• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.601-611
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• 2020

The study aims to investigate the impact of ownership structure on corporate voluntary disclosure in the listed companies of Bangladesh. While many studies on the impact of ownership structure on voluntary disclosure have looked at developed and developing countries, few studies have been carried out in a transition economy. Using a three-step relative voluntary disclosure index, the study applies a multivariate analysis on the cross-sectional data for the year 2018. The findings indicate that the quality of voluntary disclosure in transition economy is still below average but has improved compared to findings from the previous literature. We found a significant inverse relationship between corporate voluntary disclosure and public ownership, while no significant relationships between voluntary disclosure and institutional ownership, director ownership, and foreign ownership have been found. The empirical findings of the study will provide evidence to promote the voluntary disclosure characterized by the ownership structures. The findings have important implications for both local and foreign investors as they make their investment decisions especially related to a transition economy. Besides, the findings will assist, not only the corporate executives in rearranging their reporting paradigm, but also the regulators and governments in similar transition economy in adopting and formulating their corporate policies and strategies.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.989-993
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• 2014

The molecular structures of 2,6-diaza-1,3,5,7-tetraoxaspiro[3,3]heptane (1) and its dinitro derivative, 2,6-dinitro-2,6-diaza-1,3,5,7-tetraoxaspiro[3,3]heptane (2), were fully optimized without symmetry constraints at $HF/6-31G^*$ level of theory. A bisected conformation with respect to the ring is preferred with a $C_2$ symmetric structure. The density of each molecule in the crystalline state was estimated to 1.12 and 2.36 $g/cm^3$ using PM3/VSTO-3G calculations from the molecular volume. The heat of formation was calculated for two compounds at the CBS-4M level of theory. The detonation parameters were computed using the EXPLO5 software: D = 6282 m/s, $P_{C-J}$ = 127 kbar for compound 1, D = 7871 m/s, $P_{C-J}$ = 307 kbar for compound 2, and D = 6975 m/s, $P_{C-J}$ = 170 kbar for 60% compound 2 with 40% TNT. Specific impulse of compound 1 in aluminized formulation when used as monopropellants was very similar to that of the conventional ammonium perchlorate in the same formulation of aluminum.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2010

In this paper, we proposed the modified method of Metcalfe's law that is "Modfied law" in evaluating the network power for the measurement of combat effectiveness in C4I system. It is applied to JFOS-K (Joint Fire Operating System-Korea) C4I system that can connect KJCCS (Korea Joint Command and Control System) of Korea armed forces with JADOCS (Joint Automated Deep Operations Coordination System) of U.S. armed forces and achieve sensor to shooter system in real time in JCS (Joint Chiefs of Staff) level. The result of combat effectiveness using Modified law is compared to the one by C2 theory and found that both is similar. This study is meaningful because we improved the description level of reality in calculation of combat effectiveness in C4I system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.247-256
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• 2007

Accessibility is a field of study that has primarily been applied to urban or transportation problems two dimensionally. However, in large complex buildings as shopping centers or hospitals, inter-spatial accessibility among compartments has to be taken into account such as in building layouts or evacuation planning. This study expands space syntax theory, one of accessibility-related methodologies used for computing connectivity in urban or architectural spaces, into 3D indoor spaces. Although space syntax is basically a topology-based theory that does not consider general costs such as distance or time, this study suggests modification that incorporates different types of impedances in moving between places including distances, turns and transfers between floors. The proposed method is applied to a 3D campus building model in computing and displaying the accessibility to exit doors or cohesive accessibility among similar functions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.470-474
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• 2013

Surfaced-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of 4,4'-biphenyldithiol (BPDT) has been investigated at a silver island film. Ordinary Raman (OR) spectra of neat sample in solid state and in basic solution have also been taken for comparison. The spectral feature in the SERS spectrum was similar to that for the OR spectrum in basic solution, except for the broadening of ring stretching bands indicative of the presence of surface-phenyl ring $\pi$ interaction. In contrast, only absence of the C-H stretching band with very small Raman scattering cross-section seemed not pertinent in judging the definitive orientation of molecule. The observed vibrational bands in the SERS spectrum have been assigned by referring to the normal modes and wavenumbers from density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the simple model as 4,4'-biphenyldithiolates bound to two Ag atoms at the both ends. Excellent agreement between the experimental and the calculated results was achieved, which is remarkable considering the level of theory applied.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.311-315
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• 2013

The geometry structures of hexa-coordinated [NiLX]X complexes ($X=Cl^-,\;Br^-,\;I^-$) {L = 8,9,18,19-tetrahydro-7H,17H-dibenzo[f,o] [1,5,9,13]dioxadiaza cyclohexadecine-8,18-diol} are optimized by density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/LANL2DZ. The calculated geometric parameters are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values. Calculation results about these complexes show that dipole moment decreases, and the energy levels of HOMOs descend from iodo-complex to chloro-complex. The energy levels of HOMOs descend gently from iodo-complex to chloro-complex, while the energy levels of LUMOs in the present complexes are almost similar; therefore the energy gapes between HOMOs and LUMOs increased from iodo-complex to chloro-complex.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.110-117
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• 2002

In a strengthened bridge deck which received increased service loads, failure patterns of bridge deck vary depending on deck thickness, compressive strength of concrete, yielding strength of reinforcement, reinforcement ratio and additional strengthening ratio. General failure pattern that is most commonly reported as punching shear failure after the main rebar yields, followed by yielding of distributing rebar. In this paper, by Proposing a limit to the amount of strengthening material, a brittle failure can be prevented and a ductile failure mode similar to that developed in unstrengthened deck is derived. In order to calculated the limit strengthening ratio, the yield line theory and previously proposed plastic punching shear model have been used

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.8
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• pp.1164-1171
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• 2012

Recently, machine olfactory systems as an artificial substitute of the human olfactory system are being studied actively because they can scent dangerous gases and identify the type of gases in contamination areas instead of the human. In this paper, we present an effective design method for the gas identification system. Even though dimensionality reduction is the very important part, in pattern analysis, We handled effectively the dimensionality reduction by grouping the sensors of which the measured patterns are similar each other, where genetic algorithms were used for combination optimization. To identify the gas type, we constructed the hierarchical rule base with two frames by using rough set theory. The first frame is to accept measurement characteristics of each sensor and the other one is to reflect the identification patterns of each group. Thus, the proposed methods was able to accomplish effectively dimensionality reduction as well as accurate gas identification. In simulation, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed methods by identifying five types of gases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.4 s.72
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• pp.20-28
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• 2005

In this paper, the methodology for the reliability estimation of buried pipeline with longitudinal gouges and dent is presented and the limit state of buried pipeline is formulated by failure assessment diagram(FAD). The reliability of buried pipeline with defects has been estimated by using a theory of failure probability. The failure probability is calculated by using the FORM(first order reliability method) and Monte Carlo simulation. The results out of two procedures have been compared each other. It is found that the FORM and Monte Carlo simulation give similar results for varying boundary conditions and various random variables. Furthermore, it is also recognized that the failure probability increases with increasing of dent depth, gouge depth, gouge length, operating pressure, pipe outside radius and decreasing the wall thickness. And it is found that the analysis by using the failure assessment diagram gives highly conservative results than those by using the theory of failure probability.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.531-541
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• 2016

Cerebral atrophy affects the brain and is a common feature of patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's diseases. It is evaluated by the radiologist or reader based on patient's history, age and the space between the brain and the skull as indicated by magnetic resonance (MR) images. A total of 70 patients were scanned in the supine and prone positions before three radiologist assessed their atrophy level. This study examined the radiologist's assessment of the cerebral atrophy level using a graded response model of item response theory (IRT). A graded response model (GRM) is fitted to our data and then item-fit and person-fit statistics are evaluated to assess the fitted model. Our analysis found that the cerebral atrophy level is better discriminated by readers in the prone position because all item slopes were greater than 2 at this position, versus the supine position where all the slope parameters were less than 1. However, the thresholds are very similar for the first reader and are quite different for the second and third readers because the scanning position affects readers differently as the category threshold estimates vary considerably between the readers..