• 제목/요약/키워드: shoulder loin

검색결과 43건 처리시간 0.018초

Correlation between the Korean pork grade system and the amount of pork primal cut estimated with AutoFom III

  • Park, Yunhwan;Ko, Eunyoung;Park, Kwangwook;Woo, Changhyun;Kim, Jaeyoung;Lee, Sanghun;Park, Sanghun;Kim, Yun-a;Park, Gyutae;Choi, Jungseok
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제64권1호
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2022
  • It is impossible to know the amount of pork primal cut by pig carcass grade which is determined only by carcass weight and backfat thickness in the Korean Pig Carcass System. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the pig carcass grade and the amount of pork primal cut estimated with AutoFom III. A total of 419,321 Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc (LYD) pigs were graded with the Korean Pig Carcass Grade System. Amounts of belly, neck, loin, tenderloin, spare ribs, shoulder, and ham were estimated with AutoFom III. Regression equations for seven primal cuts according to each grade were derived. There were significant differences among the three carcass grades due to heteroscedasticity variance (p < 0.0001). Three regression equations were derived from AutoFom III estimation of primal cuts according to carcass grades. The coefficient of determination of the regression equation was 0.941 for grade 1+, 0.982 for grade 1, and 0.993 for grade 2. Regression equations obtained from this study are suitable for AutoFom III software, a useful tool for the analysis of each pig carcass grade in the Korean Pig Carcass Grade System. The high reliability of predicting the amount of primal cut with AutoFom III is advantageous for the management of slaughterhouses to optimize their product sorting in Korea.

Comparative evaluation of supplemental zilpaterol hydrochloride sources on growth performance, dietary energetics and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs

  • Rivera-Villegas, A.;Estrada-Angulo, A.;Castro-Perez, B.I.;Urias-Estrada, J.D.;Rios-Rincon, F.G.;Rodriguez-Cordero, D.;Barreras, A.;Plascencia, A.;Gonzalez-Vizcarra, V.M.;Sosa-Gordillo, J.F.;Zinn, R.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.209-216
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    • 2019
  • Objective: We compare the effects of three different approved sources of supplemental zilpaterol on growth-performance responses and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. Methods: Twenty four Pelibuey${\times}$Katahdin lambs ($46.75{\pm}2.43kg$) were used in a 33-day feeding trial. Lambs were fed a dry rolled corn-based finishing diet. Treatments consisted of the non-supplemental basal diet (Control) versus the basal diet supplemented with 125 mg zilpaterol/kg of diet (as fed basis) from three commercial sources marketed in Mexico: Zilmax (ZIL), Grofactor, and Zipamix. Results: Compared to controls, zilpaterol (ZH) supplementation did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), but increased carcass adjusted daily weight gain (ADG, 36.7%), gain efficiency (34.2%), and dietary net energy (26.0%), and decreased (23.4%) the ratio of observed:expected DMI. Compared to controls, supplemental ZH increased hot carcass weight (6.4%), dressing percentage (3.2%), m. longissimus thoracis (LM) area (15.6%), and shoulder muscle:fat ratio (28.7%), but decreased kidney-pelvic-heart fat, and fat thickness. Supplemental ZH increased 10.9% and 14.3% whole cut weight of loin and leg, respectively, and the proportion (as percentage of cold carcass weight) of leg (4.3%). These increases were reflected in greater forequarter and hindquarter weights. Lambs fed ZH increased (4.6%) empty body weight (EBW) and reduced (14.7%) liver/spleen weight (as g/kg EBW). Likewise, ZH supplementation tended (p = 0.08) to lower (8.9%) visceral fat. Growth performance, energetic efficiency, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, LM area and whole cuts were not different across supplemental ZH sources. However, compared with non-supplemented controls, only ZIL appreciably decreased carcass fat distribution, including fat thickness, percentage kidney pelvic and heart fat, shoulder fat, and visceral fat. Conclusion: Supplemental ZH increases ADG, gain efficiency, carcass dressing percentage, and LM area. The magnitude of these responses was similar among ZH sources. Nevertheless, compared with non-supplemented controls, only ZIL appreciably decreases carcass fat. The basis for this is uncertain, but indicative that some practical differences in zilpaterol bio-equivalency may exist across commercial sources tested.

Correlation analysis of primal cuts weight, fat contents, and auction prices in Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc pig carcasses by VCS2000

  • Youngho Lim;Yunhwan Park;Gwantae Kim;Jaeyoung Kim;Jongtae Seo;Jaesik Lee;Jungseok Choi
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제66권4호
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    • pp.834-845
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    • 2024
  • Currently, in pork auctions in Korea, only carcass weight and backfat thickness provide information on meat quantity, while the production volume of primal cuts and fat contents remains largely unknown. This study aims to predict the production of primal cuts in pigs and investigate how these carcass traits affect pricing. Using the VCS2000, the production of shoulder blade, loin, belly, shoulder picnic, and ham was measured for gilts (17,257 pigs) and barrows (16,365 pigs) of LYD (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) pigs. Single and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze the relationship between the primal cuts and carcass weight. The study also examined the correlation between each primal cut, backfat thickness (1st thoracic vertebra backfat thickness, grading backfat thickness, and Multi-brached muscle middle backfat thickness), pork belly fat percentage, total fat yield, and auction price. A multiple regression analysis was conducted between the carcass traits that showed a high correlation and the auction price. After conducting a single regression analysis on the primal cuts of gilt and barrow, all coefficients of determination (R2) were 0.77 or higher. In the multiple regression analysis, the R2 value was 0.98 or higher. The correlation coefficient between the carcass weights and the auction price exceeded 0.70, while the correlation coefficients between the primal cuts and the auction prices were above 0.65. In terms of fat content, the backfat thickness of gilt exhibited a correlation coefficient of 0.70, and all other items had a correlation coefficient of 0.47 or higher. The correlation coefficients between the Forequarter, Middle, and Hindquarter and the auction price were 0.62 or higher. The R2 values of the multiple regression analysis between carcass traits and auction price were 0.5 or higher for gilts and 0.4 or higher for barrows. The regression equations between carcass weight and primal cuts derived in this study exhibited high determination coefficients, suggesting that they could serve as reliable means to predict primal cut production from pig carcasses. Elucidating the correlation between primal cuts, fat contents and auction prices can provide economic indicators for pork and assist in guiding the direction of pig farming.

비육돈 생산단계에 따른 도체 및 부분육 생산 특성 (Characteristics of Carcass and Meat Yields of Fattening Pigs by Production Step)

  • 김진형;박범영;유영모;조수현;김용곤;이종문;윤희진;김경남
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제44권6호
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    • pp.793-800
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구는 수출규격돈 생산과 고품질 돈육 생산에 필요한 기초자료를 제시하고자 도체 및 부분육 생산 특성을 조사한 것으로 도체중량에서는 듀록종이 원종, $F_1$종 및 비육돈에 비하여 적었다(p<0.05). 거래정육중량은 요크셔종과 $F_1$종이 다른 원종과 비육돈에 비하여 높은 반면 듀록종이 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 도체길이는 랜드레이스와 $F_1$종이 다른 원종 및 비육돈에 비하여 길게 나타났고(p<0.05), 도체폭은 $F_1$종이 다른 순종 및 비육돈 보다 넓었다. 도체후도는 $F_1$종과 비육돈이 원종에 비하여 유의적으로 두꺼운 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 안심과 등심의 생산량은 랜드레이스와 요크셔 및 $F_1$종이 듀록 및 비육돈에 비하여 높게 나타났고 듀록이 가장 적었다(p<0.05). 목심 생산량은 요크셔와 $F_1$종이 다른 순종 및 비육돈에 비하여 높게 생산되었고(p<0.05), 듀록과 랜드레이스종이 가장 낮았다. 삼겹살 생산량은 듀록종이 낮았으며, 뒷다리는 요크셔와 $F_1$종이 다른 순종과 비육돈에 비하여 높게 생산되었고, 앞다리는 요크셔종이 생산량이 많았다(p<0.05). 일본 수출 기준에 따른 등심 합격율은 전체적으로 대단히 낮았고, 안심 합격률은 랜드레이스종이 100%로 가장 높았다. 앞다리와 뒷다리 합격률은 요크셔종이 각각 90.91%, 87.88%로 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 비육돈의 부분육 및 수출규격육 생산이 미흡하므로 이를 만족시킬 수 있는 순종의 도입과 교배체계의 확립이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Nondestructive Estimation of Lean Meat Yield of South Korean Pig Carcasses Using Machine Vision Technique

  • Lohumi, Santosh;Wakholi, Collins;Baek, Jong Ho;Kim, Byeoung Do;Kang, Se Joo;Kim, Hak Sung;Yun, Yeong Kwon;Lee, Wang Yeol;Yoon, Sung Ho;Cho, Byoung-Kwan
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.1109-1119
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    • 2018
  • In this paper, we report the development of a nondestructive prediction model for lean meat percentage (LMP) in Korean pig carcasses and in the major cuts using a machine vision technique. A popular vision system in the meat industry, the VCS2000 was installed in a modern Korean slaughterhouse, and the images of half carcasses were captured using three cameras from 175 selected pork carcasses (86 castrated males and 89 females). The imaged carcasses were divided into calibration (n=135) and validation (n=39) sets and a multilinear regression (MLR) analysis was utilized to develop the prediction equation from the calibration set. The efficiency of the prediction equation was then evaluated by an independent validation set. We found that the prediction equation - developed to estimate LMP in whole carcasses based on six variables - was characterized by a coefficient of determination ($R^2_v$) value of 0.77 (root-mean square error [RMSEV] of 2.12%). In addition, the predicted LMP values for the major cuts: ham, belly, and shoulder exhibited $R^2_v$ values${\geq}0.8$ (0.73 for loin parts) with low RMSEV values. However, lower accuracy ($R^2_v=0.67$) was achieved for tenderloin cuts. These results indicate that the LMP in Korean pig carcasses and major cuts can be predicted successfully using the VCS2000-based prediction equation developed here. The ultimate advantages of this technique are compatibility and speed, as the VCS2000 imaging system can be installed in any slaughterhouse with minor modifications to facilitate the on-line and real-time prediction of LMP in pig carcasses.

고려시대 인물관련 제작물을 통해서 본 복식제도에 관한 연구(2)-고려시대 인물관련 제작 불화(佛畵)중 '경판화'를 통해서 본 복식제도에 관한 연구(2)-$\cicled3$- (A Study On the costume of the Koryo Dynasty (2)-$\cicled3$-See Through by the Human being, on the Buddist Painting of Koryo Dynasty Engraved Painting on the wood.-)

  • 임명미
    • 복식
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    • 제26권
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    • pp.221-232
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    • 1995
  • It was aimed to study the costume of Koryo dynasty based upon the one hundred and thirty four pictures of the engraved painting on the wood. The costume to study were made about 400 years during the King Mok-jong(1006) to the forth year of the king Wu based upon the Avatamaka Sutra and Pulsul-Yaesu 가) Men's wear 1. Hair style and hair dress ; Man tied up a top knot and they put on the hat such as a Kuan, Kun, and Mo. The young boys binds his hair up one, two, and three knots. 2. Clothes : 1) King wore an uniform of Mien-lu Kuan system. 2) The Crown Prince and high rank officials wore Yuan-yu-Kuan Won-jung-po-ju-Kuan, Sa-bang-Kuan, Yun-wha-Kuan and montain shape Po-ju-Kuan as a court dress. 3) Officials put on the Pok-du as an official dress and Won-jung-ip-mo, Kun and Mo as an everyday dress, the monk put on the diamond shape Do-kuan and Du-kun and the soldier put on the Helmet. Costume system of man was as follows ; They wore exchanged shape collar, big sleeve jacket, long skirt, apron, hanging precious stone big belt as a Mien-pok. 4) The soldiers wore helmet, Keun-Kap, Scarf, Pee-Bak, Hung-Kap, Pok-Kap, Yang-Dang-Kap, We-Yo-Kap, Kum-Kap, and caries arms. Lower-level officials wore Pe-Bal, Kun-Mo, gae, won-leung, very small sleve jacket, a long coat reaching up to the knee length, slacks, belt, loin cloth and apron. 5) Children's bind their hair up angle shape and wore a half long jacket raching up to the hip and slacks. 나) Women's wear; 1. hair style and hair dress; 1) High rank women's hair style was very extravaganceful. They made their hair top knot (one, two, or more knots) and decoraed precious stone, pan shape head dress, wheel shape head dress, and flower shape precious stone decorated head dress. 2. Clothes ; 1) High rank ladi's wore Kun-Kyun attached jacket, and jacket sleeves decorated pleats, and pleats decorated long skirt, apron, back apron, knot belt, scarf, this type is the same with Dang Dynasty, five dynasty of china, Song, Kum, Won, Myung Dynasty, and our costume of Poe-hae, and Shilla Dyansty. 2) Official ladies wore exchange shape collor, big sleeve jacket, long pleats skirt, apron, and back apron, scarf. 3) Women wore top knot hair style and decorated by ribbons. Shoulder scarf attached small sleeve jacket and wore reaching up to the knee length. Side seam is open and under wear was long skirt. 4) High knot hair style and exchanged shape collor jacket, under wear wore long skirt. They wore under skirts and the jackets. 5) High knot hair style, exchange shape collor jacket reaching up to the knee length small sleeve under wear wore long skirt, belt. 6) High knot hair style, big sleeve jacket and long skirt. 7) Foot wear wore boots, mokasin type shoes, sandal.

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Carcass characteristics of lambs fed spineless cactus as a replacement for sugarcane

  • de Oliveira, Juliana Paula Felipe;Ferreira, Marcelo de Andrade;Alves, Adryanne Marjorie Souza Vitor;de Melo, Ana Caroline Cerqueira;de Andrade, Ida Barbosa;Urbano, Stela Antas;Suassuna, Juraci Marcos Alves;de Barros, Leonardo Jose Assis;Melo, Tobias Tobit de Barros
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.529-536
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    • 2018
  • Objective: Fresh sugarcane has been a new roughage source for ruminant's in semiarid regions, a function of the decline of sugar and alcohol industry in recent years. However, there is little data published regarding lambs fed sugarcane associated with spineless cactus. This study evaluated the effect of sugarcane replacement with spineless cactus (0%, 33%, 66%, and 100%) in the diet of Santa $In\hat{e}s$ lambs on carcass characteristics. Methods: Thirty-six non-castrated Santa Ines lambs at four months of age and an initial body weight of $22{\pm}2.3kg$ were assigned in a randomized block design and slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. The effects of spineless cactus as a replacement for sugarcane in the diet of the lambs on the carcass characteristics, commercial cut weight and yield, leg tissue composition, and carcass measurements were studied. Results: The study revealed quadratic behavior in slaughter body weight, and hot and cold carcass weight, with maximum values of 38.60, 18.60, and 18.11 kg and replacement levels of 40.18%, 44.42%, and 43.14%, respectively. The cold carcass yield presented an increasing linear behavior. The compactness index of carcass and leg presented a quadratic effect, with estimated maximal values of 0.28 and 0.57 kg/cm and replacement levels of 43.37% and 45.5%, respectively. The weights of commercial cuts of leg, loin, shoulder, and breast showed quadratic behavior, with maximum values of 2.79, 0.852, 1.46, and 1.30 kg and replacement levels of 49.5, 45.32, 39.0, and 40.7, respectively. For tissue composition, quadratic behavior was verified for leg weight, subcutaneous fat, and total fat. Conclusion: The replacement of sugarcane by spineless cactus at level 44% is recommended for finishing lambs considering that this level improved most of the carcass characteristics, weights, and yields of commercial cuts and leg tissue composition.

키토산 발효사료의 첨가가 비육돈의 도체특성 및 육질에 미치는 영향 (Addition of Fermented Chitosan on Carcass Composition and Physico-chemical Characteristics of Meat in Finishing Pigs)

  • 김종원;김종덕;성기승;강석남
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제45권3호
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    • pp.463-472
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    • 2003
  • 처리구 당 돼지 10마리씩을 선발하여 비육후기에 0.2%, 0.5%의 키토산 발효사료를 첨가하여 6주간(43일) 급여한 사양시험 결과는 증체량에 있어서는 0.2% 처리구가 가장 높았으며(p<0.05) 사료요구율에 있어서는 0.5% 처리구가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 0.2% 수준에서의 첨가는 사료의 효율을 증가시키고 증체량을 개선하였다. pH값은 등심의 경우에 있어서 대조구가 5.27로서 가장 낮았고 0.2%와 0.5% 처리구는 각각 5.47과 5.54를 나타내었으며 처리구간에 있어서 유의한 차이를 보여 주었다(p<0.05). 등심의 경우 L*값이 0.2%와 0.5%의 두 처리구에 있어서 대조구보다 유의하게(p<0.05) 낮게 나타났으며, 목심의 경우에는 0.5% 처리구가 다른 처리구보다 유의하게(p<0.05) 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 3가지 처리에 따른 등심부위의 지방산 조성을 보면 현저한 차이를 발견할 수는 없으나 키토산 발효사료 처리구에는 C12:0 이나 C16:0과 같은 포화지방산의 비율이 높아진 반면 탄소수가 18개의 불포화 지방산 함량은 다소 낮아 진 것을 알 수 있다(대조구 : 30.15%, 0.2% 처리구 : 26.03%, 0.5% 처리구 : 26.94%). 관능검사항목 중에서 다즙성의 경우에만 처리구간별로 유의한 차이를 나타내었으며, 0.5% 처리구가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한 연도에 있어서도 0.5% 처리구가 가장 부드러운 것으로 나타났다. 삽겹살에 대해서는 다즙성, 풍미 그리고 기호성을 조사한 바, 풍미와 기호성 측면에서도 0.5% 처리구가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05).

인삼 부산물 급여 돼지의 도체 및 육질 특성 (Feeding Effect of Ginseng by-product on Characteristics of Pork Carcass and Meat Quality)

  • 유영모;안종남;조수현;박범영;이종문;김용곤;박형기
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.337-342
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    • 2002
  • 인삼 잎과 줄기의 crude saponin 함량은 약 8% 정도로 그 가치가 높아 사료로 이용하기 위한 방법으로, 인삼 잎과 줄기 부산물의 추출액을 사료에 3% 혼합하여 생산한 사료를 돼지에 20일, 30일 및 40일간 급여하여 생산한 돼지의 도체 및 육질특성을 조사한 결과 다음과 같다. 급여수준에 따른 돼지의 도체특성에 있어서 정육율은 20일 급여구가 65.55%로 가장 높았으며, 대조구, 30일 급여구, 40일 급여구 순으로 나타났으며, 제거 지방율은 40일 급여구가 18.32%로 가장 높았다. 부분육벽 생산율은 목심, 갈비, 등심, 삼겹살, 뒷다리, 안심부위에서는 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 앞다리 부위에서는 20일급여구에서 가장 높은 11.12%로 나타났다(P<0.05). 처리별 도체등급 A 및 B 등급 출현율은 30일과 40일 급여구에서 오히려 낮게 나타났으며, 등지방 두께는 20일 급여구가 가장 적었다(P<0.05). 처리구별 명도(Hunter L)는 30일 급여구가 50.22로 가장 높은 값을 보였고, 20일 급여구가 46.91로 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. PSE 출현율은 20일 급여구가 가장 낮게 나타났고. pH는 인삼부산물을 40일 급여한 처리구에서 5.72로 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 인삼부산물 급여 돼지 등심육의 물리적 특성을 조사한 결과, 전단력은 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 가열감량은 인삼부 산물 급여시 감소하는 경향으로 나타난 반면, 보수력은 인삼 부산물 급여시 증가하는 경향을 보였다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과에서 인삼부산물 추출액 급여에 의한 돈육 생산시 도체특성 및 부된육 수율에서 인삼부산물 급여에 의한 차이는 없었으나, pH는 인삼부산물을 40일간 급여한 처리구 에서 유의적으로 높았으며, 가열감량 및 보수력은 인삼부산 물을 각각 40일 또는 30일간 급여한 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비해 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

Quality Determination of Different Wholesale Cuts of Goat Carcass at Different Ages

  • Islam, R.;Rahman, S.M.E.;Khan, M.;Akhter, S.;Hossain, M.M.;Ding, Tian;Kim, Jai-Moung;Oh, Deog-Hwan
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.251-257
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 도매상에서 판매하고 있는 염소육의 영양학적 및 미생물학적 품질을 평가하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시료는 1년생, 2년생, 3년생 염소육을 대상으로 수행하였으며, 각 연령별에서 3마리씩 4부분의 다른 부위(어깨, 목, 허리, 다리)를 선정하여 총 36점을 대상으로 본 실험을 수행하였다. 염소육의 품질을 평가하기 위하여 각 시료의 외형, 색, 냄새, 육즙, 일반조성분, pH, 총균수, 대장균군과 효모수를 측정하였다. 각 부위별 염소육의 pH는 평균적으로 5.647-5.692로 나타내어 각 부위별 염소육의 pH는 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않은 반면 연령별 염소육의 pH는 5.585-5.743로 유의적 차이(p < 0.01)를 나타냈다. 각 연령별 염소육의 육즙함량은 32.24-42.10%로 유의적인 차이(p < 0.01)를 나타내었으며, 마블링은 다른 부위보다 목살부위에서 더 명확하게 확인할 수 있었다. 염소육의 단백질 함량은 20.78-27.71%의 결과로 유의적 차이(p < 0.01)를 나타내었고, 다리부위는 다른 부위에 비하여 높은 단백질 함량을 나타내었으며 각 부위별 염소육의 지방 함량은 2.657-11.469%로 유의적인 차이(P < 0.01)를 나타냈다. 염소육의 수분함량은 69.20-73.31%, 1년생 염소육의 회분함량은 0.989 $\pm$ 0.129%로 다른 연령대의 염소육보다 높은 것으로 나타났으며 이 결과 또한 유의적인 차이(P < 0.01)를 나타내었다. 칼슘의 함량은 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않은 반면 1년생 염소육의 인의 함량은 0.149 $\pm$ 0.0251%로 다른 년생의 염소고기에 비하여 높은 것으로 나타냈다. 연령별 염소육의 총균수 수준은 5.05-5.15 log cfu/g으로써 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않은 반면 각 부위별 염소육의 대장균군의 오염수준은 2.56-3.05 log cfu/g으로 유의적인 차이(P < 0.01)를 나타냈다. 연령별 염소육 또한 대장균군 오염수준은 2.79-2.84 log cfu/g으로써 유의적인 차이(P < 0.05)를 나타냈으며 1년생 염소육의 대장균 오염 수준은 다른 연령의 염소육에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 효모의 오염수준 또한 각 부위별(P < 0.01), 연령별(P < 0.05)로 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 염소육의 영양학적, 미생물학적 품질은 염소의 연령과 판매 부위에직접적인 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다.