• 제목/요약/키워드: shortening effect

검색결과 408건 처리시간 0.035초

3차 병원에 입원한 교통사고환자의 평균 재원기간과 조기퇴원시의 수입증대효과 분석연구 (Analyses on the Mean Length of Stay of and the Income Effects due to Early Discharge of Car Accident Patients at General Hospital)

  • 유호신
    • 지역사회간호학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.70-79
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    • 1999
  • This study attempts to encourage the development of a rehabilitation delivery system as a substitute service for hospitalization such as a community based intermediate facility or home health care. We need substitute services for hospitalization to curtail the length of stay for inpatients due to car accidents. It focused on developing an estimation for early discharge based on a detailed statement of treatment from medical records of 109 inpatients who were hospitalized at General Hospital in 1997. This study has three specific purposes: First, to find the mean length of stay and mean medical expenditure. Second, to estimate the mean of early discharge from the mean length of stay. Third, to analyize the income effect per bed from early discharge. In order to analyze the length of stay and medical expenditure of inpatients the author conducted a micro and macro-analysis with medical expenditure records. To estimate the early discharge we examined with a group of 4 experts decreases in the amount of treatment after surgery, in treatments, in tests, in drug methods. We also looked their vital signs, the start of ROM exercise, the time removel, a patient's visitations, and possible stable conditions. In addition to identifing the income effect due to an early discharge, the data was analyzed by an SPSS-PC for windows and Excell program with a regression analysis model. The research findings are as follows: First, the mean length of stay was 47.56 days, but the mean length of stay due to early discharge was 32.26 days. The estimation of early discharge days was shown to depend on the length of stay. The longer the length of stay, the longer the length before discharge. For example, if the patient stayed under 14 days the mean length of stay was 7.09 while an early discharge was 6.39, whereas if the mean length of stay was 155.73, the early discharge time was 107.43. The mean medical expenditure per day of car accident patients was found to be 169,085 Won, whereas the mean medical expenditure per day was shown to be in a negative linear form according to the length of stay. That is the mean expenditure for under 14 days of stay was 303,015 Won and the period of the hospitalization of 15 days to 29 days was 170,338 Won and those of 30 days to 59 days was 113,333 Won. The estimation of the income effect due to being discharged 16 days was around 2,350,000 Won with a regression analysis model. However, this does not show the real benefits from an early discharge, but only the income increasing amount without considering prime medical cost at a general hospital. Therefore, we need further analysis on cost containments and benefits incending turn over rates and medical prime costs. From these research findings, the following suggestions have been drawn, we need to develop strategies on a rehabilitation delivery system focused on consumers for the 21st century. Varions intermediate facilities and home health care should be developed in the community as a substitute for shortening the length of stay in hospitals. In home health care cases, patients who want rehabilitation services as a substitute for hospitalization in cooperation with private health insurance companies might be available immediately.

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절식, 스트레스 및 냉각속도가 돼지도체의 사후 대사속도와 등심근의 육질에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Practical Variations in Fasting, Stress and Chilling Regime on Post-slaughter Metabolic Rate and Meat Quality of Pork Loin)

  • 황인호;박범영;조수현;김진형;이종문
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.97-106
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    • 2004
  • 본 실험은 현장에서 발생할 수 있는 도축 전개체 관리와 도축 후 냉각온도의 편차가 숙성기간동안 육질에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위해 설계되었다. 총 20 두 랜드레이스를 도축 하루 전날부터 절식(n = 10)한 처리구와 도축일 아침까지 급여(n = 10)한 처리구 중에 각각 5마리씩을 무작위 선발하여 도축 전 스트레스(n = 10)와 무 스트레스(n = 10) 처리하엿다. 분할 후 좌도체는 $6^{\circ}C$에 우도체는 -$3^{\circ}C$의 도체 냉각실에서 24시간 냉각하였다. 사후 강직기와 도축 후 24시간의 pH, 온도, 유리 칼슘이온, 단백질 분해도를 측정하였으며, 1일째 근절길이, $1^{\circ}C$에서 3일 및 7일째 드립량, 1, 3, 7일째 육색, 전단력 및 가열 감량을 측정하였다. 본 실험 조건에서 도축 직전 15분 동안 몰이스트레스는 유리 칼슘량을 제외한 대사속도 및 육질 특성에 영향을 주지 않았다. 절식하지 않은 구는 절식한 처리구와 비교하여 1시간과 24시간에 빠른 pH 하강을 보였고 (P < 0.1), - $3^{\circ}C$ 냉각 조건에서는 $6^{\circ}C$에서 냉각한 처리구와 비교하여 도축후 3시간부터 완만한 pH 강하속도(P < 00.1)을 보였으나 최종 pH가 5.7 ${\sim}$ 5.8로 처리 구간에 큰 차이가 없었다. pH 6.2에서 절식과 냉각방법간에 상호 작용이 있었는데, 절식하지 않은 도체를 $6^{\circ}C$에서 냉각했을 경우 온도가 $33.3^{\circ}C$로 절식시킨 처리구를 - $3^{\circ}C$에서 냉각한 처리구와 비교하여($22.2^{\circ}C$) 11$^{\circ}C$ 더 낮은 온도를 보였다. 근절길이는 1.7 ${\sim}$ 1.8 ${\mu}m$로 처리간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 24시간째 전단력은 절식처리구에서 약 2kg 높았다(P < 0.05) 영향을 받았는데, 절식시킨 시험구에서 낮은 값을 보였다. 냉각실 온도는 전단력과 육색에 영향을 미치지 않았으나, -$3^{\circ}C$ 냉각이 가열 감량을 유의적으로 감소시켰다(P < 0.05), 숙성기간 동안 전단력은 사료 급여를 하지 않은 도체에서 도축 후 1일에 약 6.5 kg으로 도축전까지 급여한 구보다 높았는데( P <0.05), 이 결과는 빠른 pH 하강과 유리 칼슘이온의 방출로 높은 도체 온도에서 단백질 분해 효소의 높은 활성과 관련된 것으로 판단되었고, 이것은 빠른 Desmin 분해 속도가 뒷받침하였다. 하지만 숙성 7일째에는 처리간의 전단력 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 가열 감량 숙성기간동안 가열 감량을 크게 증가시켜 숙성 7일째에는 유의적으로 높은(P < 0.01) 가열 감량을 유발하였다. 이러한 결과는 육색과도 연관 되었는데, 육색은 결과는 육색과도 연관 되었는데, 육색은 진공포장 후 7일 동안 $1^{\circ}C$에서 숙성한 결과 절식시킨 시험구와 지교하여 도축 전 급여가 더 밝고 붉은색(P < 0.05)을 나타냈다. 명도는 숙성 7일째에 유의적으로 증가하였고, 적색도는 3일째에 증가하였으나 7일째에는 변화가 없었다. 이러한 변화는 통계적으로는 유의성이 관찰되었으나 그 차이점은 미미했다. 본 실험결과는 도축 전날까지 급여 또는 절식 여부는 숙성 3일 이상일 경우 연도에는 영향을 미치지 않으나, 도축일 아침까지 급여가 보수력을 감소시키므로 도축 하루 전날부터 절식하는 것이 육질을 증가시킨다는 것을 시사하고 있다.

파종기이동(播種期移動)이 Indica친수도품종(親水稻品種)/계통(系統)의 출수기(出穗期)의 생태적(生態的) 변이(變異)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effect of Seeding Seasons on the Ecological Variation of Heading Date of Indica × Japonica Rice Varieties/Pedigrees)

  • 조재성
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.331-339
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    • 1975
  • 최근 새로 육성(育成)된 Indica친수도품종(親水稻品種)/계통(系統)의 파종기이동(播種期移動)에 따르는 출종기(出種期)의 생태적변이(生態的變異)를 구명(求明)하기 위하여 21개(個) Indica친수도품종(親水稻品種)/계통(系統)과 대비품종(對比品種)으로 13개(個) Japonica 품종(品種)을 4월(月) 1일(日)부터 10일(日) 간격(間隔)으로 6회파종(回播種)하고 한편으로 단일처리구(短日處理區)와 고온처리구(高溫處理區)를 설치(設置)하여 각품종(各品種)/계통(系統)의 출종기(出種期)를 조사분석(調査分析)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) Japonica 품종(品種)은 물론 Indica친품종(親品種)에서도 파종기(播種期)가 늦어짐에 따라 출수(出穗)까지의 일수(日數)는 거의 직선적(直線的)인 단축(短縮)을 보였다. 2) Japonica 수도품종군(水稻品種群)에서는 조생종(早生種)은 고온(高溫)에 의한 출수기(出穗期)의 단축효과(短縮效果)가 컷으나 중만생종에서는 약간의 단축효과(短縮效果)를 보였거나 혹은 약간 늦어 졌는데 Indica친수도품종(親水稻品種)/계통상(系統詳)에서는 대체로 품종(品種)의 조만생에 관계(關係)없이 고온조건하(高溫條件下)에서는 출수기(出穗期)가 오히려 현저히 늦어졌다. 3) Japonica 수도품종군(水稻品種群)에서는 출수기(出穗期)의 단축(短縮)에 미치는 단일(短日)의 효과(效果)가 중만생종에서 크고 조생종(早生種)에서 작았으나 Indica친수도품종(親水稻品種)/계통군(系統群)에서는 단일효과(短日效果)가 품종(品種)의 조만성과는 전혀 무관(無關)하게 나타났다. 4) 고온조건하(高溫條件下)에서의 출수(出穗)까지 일수(日數)는 Japonica품종군(品種群)이나 Indica 친품종군(親品種群)에서 모두 일반재배시(一般栽培時)의 출수(出穗)까지 일수(日數)보다 길었는데 단일조건하(短日條件下)에서는 Japonica 계수도품종군(系水稻品種群)의 출수(出穗)까지 일수(日數)는 일반재배시(一般栽培時)의 출수(出穗)까지 일수(日數)보다 짧았으나 Indica친수도품종군(親水稻品種群)에서는 일반재배시(一般栽培時)의 출수(出穗)까지 일수(日數)보다 길었다. 5) Japonica계(系)나 Indica친수도품종군(親水稻品種群)에서 모두 각파종기(各播種期)에서의 품종(品種)의 조만성과 일반대배시(一般對培時)의 품종(品種)의 조만성간에는 고도(高度)의 유의상관(有意相關)이 인정(認定)되었다. 6) Japonica 계수도품종군(系水稻品種群)에서는 파종기(播種期)지연에 따르는 출수(出穗)까지 일수(日數)의 단축율(短縮率)과 품종(品種)의 조만성간에 비교적(比較的) 높은 상관(相關)($P{\fallingdotseq}0.1$)이 인정(認定)되었으나 Indica친품종군(親品種群)에서는 이 양자문(兩者問)에 전혀 상관관계(相關關係)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다.

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병원중심 가정간호사업 관리대상범위 확대를 위한 기초연구 (A Preliminary Study for Expending of Hospital-Based Horne Health Care Coverage - Focused on Accident Inpatients Who has the Workers Compensation Insurance -)

  • 이숙자;이진경;유호신
    • 가정∙방문간호학회지
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    • 제6권
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    • pp.5-18
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    • 1999
  • This study was attempt to encourage for developing on rehabilitation delivery system and programs as a substitute service instead of hospitalization for accident patients at work, such as hospital based home health care nursing service. It needs vary substitutes service of hospitalization to curtail the length of stay for inpatients who were hospitalized with workers compensation insurance. It focused on developing an estimation of early discharge day of accident inpatients based on a detail statement of treatment for 115 inpatients who were hospitalized at General Hospital in 1997. This study has four specific purpose as follows. First, to find out the status of health service utilization. Second, to estimate the early discharge days and income increasing effect based on the early discharge for those patients. Third, to identify the factors to affect total medical expenditure and the length of stay for those inpatients. Forth, to figure out the need of utilizing home health care nursing service for accident patients. In order to analyze of the length of stay and medical expenditure for inpatients who were hospitalized due to the accident, the authors conducted with micro-analysis and macroanalysis from medical records and medical expenditure records. Micro-analysis was done by nominal group discussion of 4 expertise with the critical criteria. such as a decrease in the amount of treatment after surgery, treatments, tests, drugs and changes in the tests consistency, drug methods, vital signs, start of ROM exercise, doctor's order, patient's outside visiting ability, stable conditions. In addition to identify affected variables for medical expenditure. the length of stay and income effect due to early discharge day, the data was analyzed with multiple regression analysis and linear regression analysis model by SPSS-PC for windows and Excell program. Results of this study as follows. First, the mean length of stay was 37.1 days, whereas the mean length of stay due to early discharge was 28.2 days at the hospital. The estimation of early discharge days were shown that depends on the length of stay. The longer length of stay, the longer length of early discharge days, such as under 7 days length of stay patients was to estimated the mean length of stay was 4.9 days and early discharge days was 4.6. whereas the mean length of stay was 122.6 days and early discharge days was 92.0 respectively. The mean medical expenditure per day were found to be 133.409 Won. whereas the mean medical expenditure per day was shown negative linear trends according to the length of stay at the hospital. The estimation results of the income effect due to 11 early discharge days per bed was around 2,150,000 won. However, it means not the real benefits from early discharge, but the income increasing amount without considering medical prime cost in general hospital. Therefore, it needs further analysis on the cost containments and benefits under the considering as well turn over rates per bed as the medical prime costs. The length of stay was most significant and the sign was positive to the total medical expenditure, as expected. Surgery and patient's residential area also an important variable in explaining medical expenditure. The level of complications was most significant variable in explaining the length of stay. The level of the needs on horne health care nursing service which can be used for early discharge accident patients were shown very high. The needs distribution varied from 65.5% of patients and 88.9% of caregivers, to 96.4% of doctors, and 99.1% of nurses. In addition horne health nurse responded that they can be managed the accident inpatients from early discharge. From these research findings. the following suggestions has been drawn it needs to develop strategies on rehabilitation delivery system in order to focused on consumer's side which is planned for 21 century health policy in Korea. Vary intermediate facilities and horne health care would have been developed in the community based for comprehensive rehabilitation services as a substitutes of hospitalization for shortening the length of stay of hospitalizations. In hospital based horne health care nursing service, it's available immediately to utilize for the patients who wanted rehabilitation services as a substitutes of hospitalization under the cooperations with workers compensation insurance company.

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야간조명에 대한 대ㆍ소맥의 생육 및 수량반응 (Effect of Night Illumination on Growth and Grain Yield of Wheat and Barley)

  • 김영용;김충국;김시주;강병화
    • 한국농림기상학회지
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.18-22
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    • 2002
  • 야간조명이 주요 밀ㆍ보리 품종의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 작물시험장 포장에서 나트륨 등을 이용하여 1.2∼20 Lux가 되게 야간조도를 조절하여 일몰 후부터 일출 전까지 전 생육기간 동안 매일 점등을 실시하였고, 2 Lux이하, 2.1∼5.0 Lux, 5.1∼10 Lux, 10∼20 Lux로 구분하여 조사하였다. 대맥 3품종 (강보리, 서둔찰보리, 올보리)과 소맥 4품종(금강밀, 그루밀, 조광, 장광)을 공시하여 실험하였다. 야간조도에 따른 대ㆍ소맥의 성숙기 간장은 조도가 높아질수록 모든 품종에서 단간화되는 경향을 보였고, 파성 I인 강보리의 변이가 가장 심하였으며, 소맥보다 대맥의 간장변이가 더 심하였다. 절수, 망장, 간직경은 전반적으로 야간조도의 증가에 따라 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였으나, 처리간ㆍ품종간 차이는 크지 않았다. 야간조도 증가에 따른 대맥의 절간장 감소는 상위 4ㆍ5절 이상에서 심하였으며, 수장의 감소 정도는 대ㆍ소맥이 비슷하였으나. 소맥품종 간에는 숙기가 늦은 품종일수록 영향을 크게 받았다. 출수소요일수는 야간조도 증가에 따라 단축되는 경향을 보였으며, 단축정도는 10∼20 Lux에서 2∼10일로 대ㆍ소맥이 비슷하였고, 출수기와 수전일수도 강보리를 제외하고는 품종간ㆍ맥종간 차이가 크지 않았다. 야간조도 증가에 따른 수량 감소는 2∼5 Lux 조건에서 대맥 12.5%, 소맥 11.0%였으며, 10∼20 Lux에서는 대맥 34.6%, 소맥 29.3% 의 감소를 보여, 조도의 증가에 따라 수량이 감소되었으며, 소맥보다 대맥의 감소정도가 더 심하였다. 품종간에는 대맥은 파성이 낮은 강보리(I)가, 소맥은 숙기가 늦은 조광, 장광이 조도 증가에 따른 수량감소가 심하였다. 천립중은 야간 조도 증가에 따라 다소 증가 되는 경향을 보였으나 그 차이가 크지 않았다. 야간조도 증가에 따른 수량감소의 주 원인은 수수와 일수립수의 감소에 의한 것으로 보이며, 수수보다는 일수립수의 감소가 직접적인 영향을 준 것으로 사료되었다.

압력조절환기법에서 압력상승시간(Pressure Rise Time)이 흡기 일환기량 및 가스교환에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Pressure Rise Time on Tidal Volume and Gas Exchange During Pressure Control Ventilation)

  • 정병오;고윤석;심태선;이상도;김우성;김동순;김원동;임채만
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제48권5호
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    • pp.766-772
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    • 2000
  • 배경 : 압력조절환기법(pressure control ventilation mode, PCV)에서 설정된 기도압의 달성은 기도저항이 일정한 조건에서 초기 흡기 유량 (inspiratory flow)에 의해 결정되며 압력상승시간(pressure rise time) 조절은 이 흡기 유량을 변동시킨다. 압력조절환기법에서 흡기 일환기량은 흡기 시간과 흡기 시간내 평균 흡기 유량에 따라 결정되므로 압력 도달 시간을 짧게 하면 초기 유량이 많아지게 되고 따라서 흡기되는 용적이 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 압력조절환기 법에서 압력상승시간을 줄이는 것이 흡기 일환기량 및 가스교환을 호전시키는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 호흡부전으로 기계호흡 중인 환자 13명(58$\pm$16세, 남 : 여=7 : 6)에서 Servo 300 (Simens-Elema, Solna, Sweden) 상의 압력상승시간 10%. 5% 및 30분 간 씩 적용하고 동맥혈 검사, 혈역동학적 지표(혈압, 분당맥박수) 및 호흡 지표(일회 호흡량, 최대 흡기유량, 최대 흡기압, 평균 기도압, 기도저항, 탄성도, 호기말 이산화탄소, 동맥혈가스)를 측정하였다. 결과 : 1) 압력상승시간이 10%, 5%, 0%로 변경시 일회 호흡량은 425$\pm$94 ml, 439$\pm$101 ml, 456$\pm$106ml로 증가되었다(p<0.001). 압력상승시간 단축에 따라 평균기도압 역시 증가되었다(각각 11.2$\pm$3.7cm $H_2O$, 12.0$\pm$3.7 cm $H_2O$, 12.5$\pm$3.8 cm $H_2O$; p<0.001). 2) pH는 10% 와 5% 보다 0%에서 높았으며(각각 7.40$\pm$0.08, 7.40$\pm$0.92, 7.41$\pm$0.96 ; p<0.0), $PaCO_2$도 10%와 5%에서 보다 0%에서 낮았다(각각 47.4$\pm$15.8 mm Hg, 47.2$\pm$15.7 mm Hg, 44.6$\pm$16.2 mm Hg ; p<0.01). 결론 : 압력조절환기법에서 압력상승시간의 단축은 일환기량과 평균기도압을 증가시키고, 동맥혈이산화탄소분압 저하 및 이에 따른 pH 상승 효과가 있었다. 압력조절 환기법에서 압력상승시간은 일환기량을 조절할 수 있는 한 변수로 사료된다.

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넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)육의 사후 조기 변화 -4. 치사 방법이 육의 사후 경직도와 파괴 강도에 미치는 영향- (Early Changes after Death of Plaice, Paralichthys olivaceus Muscle -4. Effect of Killing Methods on Rigor Index and Breaking Strength of Muscle-)

  • 조영제;이남걸;김육용;김재현;최영준;김건배;이근우
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 1994
  • 넙치를 시료로 치사 방법(즉살, 고민사, 마취사 및 전기 자극사)을 달리하여 치사시킨 후에 저장하면서 치사 조건이 사후 조기의 어육의 사후 경직도와 파괴 강도의 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 사후 경직의 개시 시간은 전기 자극사와 고민사에서 현저히 단축되었고, 경직 개시 시간과 완전 경직 도달 시간은, 각각 전기 자극사일때 0시간과 9시간, 고민사일때 0시간과 13시간, 즉살일때 10시간과 36시간, 그리고 마취사일때 20시간과 56시간이었다. 2. 파괴 강도가 최대값에 도달하는 시간과 그 때의 값은 각각 전기 자극사일때 치사 직후에 $1,230.60{\pm}30.32g$, 고민사일때 2.5시간과 $1,235.83{\pm}35.37g$, 즉살일때 10시간과 $1,186.29{\pm}55.90g$, 그리고 마취사일때 15시간과 $1,189.67{\pm}50.32g$으로, 전기자극사와 고민사일때가 최대값이 높았고 그 저하 속도도 빨랐으며, 마취사일때는 파괴 강도가 최대로 되는 시간이 연장되었다. 3. 어체의 사후 경직도와 어육의 파괴 강도 사이에는 상관 관계가 없었으며, 사후 경직 개시기를 전후하여 파괴 강도가 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과로부터, 활어를 전기 자극사시킴으로서 치사 직후에 육질을 단단하게 만들 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 또 마취사시키므로서 육질이 단단해지는 현상의 발생을 지연시킬 수 있으므로, 이런 방법들은 회맛의 향상 및 즉살 활어의 수송에 응용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

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재가 만성 뇌졸중 편마비 환자의 가정 재활운동 프로그램의 효과 (The Effect of Home Rehabilitation Exercise Program of Home Stayed Chronic Hemiplegic Stroke Patients)

  • 노국희
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.77-94
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    • 2002
  • This study was a quasi-experimental study of nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest design to investigate the effect of home rehabilitation exercise program on the physical and psychological functions of home stayed chronic hemiplegic stroke patients. The data were collected during the period of May 20th to August 15th, 200l. The subjects for this study were 40 hemiplegic stroke patients with the experimental group consisting of 19 patients and the control group being composed of 21 patients. The patients selected for this study were: (a)living in J city who had been diagnosed with stroke and at home after being discharged from the hospital, (b) suffering from stroke for 6 months to 5 years, (c) without recognition disorder with the MMSE-K(Mini-Mental State Examination-K)score above 25, (d) below 2 on the modified Ashworth scale, (e)free from heart and pulmonary disease, (f)able to walk beyond 15 minutes for themselves, (g) not taking regular exercises. The program for the experimental group provided 8 weeks' home rehabilitation exercise, two times of group education during the first week and individual education and supportive care after the second week through home visiting and telephoning more than once a week. The amount of time spent on rehabilitation exercise by the experimental group was 35 to 50 minutes a day, three times a week. In order to understand the effects of experiment the two groups were compared and verified by measuring the physical and psychological functions of both groups. The data were analysed by $\chi^{2}-test$, paired t-test and unpaired t-test and ANCOVA through SAS/PC program. The results of the study were as follows: 1. In terms of physical variables: grip strength. lower extremity muscle strength, walking time, ADL and serum lipid levels 1) There was no significant difference in the unaffected and affected grip strength between the two groups, even though the unaffected and affected grip strength was more improved in the experimental group than in the control group. 2) There was no significant difference in the unaffected lower extremity muscle strength between the two groups, even though the unaffected lower extremity muscle strength was more improved in the experimental group than in the control group. There was no significant difference either in the affected lower extremity muscle strength between the two groups, even though the affected lower extremity muscle strength was more improved in the experimental group than in the control group. 3) There was significant difference in walking time between the two groups. Walking time was significantly reduced in the experimental group whereas it increased in the control group. 4) There was significant difference in ADL score between the two groups. ADL score was significantly increased in the experimental group, but it significantly decreased in the control group. 5) There was significant difference in serum total cholesterol level between the two groups. After experiment the serum T-C level became lower in the experimental group whereas it became sigficantly higher in the control group. 2. In terms of psychological variables: depression and self-esteem 1) There was no significant difference in the depression between the two groups, even though the depression showed constant in the experimental group, but it showed a significant increase in the control group. 2) There was no significant difference in the self-esteem between the two groups, even though the self-esteem showed some increase in the experimental group, but it significant decrease in the control group. As shown above, the results of 8 weeks' home rehabilitation exercise program for chronic hemiplegic stroke patients produced positive effects on walking time, ADL score and serum T-C level, shortening walking time, improving activities of daily living(ADL) and lowering serum total cholesterol level.

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질소시용, 예초 및 재식밀도가 한국잔디(Zoysia Japonica Steud)의 생육에 미치는 영향 (Studies on the growth of Korea Lawn Grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.)in Reponse to Nitrogen Application, Clipping Treatment and Plant Density)

  • 심재성
    • 자연과학논문집
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    • 제1권
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    • pp.61-113
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    • 1987
  • The increasing emphasis placed on the production of fine turf for lawns, golf courses, parks, and other recreational sites has led to many unsolved problems as to how such turf could be best established and mainteined. For this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted under con ditions of pot and field. The results obtained were as follows EXPERIMENT I. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and clipping interval on Zoysia japonica. 1. Increasing the rate of nitrogen and frequent clipping increased tiller number of Zoysis japonica and the maximum number of tillers were obtained from 700 kg N application and freqnent clippings (10 days interval ) in October. Treatment of 350kg N with 10 days clipping interval increased tillers much more than those of 700 kgN with 20 and 30 days clipping intervals. 2. The average number of green leaves occurred during the growth period maximized by applying 700 kg N and clipping 10 days interval. 3. Increasing tiller numbers significantly decreased tops DM weight per tiller by clipping plants at interval of 10 and 20 days, irrespective of nitrogen applied, and with nil N, at the interval of 30 days. By applying 700 kg N, however, top DM weight per tiller increased as the number of tillers increased consistently. 4. The highest top DM weight was achieved from late August to early September by applying 350 and 700kgN. 5. During the growth period, differences in unders ( stolon + root ) DM weight occurred bynitrogen application were found between nil N and two applied nitrogen levels, whereas, at the same level of nitrogen applied, the increase in stolon DM weight enhanced by lengthening the clipping interval to 30 days. 6. Nitrogen efficiency to green leaves, stolon nodes and DM weight of root with high nitrogen was achieved as clipping interval was shortened. 7. By increasing fertilizer nitrogen rate applied, N content n the leaves and stems of Zoysiajaponica was increased. On the other hand, N content in root and stolon had little effect onfertilizer nitrogen, resulting in the lowest content among plant fractions. The largest content of N was recorded in leaves. Lengthening the clipping interval from 10 or 20 to 30 days tends to decrease the N content in the leaves and stems, whereas this trend did not appeared in stolon androot. 8. A positive correlations between N and K contents in tops and stolon were established andthus K content increased as N content in tops and stolon increased. Meanwhile, P content was not affected by N and clipping treatments. 9. Total soluble carbohydrate content in Zoysia japonica was largest in stolon and stem, and was reduced by increasing fertilizer nitrogen rate. Reduction in total soluble carbohydrate due to increased nitrogen rate was severer in the stolons and stems than in the leaves. 10. Increasing the rate of nitrogen applied increased the number of small and large vascular bundles in leaf blade, but shortened distance among the large vascular bundles. Shortening the clipping interval resulted in increase of the number of large vascular bundles but decrease ofdistance between large vascular bundles.EXPERIMENT II. Growth response of Zoysia japonica imposed by different plant densities. 1. Tiller numbers per unit area increased as plant density heightened. Differences in num ber between densities at higher densities than 120 D were of no significance. 2. Tiller numbers per clone attained by 110 days after transplanting were 126 at 40D,77 at 80D, 67 at 120D, 54 at 160D, and 41 at 200D. A decreasing trend of tiller numbers per clone with increasing density was noticable from 100 days after transplanting onwards. 3. During the growth period, the greatest number of green leaves per unit area were attainedin 90days after transplanting at 160D and 200D, and 100 days after transplanting at 40D, 80Dand 120D. Thus the period to reach the maximum green leaf number with the high plantdensity was likely to be earlier that with the low plant density. 4. Stolon growth up to 80 days after transplaning was relatively slow, but from 80 daysonwards, the growth quickened to range from 1.9 m/clone at 40D to 0.6m/clone at 200Din 200 days after transplanting, these followed by the stolon node produced. 5. Plant density did not affect stolon weight/clone and root weight/clone until 80 daysafter transplanting. 6. DM weight of root was heavier in the early period of growth than that of stolon, butthis trend was reversed in the late period of growth : DM weight of stolon was much higherthan that of root.EXPERIMENT Ill. Vegetative growth of Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella as affected by nitrogen and clipping height. 1. When no nitrogen was applied to Zoysia japonica, leaf blade which appeared during theAugust-early September period remained green for a perid of about 10 weeks and even leavesemerged in rate September lived for 42 days. However, leaf longevity did not exceed 8 weeks asnitrogen was applied. In contrast the leaf longevity of Zoysia matrella which emerged during the mid August-earlySeptember period was 11 weeks and, under the nitrogen applied, 9 weeks, indicating that thelife-spen of individual leaf of Zoysia matrella may be longer than that of Zoysia japorica. Clipping height had no effect on the leaf longevity in both grasses. 2. During the July-August period, tiller number, green leaf number and DM weightof Zoysia japonica were increased significantly with fertilizer nitrogen, but were not with twolevel of clipping height. This trend was reversed after late September ; no effect of nitrogen wasappeared. Instead, lax clipping increased tiller number, green leaf number and DM weight. Greenleaves stimulated by lax clipping resulted in the occurrance of more dead leaves in late October. 3. Among the stolons outgrown until early September, the primary stolon was not influencedby nitrogen and clipping treatments to produce only 2-3 stolons. However, 1st branch stoIon asaffected by nitrogen increased significantly, so most of stolons which occurred consisted of 1st branch stolons. 4. Until early September, stolon length obtained at nil nitrogen level was chiefly caused bythe primary stolons. By applying nitrogen, the primary stolons of Zoysia japonica waslonger than 1st branch stolons when severe clipping was involved and in turn, shorter than 1stbranch stolons when lax clipping was concerned. In Zoysia matrella, 1st branch stolons were muchlonger than the primary stolon when turf was clipped severely but in conditions of lax clippingthere was little difference in length between primary and 1st branch stolons. 5. Stolon nodes of both Zoysia japonica and Z. matrella were positively influenced by nit rogen, but no particular increase by imposing clipping height treatment was marked in Zoysiamatrella. Although the stolon of Zoysia japonica grew until late October, the growthstimulated by nitrogen was not so remarkable as to exceed that by nil N.

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남부지역 콩 만파에 따른 품종별 생육 및 수량반응 (Growth and Yield Components Responses to Delayed Planting of Soybean in Southern Region of Korea)

  • 박현진;한원영;오기원;김현태;신상욱;이병원;고종민;백인열
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제59권4호
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    • pp.483-491
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 장류용 콩 품종의 논 재배 시 만파에 따른 생육 및 수량성 변이를 검토하기 위하여 경남 밀양에서 2012년부터 2013년에 걸쳐 수행하였다. 이용된 품종은 대원콩, 남풍, 대풍, 새단백, 선유, 우람, 천상, 태광 등의 중만생종품종과 참올, 황금올의 조생종 품종이었으며 6월 20일, 7월 5일, 7월 20일 세 차례에 걸쳐 파종하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 경장은 중만생종에서 만파할수록 대체로 감소하였으며 조생종에서는 유의한 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 7월 20일 파종 시 분지수는 태광, 대풍, 선유, 참올 등에서 많이 발생하였고 마디수는 우람, 천상에서 가장 많았다. 2. 대부분 품종에서 6월 20일 파종 시에 가장 많은 협수를 기록하였으나 대풍, 우람, 천상은 7월 5일 파종 시에 오히려 협수가 많았다. 3. 만파 시 백립중은 적기 파종과 비교하였을 때 감소하였으며 수량은 적기 파종과 만파 시 모두 대풍, 태광, 우람 순으로 가장 높았다. 4. 만파에 따른 수량감소율은 남풍이 9.6%로 가장 낮아 만파적응성이 가장 높은 품종인 것으로 보인다. 5. 파종기에서 개화기까지의 기간은 파종기가 늦춰지더라도 비교적 일정하였으나 개화기에서 성숙기까지는 만파할수록 크게 단축되었다. 중만생종 중 선유, 조생종 중 황금올은 등숙기간의 단축이 가장 적어 만파에 따른 영향을 가장 적게 받는 것으로 나타났다.