• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-43
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• 2006

Lamerin breed of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. is the only mulberry silkworm breed which survives with an associated microsporidian $(Lb_{ms})$ infection from generations. This present comparative investigation has produced information on the influence of $Lb_{ms}$ on the growth and development of the breed. The $Lb_{ms}$ transmits tranovarially as well as perorally at low level. Larvae developed from the eggs laid by female, infected with $Lb_{ms}$ were as normal as larvae developed from the eggs laid by healthy female. In infected tissues early developmental stages and mature spores located intracellularly but did not show hypertrophy of cells of the host. The meronts and sporonts measures $0.46{\pm}0.25,\;1.11{\pm}0.05{\mu}m$ in length and $0.32{\pm}0.05,\;0.78{\pm}0.10{\mu}m$ in width respectively. The mature spore measures $4.36{\pm}0.06{\mu}m$ in length and $2.14{\pm}0.01{\mu}m$ in width.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2000

The mitochondrial genome of domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori) was mapped with five restriction endonucleases (BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, PstI and XbaI), the entire genome was cloned with HindIII and EcoRI. From the end sequencing results of 5$^1$and 3$^1$region for full genome set of eleven mitochondrial clones, the seven mitochondrial genes (NADH dehydrogenase 6, ATPase 6, ATPase 8, tRN $A^{Lys}$, tRN $A^{Asp}$, tRN $A^{Thr}$ and tRN $A^{Phe}$ of mori were identified on the basis of their nucleotide sequence homology. The nucleotide composition of NADH dehydrogenase 6 was heavily biased towards adenine and thymine, which accounted for 87.76%. On basis of the sequence similarity with published tRNA genes from six insect species, the tRN $A^{Lys}$, tRN $A^{Asp}$ and tRN $A^{Thr}$ were showed stable canonical clover-leaf tRNA structures with acceptible anticodons. However, both the DHU and T$\psi$C arms of tRN $A^{Phe}$ could not form any stable stem-loop structure. The two overlapping gene pairs (tRN $A^{Lys}$ -tRN $A^{ASP}$ and ATPase8-ATPase6) were found from our sequencing results. The genes are encoded on the same strad. ATPase8 and ATPase6 overlaps (ATGATAA) which are a single example of overlapping events between abutted protein-coding genes are common, and there is evidence that the two proteins are transcribed from a single bicistronic message by initiation at 5$^1$terminal start site for ATPase8 and at an internal start site for ATPase6. Ultimately, this result will provide assistance in designing oligo-nucleotides for PCR amplification, and sequencing the specific mitochondrial genes for phylogenetics of geographic races, genetically improved silkworm strains and wild silkworm (mandarina) which is estimated as ancestal of domesticated silkworm.sticated silkworm.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2011

Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in many cellular signaling pathways, it participates in many physiological processes, such as cell cycle, growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. To investigate the effect of PKC on the silkworm midgut tissue infection of Bombyx mori parvo-like virus (BmPLV), a B. mori atypical protein kinase C (BmaPKC) gene was cloned from larval midgut tissue, expressed in E. coli and purified. Additionally, the BmPLV susceptible silkworm strain and resistant silkworm strain were used to test the effect of the B. mori infection on BmPLV. The result showed that BmaPKC encodes a predicted 586 amino acid protein, which contains a C-terminal kinase domain and an N-terminal regulatory domain. The maximum expression amount of the soluble (His)6-tagged fusion protein was detected after 0.8 mmol/L IPTG was added and cultured at $21^{\circ}C$. The (His) 6-tagged fusion protein revealed about 73 kDa molecular weight which confirmed by western blot and mass spectrography. Furthermore BmaPKC protein were detected at 0-72 h post-infection in BmPLVinfected larval midgut tissue, western blot showed that as time went on, the expression of BmaPKC increased gradually in susceptible strain, the expression quantity on 72 h is 5 times of 0 h. However, in resistant strain, the expression quantity is slightly lower than susceptible strain. But no significant change in resistant strain was observed as time went on. The available data suggest that BmaPKC may involve in the regulation of BmPLV proliferation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.150-152
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• 2000

The investigation of electroantennogram (EAG) using insect antennad has been primarily focused on the measurement of insect pheromone. Insect has highly specialized olfactroy receptors inside their antennae. In this paper, EAG was applied to detect general oborants and the feasibility of this system for the olfactroy biosensor was investigated. Electroantennogram measurement was carried out using the antennae of male silkworm moth, bombyx mori, and ammonia gas as the model odorant. EAG parametres including peak ampiltude increased linearly with the ammonia concentration and the reproducible electrical signals were generated at least for 2 hrs after the antenna was cut off from the sulkworm moth.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 2009

The effect of mating duration and multiple use of male on fecundity and fertility was investigated in the hybrids of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. One hour to five hours of mating duration did not affect egg laying (fecundity) significantly, while fertilization affected significantly. Below 50% fertility was noticed when mating duration was reduced to below two hours. Similarly multiple use of male caused significant reduction in fertility but not fecundity. Till fourth mating no significant reduction in fertility was observed, thereafter fertility reduced considerably.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2009

An in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of certain botanicals viz., rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and leaves of amla (Phyllanthus emblica), asparagus (Asparagus racemosus), bael (Aegle marmelos), boerhavia (Boerhavia diffusa), garlic (Allium sativum) and basil (Oscimum basicilum) against bacterial pathogens viz., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella cloacae, of silkworm, Bombyx mori. Asparagus and basil, amla and boerhavia, basil and bael at concentration of 20, 000 ppm showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., K. cloacae respectively, both in vitro and in vivo studies.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.188-190
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• 1995

The eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, were treated topically with 10-3, 1-0-4, 10-5 aqueous Insegar and the hatchability was checked. The chemical affected all the tested developmental stages, but the results varied according to the stages and the degree of density. The hatchability was reduced upto 0% for the eggs treated at the 1 and 3 day stages, compared to 97% of control eggs.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2004

By using PAGE, a study was made on the nonspecific esterase spectra of female genital organs and eggs in Bombyx mori L. The expression of 11 esterase bands was detected during ontogenesis of races and inter-races hybrids kept in Bulgaria. The gene activity of 9 esterase loci was assumed. Esterases specific for the spectrum of diapausing eggs were observed. In two esterase zones, intra- and inter-breed polymorphism was found. Based on the same breed specific expression, the existence of correspondence between esterase bands from spectra of different silkworm tissues and organs was suggested. Stage-specific expression of esterases in female genital glands, indicative of differentiated gene activity during ontogenesis, was established.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.131-134
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to establish whether there are differences in the productivity of the same silkworm(Bombyx mori L.) parthenoclones, obtained by two different methods-thermal and combined, as well as to study their genotype structure by several enzyme loci. It was established that all individuals of parthenoclones Joana, Joana(${\downarrow}{\uparrow}$), Pohi and Pohi(${\downarrow}{\uparrow}$), are homozygous by the studied esterase and phosphoglucomutase loci, which substantiated the clones' genetic stability. By comparative analysis of some biological and technological properties, it was found that parthenoclone Pohi(${\downarrow}{\uparrow}$) obtained by low-high temperature activation is characterized by higher values of these properties as compared to parthenoclone Pohi obtained by thermal parthenogenesis. Comparing the two methods of inducing ameiotic parthenogenetic development, we would recommend that parthenoclone Joana is sustained by thermal parthenogenesis, and parthenoclone Pohi-by the combined method (low-high temperature).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

Under Light and Scanning electron microscope, the pupal morphology of mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori Linn. revealed the prothorax and metathorax, well developed mesothorax, less defined last pair of sporacle, well exposed prothoracic femora and wing pads approaching the anterior margin of Ab III. The important sex separating characters viz, wegiht, antennal elevations, intersegmental lines and genings have discussed. Further, two separate openings bursa copulatrix and ovipositional opening were observed, performing different functions in abult moth.