study. Along with laboratory scale column operations, a simple adsorption model was developed to predict removal efficiency. The adsorption model includes an overall mass transfer coefficient, K and Freundlich adsorption constants, $K_F$ and n. Simulation results showed that increasing K and $K_F$ or decreasing n would take more loading and prolong run time of the adsorption bed. Typical S-shaped breakthrough curves were obtained from the experiments. The operational results at $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ indicated that a moderate difference in water temperature would not affect the treatment efficiency significantly. The adsorption constants determined from the column operation and the model simulation were reasonably close to those obtained from the isotherm test. It may be concluded that trihalomethane can be removed successfully by a fixed bed carbon adsorber.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.408-413
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• 2004

High speed planning boats also have been required more and more the rational strength analysis and evaluation for the optimal structural design in respect of the structural lightness according to the high speed trend. Even though the suggestion of the simple type equation for the equivalent dynamic pressure is reasonable to design the scantling of ship structure conveniently, many research activities for more reasonable improvement of the simple design pressure, have been continued to suggest the more accurate equivalent static description of tire structural response such as the deflection and stress of hull structure. In this research, we focus on the aluminum bottom stiffened plate structure in which structural scantling is mainly depend on the local loads such as dynamic or impact pressure without other load effects and structural response for the simple dynamic equivalent pressure was investigated through the structural analysis. In order to investigate the structural response of the bottom stiffened plate structure subjected to the dynamic equivalent design pressure, linear and nonlinear structural analysis of the bottom stiffened plate structure of 4.3 ton aluminum planning boat was performed based on the equivalent static applied loads which were derived from the KR regulation and representative one among various dynamic equivalent pressure equations. From above analysis results, we found that the response such as deflection and stress of plate member was similar with the response results of one plate member model with fixed boundary, which was published previous paper and in case of KR design loading, all response of stiffened plate structure were within elastic limit. Through the nonlinear analysis, nearly elastic behavior including the slight geometrical nonlinear response was dominant but plastic local zone was appeared at $85\%$ limit load. Therefore, we can say that through tire linear and nonlinear analysis, this stiffened plate member has no structural strength problem based on the yield criteria in case within $60\%$ limit load except the other strength point of view such as the fatigue and buckling problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 2012

This research presents an analysis of algorithm for ship track-keeping along a given trajectory. The maneuver of a free running model ship guiding through a simple path are presented. In order to solve the above problem, a desired trajectory is usually determined by GPS points in a pre-fixed place then these points are set in a pre-programmed navigation so that the ship would be automatically tracked. Proportional-Derivative(PD) control which is useful for fast response controllers was used in this program as a course keeping system. A high accuracy GPS receiver was installed on the model ship that could provide positions frequently, the system will compare and give out the remaining distance and heading to the target way-point. The results of ship auto track-keeping experiment will be explained in order to illustrate the adjustment in controlling parameters. These results can be utilized as a preliminary step to carry out the experiment of ship collision avoidance system and automatic berthing in the future.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.215-228
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• 1997

Extrapyramidal movement disorders are divided descriptively into hypokinesias(such as parkinsonism), characterized by poverty and slowness of movement : hyperkinesias(such as chorea, athetosis, dystonia, ballism, etc.), manifested by abnormal involuntary movement. Chorea refers to widespread arrythythmic movements of a forcible, rapid, jerky, restless type Choreic movements are noted for their irregularity and variability. They are generally continuous, may be simple or quite elaborate, and affect any part of the body. Dystonla refers to abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. Some patients with dystonia also have shifting postures, resulting from irregular, forceful twisting movement that affect trunk and produce bizarre, grotesque movements and positions of the body. The most frequent and familiar type of focal dystonia is spasmodic torticollis. It consists of an involuntary turning of the head to one side - intermittent at first, then gradually worsening to the point of being more or loss continuous. The combination of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia is sometimes refered to as Meige's syndrome. We report two patients with dystonia and chorea in cerebral infarction at basal ganglia. We have experienced good improvement by the oriental medicine and acupuncture treatment.'rho acupuncture points of LI 4, ST 36, TE 3, GB 34, GB 41, LR 3, GB 39 were used. The therapies of herb-medicine were treated by Zibu-Ganshen(滋補肝腎), Huoxue-Xifeng-Tongluo(活血息風通絡).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.19-30
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• 1984

There is a symbolic term which has realized custom of an era and has eome into fashion since the middle of 1920's. That is Garconne. This paper studied the image and costume of Garconne expressed in literary works, the form of art made it to come into being, and costume of a group of women played a role of pioneers of Garconne. Garconne attempted simple, casual, and mannish costume instead of usual elegance. It was the boiysh style($\`{a}$, la Garconne) which did not stress on the bust and waist like chanel suits used wool jersey by a designer, Chanel ana short skirts of low waist line. They got short haircut and wore low heel shoes. Garconne meant women who were free of convention, were familiar with love a d profession, and lived for themselves in the same manner of young men. They yieled new mode of 1920's. Though their lives were only a period, they manifested the symbol of the period though their figure and designation was not disappeared at the age but was settled as a mark of fixed image. There were several reasons why the Garconne was born. Rapid changes in politics, economics, and society in Europe were occurred from the First World War to 1920 and the trend of custom and art was a turning point. Especially, the entry of women into the society and the mode of Art Deco influenced it directly. The role of a pioneer of Garconne was appeared from the French Revolution. As Merveilleuse, Lionne, and Bloomers wore peculiar clothings ana had life style being irrelevant to tradition, they were talked about. They informed in advance the appearance of new women who were different from romantic ladies and were more modern and active. The pioneer design of Paul Poiret which were over whelming throughout a period and functional design of Chanel were increasingly accelerated.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.59-68
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• 2002

In this paper, we design the two-dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform (2D DWT) filter that is widely used in various applications such as image compression because it has no blocking effects and relatively high compression rate. The filter that we used here is two-channel four-taps QMF(Quadrature Mirror Filter) Lattice filter with PR (Perfect Reconstruction) property. The proposed DWT architecture, with two consecutive inputs shows an efficient performance with a minimum of such hardware resources as multipliers, adders, and registers due to a simple scheduling. The proposed architecture was verified by the RTL simulation, and utilizes the hardware 100%. Our architecture shows a relatively high performance with a minimum hardware when compared with other approaches. An efficient memory mapping and address generation techniques are introduced and the fixed-point arithmetic analysis for minimizing the PSNR degradation due to quantization is discussed.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2000

Vocoders used in digital mobile phone adopt new improved algorithm to achieve better communication quality. Therefore the communication problem occurs between mobile phones using different vocoder algorithms. In this paper, the efficient implementation of 8kbps and 13kbps QCELP into one DSP chip to solve this problem is presented. We also describe the optimization method at each level, that is, algorithm-level, equation-level, and coding-level, to reduce the complexity for the QCELP vocoder algorithm implementation. The complexity in the codebook search-loop that is the main part for the QCELP algorithm complexity can be reduced about 50% by using these optimizations. The QCELP implementation with our DSP requires only 25 MIPS of computation for the 8kbps and 33 MIPS for the 13kbps ones. The DSP for our real-time implementation is a 16-bit fixed-point one specifically designed for vocoder applications and has a simple architecture compared to general-purpose ones in order to reduce the power consumption.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.18-24
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• 2016

This study presents a simple method which can estimate displacement using measured strain response of simply supported girder bridges. The basic concept of the present method is derived from a relation between displacement and strain, and is generalized by introducing analytical tool. Static and dynamic laboratory test are conducted on simply supported plate which is designed to respond dynamically similar to actual bridges to experimentally verify the present method, and displacement and strain are measured at the midpoint of specimen. Displacement estimated by using measured strain is well agreed with measured one. This study demonstrates that the present method is suitable for estimating displacement of real simply supported bridge, in which the installation of a displacement transducer at the fixed reference point is difficult.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.5301-5323
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• 2017

Small cell deployment offers a low-cost solution for the boosted traffic demand in heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs). Besides improved spatial spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency, future HCNs are also featured with the trend of network architecture convergence and feasibility for flexible mobile applications. To achieve these goals, dual connectivity (DC) is playing a more and more important role to support control/user-plane splitting, which enables maintaining fixed control channel connections for reliability. In this paper, we develop a tractable framework for the downlink SINR analysis of DC assisted HCN. Based on stochastic geometry model, the data-control joint coverage probabilities under multi-frequency and single-frequency tiering are derived, which involve quick integrals and admit simple closed-forms in special cases. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the accuracy of the expressions. It is observed that the increase in mobility robustness of DC is at the price of control channel SINR degradation. This degradation severely worsens the joint coverage performance under single-frequency tiering, proving multi-frequency tiering a more feasible networking scheme to utilize the advantage of DC effectively. Moreover, the joint coverage probability can be maximized by adjusting the density ratio of small cell and macro cell eNBs under multi-frequency tiering, though changing cell association bias has little impact on the level of the maximal coverage performance.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.133-138
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• 1987

The precise methods applied to adjust plane trilateration nets employ least squares techniques. The observations or the condition equations in these known methods are, without exception, nonlinear. The coefficients of the corrections in the conditions equations methods are lengthy and complicated. This paper presents a new method in which the coefficiets of the corrections of the conditions are simple and can be easily calculated and checked. In this method the measured distances in trilateration nets are considered as elastic members in an internally redundant framework. If the redundant members have measuring errors, axial forces must be applied to fit them in the framework. As a result axial forces will develop in all other members causing changes in their lengths. By applying minimum work techniques one can determine these changes in length which are in fact the required corrections of the measured distances. The result of this study presents that the closing ratio is about 1/145000 and it is improved that this method is useful in analysis plane trilateration nets.