• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2022

Globally, as population growth and economic development continue, resource consumption is increasing rapidly. As an alternative to electric vehicles was suggested as the environmental pollution problem emerged, the number of registered electric vehicles in Korea increased by more than 137 times compared to 2013. Secondary batteries are expected to expand into various markets such as small IT devices and electric vehicles, and the most important part of electric vehicles is the battery (secondary battery). Therefore, in this study, to analyze the stability of the CSM (Classifier Separator Mill) grinding disc that crushes secondary battery raw materials, structural analysis and vibration analysis of the 1st to 4th grinding discs and the final model were performed. The change of bending by the weight of the Grinding Disc is at least 0.065㎛ and maximum 0.075㎛, and the change by the standard gravity is judged to be very low. The strain is at least 0.00031㎛/㎛ and maximum 0.00078㎛/㎛, and even if the number of Hamer increases, the change by the weight is judged to be insignificant. When the Grinding Disc rotates at a maximum of 6000rpm, the deformation and deformation rate of the first to third models are similar, but the fourth model (Hamer 10EA) is more than three times and the final model (Hamer 12EA) is about four times. However, the maximum deformation is 28.21㎛, which is considered to be insignificant when the change is 6000rpm. Six modes of natural Frequency analysis of the 1st~4th order and final model of the grinding disc appeared to be bent or twisted.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.103-111
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• 2013

Objectives : Herbal medicines were used a lot in the Northeast Asia, traditionally. However, the pharmacopoeia standards in South Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, and North Korea including many other Asia are different and cause confusion. If the origins are not belonging to same genus, it should be careful to distinguish. In this study, herbal medicines in the pharmacopoeia were analyzed for different genus of origins in order to identify the disruptive items for each country. Methods : The scientific names of herbal medicines (plant based) was analyzed origins from Pharmacopoeias of Republic of Korea, People's Republic of China, Japan, Taiwan, and Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The origins specified differently were examined. Especially, the items which have different genus were analyzed in detail and confirmed for correct scientific name. Results : The analyzed herbal medicines in Pharmacopoeia were all 753 items. 320 items were in only one country's Pharmacopoeia. 237 items were in more than two countries' Pharmacopoeia, but their origins were same on each other. The items which have different genus were 35 items. Conclusions : In general, species belonging to the same genus have similar ecological, morphological, and pharmacological activity. However, species with different genus may have different medicinal ingredients and pharmacological activity. Thus, the items which have same name but different genus are required to analyze for comparison of pharmacological activity. Also, other species belonging to the different genus should be used for different items.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

Objectives : Kyeongok-go has the effect of antioxidant, anti-cancer, improving fatigue, and hyperlipidemia, but it is not easy to use in clinical practice becausee of the complicated manufacturing process of heat control and moisture control. The aim of this study was to explore the lipid improvement effect of new manufacturing methods prodeced Kyeongok-go in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods : The SD rats were divided randomly into 8 groups of six animals each : Normal rats (Nor), hyperlipidemia rats (Con), hyperlipidemia rats treated with Spirulina 60 mg/kg(SP60), hyperlipidemia rats treated with Commercial Kyeongok-go 1 g/kg (K0), hyperlipidemia rats treated with Kyeongok-go manufactured by heating mantle 1 g/kg (K1), hyperlipidemia rats treated with ginseng fermentation Kyeongok-go 1 g/kg (KF), hyperlipidemia rats treated with Kyeongok-go with black ginseng 1 g/kg (BK), hyperlipidemia rats treated with black ginseng fermentation Kyeongok-go 1 g/kg (BKF). The experimental group induced hyperlipidemia by eating high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. Also, we compared Kyeongok-go manufacturing method using the new method compared with traditional method. Results : As a result, the improvement effect of hyperlipemia using the new method showed the similar or better improvement effect compared with the conventional method, and it is considered that the Kyeongok-go manufacturing method using the new method can be substituted for the traditional Kyeongok-go manufacturing method. Conclusion : In conclusion, these results suggest that new manufacturing methods prodeced Kyeongok-go has the potential as a anti-hyperlipidemia material which possess lipid improvement activities.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.67-72
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• 2018

Objectives : Natural extracts have been extensively studied to replace single agent drugs that cause a variety of side effects. However, studies of changes to the formulation of natural extracts has not been nearly proceed. We aimed to investigate whether pharmacological stability of hyeonggaeyeongyotang gagambang (HYT) is altered by formulation changes for foaming tablet. Methods : In this study, we performed freeze - drying of HYT, which is known to have antioxidant and anti - inflammatory properties, and then changed the formulation by foaming. Results : As a result, the foaming reaction appeared normally when HYT foamed tablets were put into water, and almost all of the substances were dissolved in the aqueous solution. In addition, we confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatograph that the geniposide used as an indicator material of HYT was stable in most of the formulations. It was confirmed that the change of HYT formulation did not affect the antioxidant efficacy by the 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid assay. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that the inhibitory effect of HYT on IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA expression induced by lipopolysaccharides treatment in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells was similar in the solution of foaming tablet. Conclusions : These results suggest that the materials with various pharmacological effects can be stably maintained even when the formulation is changed by the foaming action of HYT. Our results are expected to provide important basic knowledge on formulation changes using various natural extracts.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

Objectives : This study investigated the anti-oxidant activities and improving effect of Phellinus linteus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Extract (PGE) on Atopic Dermatitis. Methods : 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical, Hydrogen peroxides scavenging activities and Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities were used for the measurement of anti-oxidant ability. Cytotoxicity of PGE in Raw 264.7 cell was evaluated by MTT assay. To evaluate the anti-atopic dermatitis effect of PGE, a total of 33 patients with atopic dermatitis were observed trans epidermal water loss, skin moisture content, modified SCORAD index of atopic dermatitis and pruritic degree after applying the PGE for 4 weeks. Results : PGE scavenged DPPH ($IC_{50}=25ppm$) effectively, ABTS and Hydrogenperoxides scavenged similar to BHA. As for the SOD-like activity, it had lower effect than ascorbic acid, but it comparable activities in 500ppm. There was no cytotoxicity at PGE at concentrations of 10,000ppm. In clinical research about PGE on patients with atopic dermatitis, skin condition was improved. After 4 weeks, the application of PGE increased skin moisture content from 19.43 to 31.22. Moreover, it reduced the skin temperature (from 32.5 to 31.9), skin pH (from 5.39 to 5.22), trans epidermal water loss (from 39.03 to 24.46) and pruritus score (from 6.07 to 3.87). In addition, the Modified SCORAD index decreased from 31.28 to 20.3. Conclusions : In conclusion, PGE possesses anti-oxidant and anti-atopic dermatitis activities, thus it could be potentially valuable as anti-atopic dermatitis material.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.583-593
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• 2022

Cacao is recognized not only as a raw material for making chocolate but also as an excellent functional food with a high antioxidant effect. The consumption of raw cacao and its processed form of cacao has a beneficial effect on health. The aim of this study was to reveal the possible biological functions of yoghurt that was prepared with added cacao nibs (Theobroma cacao L.). The 2,2-anziobis (3-ehtylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic aicd (ABTS) radical scavenging ability of yogurt containing Cacao nibs from 1 to 5% was higher than that of the control group, and the ABTS radical scavenging ability was similar in all the test groups after 12 hours of fermentation. The antibacterial activity of the control and yogurt with the cacao nibs was shown to be very strong against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus 1631, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella Typhimurium M-15 in fermented milk for 16, 24, and 48 hours, but the fermentation times at 0, 4, and 8 hours showed no activity. The Cacao nibs powder inhibited IκBα-phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. The yogurt containing the cacao nibs significantly inhibited the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner. Our development of yogurt that combines milk as a complete food and cacao nibs, which has several physiological functions, is expected to greatly contribute to research on new functional fermented milk.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.295-310
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• 2022

The Weolaksan and Sokrisan granites yield high SiO₂ and alkali (Na₂O+K₂O) contents and low CaO and P₂O₅ contents. The Al saturation index is ≥1.3, which indicates that the granites are peraluminous. The mean U and Th contents are 8.3 and 39.3 ppm, respectively, higher than typical Mesozoic granites in South Korea and about twice the global mean for granitic rocks. The causes of such high radioelement contents are related to high degrees of fractionation and the crustal origin of the granites. U- and Thbearing radioactive minerals occur in the granites include zircon, thorite, monazite, xenotime, fergusonite and uraninite. The fact that the mean Th/U ratio of the granites (5.4) is similar to the global average crustal value suggests that the radioelement contents of granite were controlled by the crustal source material. Given the correlation of Zr, Y, and heavy rare earth elements for U and Th, radioelements are more likely hosted by xenotime than zircon and monazite.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.57-62
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• 2003

The Mechanical and drying characteristics of Pinus densiflora wood, which was damaged by forest fire, and sound wood were examined. There were no significant differences in axial compressive properties, shearing strength and impact bending absorbed energy between damaged and sound woods. But the bending properties of damaged wood were slightly higher than those of sound wood. The green moisture content of sapwood in damaged wood was lower than that in sound wood, but oven-drying rate was similar in both woods. Number of initial check in damaged wood was smaller than that in sound wood, and inner check in damaged and sound woods was not observed. Consequently, it is considered that mostly damaged wood by forest fire can be used for wood material after removing the bark.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.3910-3917
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• 2021

Reactor fuel's power distribution plays a vital role in designing the new generation thermionic Space Reactor Power Systems (SRPS). In this paper, the 1/12th SPACE-R's full reactor core was numerically analyzed with two kinds of different axial power distribution, to identify their impacts on thermal-hydraulic and thermoelectric characteristics. In the benchmark study, the maximum error between numerical results and existing data or design values ranged from 0.2 to 2.2%. Four main conclusions were obtained in the numerical analysis: a) The axial power distribution has less impact on coolant temperature. b) Axial power distribution influenced the emitter temperature distribution a lot, when the core power was cosine distributed, the maximum temperature of the emitter was 194 K higher than that of the uniform power distribution. c) Comparing to the cosine axial power distribution, the uniform axial power distribution would make the maximum temperature in each component of the reactor core much lower, reducing the requirements for core fuel material. d) Voltage and current distribution were similar to the axial electrode temperature distribution, and the axial power distribution has little effect on the output power.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose an example of designing and constructing a roof-type solar power plant structure equipped with a Pseudo-BIPV (Building-Integrated Photovoltaic) shape suitable for use as a roof of a small warehouse with a sandwich-type panel structure. As the characteristics of the roof-type solar power generation facility to be installed in the small warehouse proposed in this study, the shape of the roof is not a general A type, but a right-angled triangle shape with the slope is designed to face south. We chose a structure in which an inverter for one power plant and a control facility are linked by grouping several roofs of buildings. In addition, the height of the roof structure is less than 20 cm from the floor, and it has a shape similar to that of the BIPV, so it is building-friendly because it is almost in close contact with the roof. At the same time, the roof creates a reflective light source due to the white color. By linking this roof with a double-sided solar panel, we designed it to obtain both the advantage of the roof-friendliness and the advantage of efficiency improvement for the electric power generation based on the double-sided panel. Compared to the existing solar power generation facilities using A-shaped cross-sectional modules, the power generation efficiency of roofs in this case is increased by more than 11%, which we can confirm, through the comparison analysis of monitoring data between power plants in the same area. Therefore, if the roof-type solar structure suitable for the small warehouse we have presented in this paper is used, the facilities of electric power generation is eco-friendly. Further it is easier to obtain facility certification compared to the BIPV, and improved capacity of the power generation can be secured at low material cost. It is believed that the roof-type solar power generation facility we proposed can be usefully used for warehouse or factory-based smart housing. Sensor devices for monitoring, CCTV monitoring, or safety and environment management, operating in connection with the solar power generation facilities, are linked with the Internet of Things (IoT) solution, so they can be monitored and controlled remotely.