• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

본 연구에서 개발된 시험법은 고감도를 가지고 선택성이 뛰어난 LC/MS/MS를 이용함으로서 한번의 시료 전처리와 동시 분석을 통하여 아미노글리코사이드계 항생제 5종의 잔류량 분석을 가능케 하였다(15,16). 개발된 시험법은 CODEX의 가이드라인에 따라 검량선의 직선성, 회수율, 정성한계 및 정량한계, 정확성 및 정밀성 등을 고찰하여 시험법의 실효성을 검증하였다. 확립된 시험법을 이용하여 돼지고기, 닭고기, 쇠고기 등 총 250건을 분석한 결과 5건이 검출되었으며 검출율은 2%로서 검출된 양은 모두 각각의 잔류허용기준보다 낮은 수준이었으나 한 시료에서 겐타마이신과 디하이드로스트렙토마이신이 동시 검출되었다. 이 결과는 여러 종류의 항생제들을 동시에 처방하고 있다는 사실을 입증하고 있다. 그러나, 기기분석을 이용하여 아미노글리코사이드계 항생제의 잔류량 실태조사 결과 검출율 및 검출량이 낮은 안전한 수준이었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.366-372
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• 2020

Since, side effects of antibiotics are frequently emphasized these days, their use is gradually diminishing, and alternative drugs are being developed. We have sought to reintroduce them as raw materials for human health as conventional 'weapons' that have been retired after their historical duties. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of lincomycin (LIN), on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Our findings show that LIN potently inhibited production of LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), without cytotoxicity. Consistent with these findings, LIN strongly decreased protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). Furthermore, LIN reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. To further elucidate the mechanisms of these inhibitory effects of LIN, we studied LPS-induced IκB-α degradation, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. LIN suppressed downregulation of inhibitory κB (IκB-α) degradation, and the phosphorylation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Based on these results, we suggest that LIN may be considered a potential candidate as an anti-inflammatory cosmetic or a medicine for human health.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 1978

Rifampicin has been widely hailed as the most effective antituberculosis antibiotics since the clinical use of streptomycin, but its immunosuppressive side effect was still annoying problem to be excluded. These studies were carried out to determine the effect of Tuberein-3, tuberculous bacilli extraction with water, on Rifampicin induced T-lymphocytopenia in 5 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis who have never exposed to antimetabolites or steroid compounds. After 2 weeks treatment of Rifampicin, all cases showed T-lymphocytopenia, active $13.0{\pm}2.3$ % and total $43.1{\pm}4.4$%. Followed by another 2 weeks treatment with Rifampicin combined with Tuberein-3, T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood returned to the normal limit, active $21.6{\pm}3.3$% and total $56.3{\pm}1.7$%. Tubercin-3 revealed the restoring activity of suppression of T-lymphocyte rosettes by Rifampicin.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.67-70
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• 2023

Vaccines can cause adverse reactions, such as soreness, swelling, or redness at the injection site. Some reactions are associated with fever and rash, which are usually mild and transient, and serious side effects are rare. In particular, there are no reports of systemic infection following a COVID-19 vaccination. The authors present a case report of a patient who developed multiple abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus after a COVID-19 vaccination. The patient had no previous symptoms or signs of infection. The patient was controlled successfully after surgical and antibiotics treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.368-372
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• 1978

Ribostamycin sulfate is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic which is effective against organisms resistant to other conventional antibiotics, Particularly E. coli, and Staphylococcus group. Our clinical studies were performed on 20 patients who were admitted to Thoracic Surgical Dept of National Medical Center from May '77 to September '77, and the following results were obtained; 1. Among 20 patients, 13 were excellently improved and 4 responded moderataly, but 3 patients were not improved. So, 85% of the patients were controlled with Ribostamycin sulfate administration. 2. The rate of effectiveness of Ribostamycin sulfate was 85.7% against E. coli, 92.3% against Staphylococcus, and 75% against klebsiella, revealing 83.3% in average. 3. No side effects were observed. 4. From our clinical studies, Ribostamycin sulfate is expected to possess in high therapeutic value in surgical infectins caused by both gram positive and negative microorganisms.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2012

The quinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics and enhanced antimicrobial activity has extended the use of the quinolones beyond the traditional indications for quinolone antibiotics in the treatment of urinary tract infections. The quinolones are effective in a wider variety of infectious diseases, including skin and respiratory infections. Because of their excellent safety and tolerability, they have become popular alternatives to penicillin and cephalosporin derivatives in the treatment of various infections. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate efficacy and safety of IV quinolones for inpatient use. Total 117 patients who administerd quinolones for longer than 3 continuous days at community hospital from October 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2008 were reviewed. The criterias for drug evaluation were included the validation of indication, outcome, dosage and side effects. In the results, ciprofloxacin 13 (total 93), levofloxacin 3 (total 59) and moxifloxacin 2 (total 19) cases were not met the criterias based on the culture results. Major indications were pneumonia (ciprofloxacin 16.3%, levofloxacin 67.8%, moxifloxacin 84.2%), urinary tract infection (ciprofloxacin 44.1%), skin infection (ciprofloxacin 7.5%, levofloxacin 20.3%, moxifloxacin 10.5%), intra-abdominal infection (ciprofloxacin 10.8%, moxifloxacin 5.3%), etc.. In the results of quinolone monotherapy, the frequencies were each ciprofloxacin 74.2%, levofloxacin 50.8% and moxifloxacin 47.4%. In the results of dosage validation, the validities were each ciprofloxacin 54.8%, levofloxacin 94.9% and moxifloxacin 100.0%. In the results of duration validation, the validities were each ciprofloxacin 59.1%, levofloxacin 78.0% and moxifloxacin 89.5%. Adverse drug reactions were reported for total 49 cases and those were gastrointestinal tract effects including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and central nervous system effects including headache, dizziness. In summary, the quinolones appropriately used for hospitalized patients based on this study. A focused approach emphasizing "correct use of quinolones" may reduce development of antimicrobial resistance and maximize class efficacy. Consequently, correct use of antibiotics will contribute to decrease medical expenses for person and community.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 1985

Pivampicillin hydrochloride is a kind of broad spectrum antibiotics with bactericidal action, and is used in many countries, although it has bitter taste, unpleasant odour and side effects of irritating gastric mucosa, nausea, penicillin allergy, etc. For the improvement of such side effects of pivampicillin hydrochloride, microcapsules, with wall of ethylcellulose, have been prepared by coacervation method. The shape was observed through the scanning electron microscope, the release of the drug into an aqueous medium was studied and the effects of core: ethylcellulose ratio were interpreted as well as making sensory evaluation of taste and odour. There was decreasing trend in dissolution rate of the drug with the increase of core: ethylcellulose ratios, and the smaller microcapsules released their contents more rapidly. A linear relationship was established between the amount of ethylcellulose and the time for 60% release of the drug, and the release pattern was found to have similar characteristics to the release of the drug from an insoluble porous matrix. The release of the drug in the artificial intestinal fluids (pH 6.8) was found to be similar to that in water, while the release in the artificial gastric juice (pH 1.2) was slightly slower. Bioavailability of microcapsule was compared with that of pivampicillin hydrochloride in rabbits using serum concentration and urinary excretion measurements. Microcapsule gave showed slightly higher serum level than pivampicillin hydrochloride from 2 hours after administration, while no significant difference was observed in the accumulated urinary excretion rate between pivampicillin hydrochloride and microcapsule. The ulcer index of pivampicillin hydrochloride administered group was 2.6, and microcapsule administered group was 1.5, while control group was 0.8. Therefore it may be concluded that microencapsulation of pivampicillin hydrochloride is a useful pharmaceutical approach to protect the gastrointestinal tract from being injured by direct contact of pivampicillin hydrochloride without any significant difference of bioavailability.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to define the content of the requisite knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs needed for clinical knowledge for nursing practice. Contents of knowlege on pathological physiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs were constructed from syllabus of basic nursing subjects in 4 colleges of nursing, and textbooks. The degree of need of 72 items was measured with a 4 point scale. The subjects of this study were college-graduated 136 nurses from seven university hospital in Seoul and three in Chonnam Province, Kyungbook Province, and Inchon. They have been working at internal medicine ward, surgical ward, intensive care unit, obstetrics and gynecology ward, pediatrics ward, opthalmology ward, ear, nose, and throat ward, emergency room, rehabilitation ward, cancer ward, and hospice ward. The results were as follows : 1. The highest scored items of the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs necessary for nursing practice were side effects of drugs, anticoagulants, mechanisms of drugs, antihypertensive drugs, tolerance and addiction of drugs, interactions among drugs, hospital infection in the order of importance. The lowest scored item was structure of microorganisms. 2. The highest order of need according to unit was repair in tissue injury unit, definition etiology classification of inflammation in inflammation unit, transplantation and immunologic response in alterations in immunity unit, thrombus and thrombosis in disorders of cardiovascular function unit, gene disorders in genetic disorders unit, hospital infection in infection unit, virus in microorganisms unit, side reactions of drugs in introduction unit, anticonvulsants in drugs for central nervous system unit, local anesthesia in anesthesia unit, anticoagulants in drugs for cardiovascular system unit, anti-inflammatory drugs in antibiotics unit, anti-ulcer drugs in drugs for digestive system unit, and bronchodilators in drugs for respiratory system unit. 3. The common content of the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs needed for all clinical areas in nursing were side effects of drugs, anticoagulants, interactions among drugs, and hospital infection. However, the degree of need of each pathological physiology, clinical microbiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs was different depending on clinical areas. 4. Significant differences in the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs necessary for nursing practice such as tissue changes due to injurious stimuli, degenerative changes of tissue, alterations in metabolism of carbohydrates, ischemia, hyperemia and congestion, hospital infection, structure of microorganism, classification of microorganism, bacteria, virus, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, antiemetic drugs, antiparkinsonism drugs, antianxiety drugs, antibiotics, tuberculostatics, antiviral drugs, antifungal drugs, parasiticides, antiulcer drugs, antidiarrheais, and anti constipation drugs were shown according to the work area. 5. Significant differences in the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs necessary for nursing practice such as transplantation and immunologic response, alterations in the metabolism of uric acid, structure of microorganism, classification of microorganism, immunosuppressants, drugs for congestive heart failure were demonstrated according to the duration of work. Based on these findings, all the 72 items constructed by Korean Academic Society of Basic Nursing science should be included as contents of the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2000

목 적 : 올바른 항생제의 사용을 위해서는 우선 항생제 사용 실태의 파악과 함께 검사실의 확충, 의료진의 협조 등 다양한 노력과 보완이 요구된다. 본 연구는 적절한 항생제 사용의 기반을 마련하고자 현재 시행되고 있는 항생제 사용 실태를 조사하였다. 방 법 : 전북대학교병원에 입원한 환자 총 1,833명을 대상으로 의무기록을 통하여 항생제의 사용 여부, 종류, 사용 기간, 용량, 항생제의 투약 시작 시기 및 투여 목적을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 전체 조사 대상 환자 1,833명 중 입원 기간 중 항생제를 사용한 환자는 1,231명으로 67.2%였으며, 계별로 살펴보면 내과계는 전체 1,014명 중 497명(49.0%)이 항생제를 사용하였고, 외과계는 819명 중 734명(89.6%)에서 항생제를 사용하였다. 전체 항생제를 사용한 환자 1,231명 중 706명(57.4%)에서 예방 목적으로 사용하였고, 525명(42.6%)에서 치료 목적으로 사용하였다. 항생제를 사용한 환자의 경우 사용된 항생제의 갯수를 살펴보면 총 1,231명 중 1가지 항생제를 사용한 경우는 125명(10.2%)이었으며, 2가지를 사용한 경우는 311명(25.3%), 3가지를 사용한 경우는 562명(45.6%), 4가지 이상을 사용한 경우는 233명(18.9%)으로, 70% 이상의 환자에서 3가지 이상의 항생제가 사용하였다. 사용 항생제의 종류는 ${\beta}$-lactam, aminoglycoside, quinolone, macrolide, 항진균제, metronidazole, clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, glycopeptide, 그리고 fosfomycin 등으로 아주 다양하였다. 전체적인 그룹별 사용률을 보면 ${\beta}$-lactam은 57.0%, aminoglycoside는 34.5%, quinolone은 3.6% 그리고 기타 그룹은 4.9%로, ${\beta}$-lactam과 aminoglycoside가 가장 많이 사용되었다. 결 론 : 대부분의 환자에서 2가지 이상의 항생제의 병합요법이 보편화되어 있다는 점은 진지하게 검토되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. 아울러 임상적으로 전신 세균 감염이 확실한 경우에도 원인 병원체를 찾아내기 위한 적극적인 노력이 부족한 경우도 상당수 있어 이에 대해서도 검사실과 함께 적극적인 개선의 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 수술 환자의 예방적 화학 요법에 대해서도 개선이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2012

Objectives: Recently Ciprofloxacin, used in the treatment of mastitis, showed many serious side effects. The object of this study was to recognize whether TNS and KWT can be used in the treatment of mastitis by observing the in vitro antibacterial effects of TNS and KWT aqueous herbal extracts against S. aureus. Methods: Antibacterial activities of TNS and KWT aqueous extracts against S. aureus ATCC 25923 were detected using standard agar microdilution methods. In addition, the effects on the bacterial growth curve were monitored at MIC and $MIC{\times}2$ levels. The effects on the intracellular killing and bacterial invasion of individual test materials were also observed using Raw 264.6 and MCF-7. The results were compared with Ciprofloxacin, a second generation of quinolone antibiotics in the present study. Results: MIC of aqueous extracts of TNS and KWT against S. aureus were detected as ($0.313{\pm}0.107$) and ($0.137{\pm}0.053$) mg/ml, respectively. MIC of Ciprofloxacin was detected as ($0.469{\pm}0.297$) ${\mu}g/ml$ at same conditions. In addition, TNS, KWT aqueous herbal extracts and Ciprofloxacin were also showed marked dosage-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth, and dramatical inhibitions on the both intracellular killing assays and bacterial invasion using Raw 264.6 and MCF-7 cells were detected. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that TNS and KWT aqueous herbal extracts showed antibacterial effects against S. aureus, and they also showed dosage-dependent inhibitory effects on the bacterial growth. And they showed the significant intracellular killing and bacterial invasion effects. It means, KWT and TNS may show more potent anti-infectious effects against S. aureus in vivo.