• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.179-188
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• 2007

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2009

Purpose: Scapular dyskinesis is an alteration in the normal position or motion of the scapula during coupled scapulohumeral movements. Vast majority of shoulder pathologies are known to be related with scapular motion abnormalities. Because there being enthusiasm about scapular pathology in recent literatures, understanding scapular dyskinesis seems to be an important subject. The authors describe the importance of scapular abnormality in terms of shoulder pathology. Materials and Methods: Usually the inhibition or disorganization of activation patterns in scapular stabilizing muscles lead to scapular dyskinesis. This motion abnormality has more important values in Elite Athletes because it might be the sign of future shoulder pathology; for example, SLAP and internal impingement. Treatment of scapular dyskinesis is directed at managing underlying causes and restoring normal scapular muscle activation patterns by kinetic chain-based rehabilitation protocols. Treatment is also important to prevent secondary shoulder injuries. Results and Conclusion: Understanding scapular pathology may be the main key to approach to the shoulder pathology. Also treating scapular pathology might be important in preventing secondary shoulder injuries.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

Repetitive overhead throwing exerts significant mechanical stress on the elbow joint. Pitching in baseball, serving in tennis, spiking in volleyball, passing in American football and launching in javelin-throwing can all produce elbow pathology by forceful valgus stress, with medial stretching, lateral compression and posterior impingement. This stress can lead to developmental anatomic changes in the young thrower. Asymptomatic pathology in the shoulder and elbow joint is prevalent and, with overuse, can progress to disabling injury. Joint injury occurs as a result of the body's inability to properly coordinate motion segments during the pitching delivery, leading to further structural damage. The implications of acute and overuse injuries and the possibility of permanent damage should be understood by parents, coaches and the athletes. Proper understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors that could lead to elbow injuries is thus required. Measures to prevent elbow injuries should include proper coaching, warm-up, medical expertise and protective gear. Injury prevention and rehabilitation should center on optimizing pitching mechanics, core strength, scapular control, and joint range of motion.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2018

While non-operative treatment with structured rehabilitation tends to be the strategy of choice in the management of Rockwood type III acromioclavicular joint injury, some advocate surgical treatment to prevent persistent pain, disability, and prominence of the distal clavicle. There is no clear consensus regarding when the surgical treatment should be indicated, and successful clinical outcomes have been reported for non-operative treatment in more than 80% of type III acromioclavicular joint injuries. Furthermore, there is no gold standard procedure for operative treatment of type III acromioclavicular joint injury, and more than 60 different procedures have been used for this purpose in clinical practice. Among these surgical techniques, recently introduced arthroscopic-assisted procedures involving a coracoclavicular suspension device are minimally invasive and have been shown to achieve successful coracoclavicular reconstruction in 80% of patients with failed conservative treatment. Taken together, currently available data indicate that successful treatment can be expected with initial conservative treatment in more than 96% of type III acromioclavicular injuries, whereas minimally invasive surgical treatments can be considered for unstable type IIIB injuries, especially in young and active patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the optimal treatment approach in patients with higher functional needs, especially in high-level athletes.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 1998

The acromioclavicular joint is commonly affected by traumatic and degenerative conditions. Most injuries are due to direct trauma, such as a fall on the shoulder. Although there is general agreement on treatment of type I, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, V and VI acromioclavicular injuries, the treatment of type Ⅲ injuries remains controversial. Sixty patients, ranging in age from 19 to 57 years(average, 32), were evaluated an average of 57.5 (range, 13 to 96) months after surgical reconstruction for Rockwood type Ⅲ Ⅳ, V acromioclavicular dislocation. Phemister method (47 cases), Bosworth (3 cases), Weaver and Dunn method (10 cases) were used to correct displacement. An increase of the coracoclavicular distance of the injured shoulder over the normal shoulder was average 7.1㎜ at initial, average l㎜ on postoperatively, and average 2㎜ at follow-up. Overall, 54 of 60(90%) patients achieved satisfactory results. Degree of increase of the coracoclavicular distance has no inliluence to clinical results.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.54-59
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• 2002

$\bullet$ Rehabilitation should be based on an understanding pathology and abnormal arthrokinematics and biomechanics. $\bullet$ Rehabilitation should be kept in mind to play a vital role in the successful outcome after shoulder injuries or surgeries. $\bullet$ Program should emphasize treating the cause and not just the symptoms. $\bullet$ Maintenance of the normal scapulohumeral and scapulothoracic rhythm and optimal strength should be re-established with rehabilitation. $\bullet$ Program modification and appropriate progression must be peformed on an individual basis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2022

While swimming is a very popular competitive sports activity, swimming injuries are unique due to the repetitive nature of the swimming stroke and demanding training programs that can result in upper limb overuse. Therefore, the primary objective of this review was to analyze swimmers' injury areas, injury types by stroke type, and swimming rehabilitation, as well as to discuss safety management for improving swimming performance. In this study, the injuries incurred in swimming events were discussed in the order of upper limb injuries (neck, shoulder, arm, and wrist), lower limb injuries (knee and ankle), and waist injuries. An analysis by stroke type found that shoulder injuries occurred most often with freestyle, backstroke, and butterfly strokes, followed by rotator cuff injury, impingement syndrome, and SLAP (superior labral tear from anterior to posterior) lesions. Knee injuries were associated with the breaststroke, whereas spinal cord injuries occurred with the breaststroke and butterfly stroke. Finally, back injuries were associated with the butterfly stroke. During the freestyle stroke, the shoulder undergoes repetitive overhead movement; hence, shoulder and musculoskeletal pain are the most common and well-documented complaints of swimmers. For safety management, coaches and instructors must ensure that athletes do sufficient warm-up and cool-down exercises to avoid injuries. In case of an injury, they should be familiar with first aid measures so that secondary damage can be prevented with its quick application. In addition, coaches and instructors need to be trained in injury prevention and treatment so that they can provide appropriate rehabilitation treatment for athletes. Although swimming-related injuries cannot be completely eliminated, to reduce them to a minimum, leaders need the knowledge to apply scientific and systematic training principles and methods individualized for each athlete.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2021

Four patients with shoulder problems that were traumatic in etiology presented to us with delays in seeking care ranging from 6 to 12 weeks due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown. The care of three cases (a 3-month-old neglected anterior shoulder dislocation with a greater tuberosity fracture in a 30-year old man, a 3-month-old neglected anterior shoulder dislocation in a 17-year old boy, and a 2-month-old neglected greater tuberosity fracture in a 31-year old man) was delayed due to the lockdown and the ensuing travel restrictions, while that of one case (a 6-week-old fracture-dislocation of the proximal humerus in a 55-year-old woman) was delayed because the patient was undergoing treatment for COVID-19 at the time of injury. This report intends to present the exceptional circumstances around these cases. The unique treatment challenges and their outcomes are also described to advise the surgeons of the nuances and difficulties in treating these injuries.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2005

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.178-178
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• 2007