• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.375-390
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression ofIGF-I, considered as the mediator of action of estrogen, and IGF-IA and IGF-IB, alternative slicing form of IGF-I, using $17{\beta}-estradiol$ in MC3T3-E1 cells. We observed the effect on type I collagen and osteopontin gene expression and DNA synthetic activity of MC3T3-E1 cells, added by estrogen, IGF-I and combination and the interactionon proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The results were as follows :RT-PCR experiment for observing timedependantIGF-I gene expression patternshowed IGF-IA and IB gene expression in both of control and test group. In these IGF-IA gene expression was appeared predominantly. In control, IGF-I geneexpression level was maintained until 24hr and then decreased gradually. In testgroup, IGF-I gene expression level increased as time goes by. Experiment measuring DNA synthetic activity, as it is added by $17{\beta}-estradiol$, IGF-I and combination, showed that first day , there was the tendency of more increase of synthetic activity in all test group than control but no statical significance(P>0.05), and third day, there was more increase of DNA synthetic activity in $17{\beta}-estradiol$ group and combination group and it was statically significant. (P<0.005) Experiment for observing type I collagen gene expression pattern showed more increase of expression in $17{\beta}-estradiol$ group than control and no significant difference in IGF-I group and combination group. Experiment for observing osteopontin gene expression pattern showed no significant difference in control and test group. In conclusion, $17{\beta}-estradiol$ in MC3T3- E1 cells increased IGF-I gene and DNA synthetic activity simultaneously, therefore it appeared that IGF-I is related to the action of estrogen. Combination treatment of IGF-I and $17{\beta}-estradiol$ has effect on cell proliferation but this effect is lower than IGF-I or $17{\beta}-estradiol$ alone. However, combination treatment has not great effect on type I collagen or osteopontin gene expression thus little effect of cell differentiation.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1991

After dividing 372 Korean people of 47 different family names into 307 people of 28 indigenous family name groups and 65 people of 19 immigrated family name groups and investigating Pr. Db, Pa gene frequency of each family name groups based on phenotype of parotid saliva character the author have got following conclusions. 1. The gene frequencies of indigenous family name groups were Pr1=0.686, Pr2=0.314, Pr gene frequencies of immigrated family name groups were Pr1=0.7, Pr2=0.3. 2. The gene frequencies of indigenous family name groups were Db==0.021, Db-=0.979, Pr gene frequencies of immigrated family name groups were Db+=0.023, Db-=0.977. 3. The gene frequencies of indigenous family name groups were Pa+=0.248, Pa-=0.752, Pr gene frequencies of immigrated family name groups were Pa+=0.206, Pa-=0.794. 4. The Pr gene frequencies of immigrated family name groups were in the middle of those of Chinese people and indigenous people groups. 5. There was no significant difference of Db gene frequencies between indigenous and immigrated family name groups. 6. Pa gene frequencies of immigrated family name groups were similar to those of Chinese people.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2004

For the safety evaluation of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, we investigated differential gene expressions after transfecting adenoviral vector containing p16 tumor suppressor gene (Ad5CMV-p16) into human non-small cell lung cancer cells. In the previous study, we showed adenovirus-mediated $p16^{INK4a}$ gene transfer resulted in significant inhibition of cancer cell growth. We investigated gene expression changes after transfecting Ad5CMV-p16, Ad5CMV (null type, a mock vector) into A549 cells by using cDNA chip and oligonucleotide microarray chip (1200 genes) which carries genes related with signal transduction pathways, cell cycle regulations, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. We found that $p16^{INK4a}$ gene transfer down regulated 5 genes (cdc2, cyclin D3, cyclin B, cyclin E, cdk2) among 26 genes involved in cell cycle regulations. Compared with serum-free medium treated cells, Ad5CMV-p16 changed 27 gene expressions, two fold or more on oligonucleotide chip. In addition, Ad5CMV-p16 did not seem to increase the tumorigenicity-related gene expression in A549 cells. Further studies will be needed to investigate the effect of Ad5CMV-p16 on normal human cells and tissues for safety evaluation.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2003

To generate expressed sequence tags for genomics research involving genetic linkage analysis, to examine gene expression profiles in muscles of channel catfish in a non-normalized muscle cDNA library, to compare gene expression in young and mature channel catfish muscles using the EST reagents and gene filters to demonstrate the feasibility of functional genomics research in small laboratories. 102 randomly picked cDNA clones were analyzed from the catfish muscle cDNA library. Of the sequences generated, 90.2% of ESTs was identified as known genes by identity comparisons. These 92 clones of known gene products represent transcriptional products of 24 genes. The 10 clones of unknown gene products represent 8 genes. The major transcripts (70.1% of the analyzed ESTs) in the catfish muscle are from many major genes involved in muscle contraction, relaxation, energy metabolism and calcium binding such as alpha actin, creatine kinase, parvalbumin, myosin, troponins, and tropomyosins. Gene expression of the unique ESTs was comparatively studied in the young and adult catfish muscles. Significant differences were observed for aldolase, myostatin, myosin light chain, parvalbumin, and an unknown gene. While myosin light chain and an unknown gene (CM 192) are down-regulated in the mature fish muscle, the aldolase, myostatin, and parvalbumin are significantly up-regulated in the mature fish muscle. Although the physiological significance of the changes in expression levels needs to be further addressed, this research demonstrates the feasibility and power of functional genomics in channel catfish. Channel catfish muscle gene expression profiles provide a valuable molecular muscle physiology blueprint for functional comparative genomics.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2005

Leptin, the product of the obesity (ob) gene, is synthesized in adipocytes or fat cells and has been implicated in the regulation of food intake, energy balance and body composition in mammals. Therefore, the leptin gene could be a candidate gene controlling fat deposition, meat quality and carcass traits in cattle. In this study the microsatellite genotypes for leptin gene were determined and their effects on carcass traits and meat quality were estimated in Korean cattle. Six different microsatellite alleles within leptin gene were identified and gene frequencies of 173, 177, 184, 186, 190 and 192 bp alleles were 0.012, 0.308, 0.067, 0.260, 0.342 and 0.016, respectively. The microsatellite marker of the leptin gene showed a significant association with the carcass percentage (CP) and marbling score (MS). Animals with genotypes 192/192 and 177/184 had higher CP than animals with other genotypes. Animals with genotypes 184/192 and 177/184 had higher MS compared with animals with other genotypes. Thus, the results suggest that the 177, 184 and 192 bp alleles may be associated with increased carcass percentage and intramuscular fat levels. No associations were found between the microsatellite genotypes of the leptin gene and other carcass traits such as carcass weight (CW), backfat thickness (BF) and M. longissimus dorsi area (LDA). In conclusion, the microsatellite markers of the leptin gene may be useful for marker-assisted selection of carcass traits and meat quality in Korean cattle.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.38.1-38.9
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• 2020

Chronotype is an important moderator of psychiatric illnesses, which seems to be controlled in some part by genetic factors. Clock genes are the most relevant genes for chronotype. In addition to the roles of individual genes, gene-gene interactions of clock genes substantially contribute to chronotype. We investigated genetic associations and gene-gene interactions of the clock genes BHLHB2, CLOCK, CSNK1E, NR1D1, PER1, PER2, PER3, and TIMELESS for chronotype in 1,293 healthy Korean individuals. Regression analysis was conducted to find associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and chronotype. For gene-gene interaction analyses, the quantitative multifactor dimensionality reduction (QMDR) method, a nonparametric model-free method for quantitative phenotypes, were performed. No individual SNP or haplotype showed a significant association with chronotype by both regression analysis and single-locus model of QMDR. QMDR analysis identified NR1D1 rs2314339 and TIMELESS rs4630333 as the best SNP pairs among two-locus interaction models associated with chronotype (cross-validation consistency [CVC] = 8/10, p = 0.041). For the three-locus interaction model, the SNP combination of NR1D1 rs2314339, TIMELESS rs4630333, and PER3 rs228669 showed the best results (CVC = 4/10, p < 0.001). However, because the mean differences between genotype combinations were minor, the clinical roles of clock gene interactions are unlikely to be critical.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2857-2861
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• 2014

More and more evidence indicates that the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene might be associated with susceptibility to breast carcinoma in humans being. However, individually published results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma risk. A complete search strategy was done by the electronic databases including PubMed and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. A meta-analysis including seven individual studies was carried out in order to explore the association between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene polymorphisms and breast carcinoma. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma risk were assessed by the random-effects model. A significant relationship between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma was discovered in an allelic genetic model (OR: 1.214, 95%CI: 1.085-1.358, p=0.001), a homozygote model (OR: 1.663, 95%CI: 1.240-2.232, p=0.001), a heterozygote model (OR: 1.392, 95%CI: 1.190-1.629, p=0.000), a recessive genetic model (OR: 1.407, 95%CI: 1.060-1.868, p=0.018) and a dominant genetic model (OR: 1.427, 95%CI: 1.228-1.659, p=0.000). On sub-group analysis based on ethnicity, significance was observed between the European group and the mixed group. A significant relationship was found between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma risk. Individuals with the A allele of the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene are under a higher risk for breast carcinoma.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1515-1520
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• 2012

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene is important for regulation of growth and development in mammals. The present investigation was carried out to study DNA polymorphism by PCR-RFLP of IGFBP-3 gene and its effect on fibre traits of Chinese Inner Mongolian cashmere goats. The fibre traits data investigated were cashmere fibre diameter, combed cashmere weight, cashmere fibre length and guard hair length. Four hundred and forty-four animals were used to detect polymorphisms in the hircine IGFBP-3 gene. A 316-bp fragment of the IGFBP-3 gene in exon 2 was amplified and digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme. Three patterns of restriction fragments were observed in the populations. The frequency of AA, AB and BB genotypes was 0.58, 0.33 and 0.09 respectively. The allelic frequency of the A and B allele was 0.75 and 0.25 respectively. Nucleotide sequencing revealed a C>G transition in the exon 2 region of the IGFBP-3 gene resulting in R158G change which caused the polymorphism. Least squares analysis revealed a significant effect of genotypes on cashmere weight (p<0.0001), cashmere fibre length (p<0.001) and hair length (p<0.05) of the animals. The effect of genotypes on cashmere fibre diameter was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The animals of AB and BB genotypes showed higher cashmere weight, cashmere fibre length and hair length than the animals possessing AA genotype. These results suggested that polymorphisms in the hircine IGFBP-3 gene might be a potential molecular marker for cashmere weight in cashmere goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1085-1089
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to confirm a location of the calpastatin (CAST) gene in chromosome 2 and to detect associations of genetic variations with economic traits in the porcine CAST gene as a candidate gene for growth and meat quality traits in pigs. Calpastatin is a specific endogenous inhibitor of calpains. The calpain protease system is ubiquitous, and is involved in numerous growth and metabolic processes. Three single nucleotide variations were identified within a 1.6 kb fragment of the porcine CAST gene and these polymorphisms were used for genetic linkage mapping. Linkage and QTL mapping were performed with the National Livestock Research Institute (NLRI) reference families using eight microsatellites and SNP makers in the CAST gene. The porcine CAST gene was mapped adjacent to the markers, SW395 and SW1695 on SSC2 with LOD scores of 15.32 and 8.50, respectively. According to the QTL mapping, a significant association was detected at 82 cM between SW395 and CAST-Hinf I for weight at the age of 30 weeks. In addition, an association study was performed with the $F_2$ animals of NLRI reference families for Hinf I, Msp I and Rsa I polymorphisms in the CAST gene. Two polymorphisms, CAST-Rsa I and CAST-Hinf I, showed significant correlation for growth traits at p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.937-942
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects on growth and muscle development during the growing period of the sex-linked dwarf gene in the background of a Taiwan Country chicken strain, L2, selected for egg production. Eight crossbred males, heterozygous for the DW*DW mutation, were each backcrossed to six females of the L2 strain to produce two genotypes of BC females, either normal (DW*N+/-) or dwarf (DW*DW/-). The experiment included 251 normal and 207 dwarf pullets. The effect of the dwarf gene on body weight and shank length was highly significant from 2 weeks of age. The reduction of body weight by the dwarf gene reached 34.8% and 37.4% as compared to normal sibs at 16 and 20 weeks of age, respectively. Parameters of the growth curve were estimated: the age at inflection (TI) was higher in normal pullets (66.9 days) than in dwarf pullets (61.2 days). A significant effect of the dwarf gene on single muscle fiber cross-section area was found from 12 weeks of age onwards, whereas the dwarf gene had no effect on the total number of muscle fibers. Comparing the effect of the dwarf gene on shank length at different ages revealed an earlier effect on skeleton growth, observed from 2 weeks of age, than on muscle development, which was affected from 8 to 12 weeks of age.