• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1077-1081
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• 2010

In this work, we report the diagnostic relations among some primary pulse conditions such as the floating/sunken, deficient/forceful, large/fine, and the long/short pulses. For this purpose, we carried out a clinical test, in which 11 Oriental medical doctors had participated to diagnose the pulses for 1566 healthy subjects. The subjects were divided into 11 subgroups and each subgroup was allocated to an individual doctor. It resulted in that, for 847 subjects (54%), two or more than two pulse conditions were felt simultaneously, for which we counted the frequency of the pairs of the pulse conditions. For the statistical analysis, we used a Chi-square test. As a result, at high frequency, the forceful, large, and the long pulses were diagnosed in pairs or in their triplet, and a similar close relation was found between the deficient, fine, and the short pulses. The pairwise diagnoses of the pulse conditions between the forceful, large, and the long pulses, and between the deficient, fine, and the short pulses imply their close relatedness in clinics. This result is supported by the theory of deficiency/excess syndromes. Moreover, we show that the close relatedness among the pulse conditions can be understood in terms of the geometric features of the radial artery near the prominent bone. This is the first work which reports the relatedness between the primary pulses by an objective clinical test.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1379-1386
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• 2013

The present work reports the mismatch limit loads for a V-groove welded pipe for a circumferential crack using finite element (FE) analyses. To integrate the effect of groove angles on mismatch limit loads, one geometry-related slenderness parameter was modified by relevant geometric parameters including the groove angle, crack depth, and root opening based on plastic deformation patterns in the theory of plasticity. Circumferential through-wall cracks are located at the centre of the weldments with two different groove angles ($45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$). With regard to the loading conditions, axial (longitudinal) tension and bending are applied for all cases. For the parent and weld metal, elastic-perfectly plastic materials are considered to simulate and analyze under- and over-matching conditions in plasticity. The overall results from the proposed solutions are found to be similar to the FE results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.157-167
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• 2000

Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute performed the basic design of the Ear-Do Ocean Research Station in 1998. The design wave was taken to be the deep water wave which was obtained through wave hindcasting procedure. Wave forces acting on the structure were calculated by Morison formula utilizing the stream function theory of 5th. order. In the present study, a three dimensional hydraulic model testing was undertaken to investigate the validity of the basic design, measuring wave propagation over the Ear-Do, horizontal wave forces and air gaps. The measured forces were all compared by the corresponding values calculated by SACS program based on th design on the design wave. The results showed that in the three deep water wave directions (SSW, S, SE) the measured wave farces appeared less than the SACS calculated. But in the NNW wave direction, the measured forces generally exceeded the calculated values and showed a peculiar pattern very similar to the case that waves are superimposed by an unidirectional current. It was also found that the measured air gap underneath the structure appeared less than the values taken in the basic design for all wave directions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.910-929
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• 2019

This study identifies the effects of the characteristics of an online shopping cart based on the theory of psychological ownership. This study created experimental stimuli similar to the actual fashion website in order to derive the exact emotional and behavioral responses of participants. To test the hypotheses, four experimental groups of 2 (personalization: high / low) × 2 (accessibility: high / low) were formed with between-subject design. We selected 201 women in 20-30s as participants and they responded to an online survey after experiencing website stimuli. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro program. The results show that the effects of personalization of an online shopping cart on the purchase intention of the fashion product in the cart is significant; in addition, the main effect of personalization of cart on consumer's psychological ownership was confirmed. It was also found that the path of personalization of the online shopping cart to purchase intention through psychological ownership was significant. The findings of this study contributes to the extension of online shopping cart research and provide suggestions to recognize the important role of psychological ownership in increasing the purchase conversion rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

In this paper, a series of experiment is performed for a scaled hovering rotor in a semi-anechoic chamber and the results are compared to the noise spectra predicted by using Lowson's loading noise equation and FW-H equation. It was founded that the sound directivity pattern for both experiments and predictions are similar in their trend. Meanwhile the FW-H equation showed better agreement with experiments in the near-field noise spectra, but at the far-field the Lowson's equation performed better. The discrete noise are known to be proportional to the loading on the blades, which can be controlled by collective pitch angle of the blades. It was founded that the predicted spectra with FW-H equation come close to the measured noise spectra in low collective pitch, but in high collective pitch angles the Lowson's equation be more reliable.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.3 s.59
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• pp.58-63
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• 2005

Experimental measurements of flames and the product properties were performed for small kerosene pool fires. which is widely used as a fire source of laboratory scale experiments with scaling modeling. The flame length and flickering frequency were investigated for the flame structures, and compared with the theory. Three measurement methods were introduced to clarify the smoke characteristics, i.e. various gas concentrations, smoke density and thermophoretic sampling with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The yield of carbon dioxide and the consumption of oxygen were proportional to the heat release rate of pool fires, but there is no trend on carbon monoxide emission. Smoke density of turbulent flames was exponentially increased with the heat release rate. The morphology of the soot particle was investigated to address the degree of soot maturing. The results show that the similar smoke morphology between an inverse jet flame and a pool fire exists despite of different combustion controlling mechanisms.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.97-108
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• 2011

Cancer stem cells have stem cell-like features, such as the ability for self-renewal and differentiation but show unlimited growth because they have the lost normal regulation of cell growth. Cancer stem cells and normal stem cells have similar features. They show high motility, diversity of progeny, robust proliferative potential, association with blood vessels, immature expression profiles, nestin expression, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor expression, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, hedgehog pathway activity, telomerase activity, and Wnt pathway activity. On the other hand, with cancer cells, some of these signaling pathways are abnormally modified. In 1875, Cohnheim suggested the concept of cancer stem cells. Recently, evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells was identified. In 1994, the cancer stem cells' specific cell surface marker for leukemia was identified. Since then, other specific cell surface markers for cancer stem cells in solid tumors (e.g. breast and colon cancer) have been identified. In oral cancer, studies on cancer stem cells have been performed mainly with squamous cell carcinomas. Oral cancer specific cell surface markers, which are genes strongly expressed in oral cancer and cancer stem cell specific side populations, have been identified. Cancer stem cells are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, to eliminate malignant tumors efficiently and reduce the recurrence rate, therapy targeting cancer stem cells needs to be performed. Currently, studies targeting the cancer stem cells' specific signaling pathways, telomerase and tumor vasculatures are being done.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.38-50
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• 2000

We are evidently Home Economicus, egoistic rational utility maximiger, and all the capitalism economic situation make us adapt to such life, and recognize that it is rational to act like that. This can be demonstrated in Prisoner′s Dilemma(PD) which always select the non-cooperative choice for free rider in rational selection process of public goods. This paper notice the "what is problem\ulcorner"The problem is not in free rider itself but in free rider egoism. The practical behavior of free rider egoism can be explained by way of Prisoner′s Dilemma. In PD situation, the prisoner makes a rational choice, non-cooperative alternative, but he doesn′arrive at preto-optimality. It is dilemma. Why can′t he arrive \ulcorner Because he is isolated from other prisoner. So we call it prisoner′s dilemma. The PD situation can be compared with our real economic life, which, we think, have kept by rational choice of the public goods. We actually have made our life as an individual one although we organized communities of capitalism. Of course, we know each others as members of same society, but each individual being can′t secure the belief, which has composed basis of community. So, it is very similar and common between PD situation and our real economic life in the production of public goods. We conclude that this non-cooperative process of PD situation can be utilized as instrument of EE. So this non-cooperative process can show us the effectiveness of EE as follows. \circled1 Game situation life PD can be used as good instrument for explaining the rational selection dilemma(error) to Homo-Economicus, the rational agent, with the optimal and rational language. \circled2 We can show that the selection result is dilemma, not arrive pareto - optimality. \circled3 The dilemma can be resolved with accomplishing the good communal life based on the belief, not on the isolation.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.441-446
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• 2005

This paper presents the changes of acoustic scattering pattern from a single cylinder and two identical cylinders in both theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. Bi-static scattering pattern by single cylinder and two parallel cylinders (length 2m, radius 30mm) was measured in $5m\times5m\times5m$ water tank using high frequency projector (120 kHz) and hydrophone. The results show similar agreement between experiment and theory. In case of single cylinder scattering. omni-directional pattern was observed in backward but there are fluctuations or target strength in forward. Interference between each cylinder's scattering fields produce fluctuations of target strength in all directions of two cylinders.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.270-275
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• 2001

We have studied effects of annular phase apodizer and bump shapes on the read-out signal in an optical disc system, using scalar diffraction theory. In order to detennine the optimum parameters of annular phase apodizer which will minimize the influence of spherical aberration, we defined WR as the ratio between the maximum wavefront aberration and some absolute value of wavefront aberration at any position r in the pupil. A cylindric bump, a semi-conic bump and a conic bump were$.$ also considered as different types of bump shape. As the radius and shape of bump varies, the read-out signal from an optical disc system with an annular phase apodizer was similar to that from an optical disc system without apodizer. When spherical aberration increases, the maximum read-out signal of an optical disc system with an annular phase apodizer and minimum bump radii giving read-out signal higher than 0.6 rarely varied. Especially, the optimum parameters at $W_R$ = 0.4 , 0.6 gave the most compensated effect of a spherical aberration.ration.