• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.249-258
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• 1988

Changes in starch content and activities of ADPG- and UDPG-starch synthase and $\alpha$- and, $\beta$-amylase were studied in order to investigate effects of gibberellic aicd and abscisic acid on endogenous starch content during shoot differentiation and protocorm propagation in Cymbidium spp. (Jungfrau) protocorm. Shoot differentiation was promoted during the degradation of endogenous starch and protocorn propagation was promoted during starch accumulation in protocorm. The activities of ADPG- and, UDPG-starch synthase and $\alpha$- and $\beta$-amylase seemed to be related with starch content. Shoot differentiation and protocorm propagation were slightly inhibited in protocorm explants treated with 100$\mu$M gibberellic acid. The explants treated with 10$\mu$M abscisic acid lost the capacity for shoot differentiation and protocorm propagation, and that could not be overcome by 100$\mu$M gibberellic acid added to culture medium. Starch content fluctuated as the control even after 10$\mu$M abscisic acid. None the less, the treatment completely inhibited shoot differentiation and protocorm propagation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2005

This work described some essential factors necessary for micro-propagation of banana for mass production of synthetic seeds for germ plasm conservation, and how peroxides activity of conserved tissue was influenced. Shoot tips of field grown plants were used to obtain shoot clusters on shoot proliferation medium (MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l BAP). Using longitudinally-split shoot tip technique, 18720, 8640, 7488, 2016 plantlets were obtained from one shoot tip of Maghraby, Grand Naine, Balady, and Williams, respectively, in six subculture, one month each, on solid medium. Shoot tips excised from in vitro grown plantlets were encapsulated in calcium-alginate beads and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for one month on half-strength MS basal medium without growth regulators or sugars. After one month all the viable-conserved synseeds formed shoots when they were transferred to MS basal medium, some of them showed synchronous formation of shoot and root systems in one week. Plants retrieved from encapsulated shoot tips were hardened off and transferred to soil.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 1999

In order to establish in vitro propagation method of sundew, Drosera rotundifolia L., the effects of MS medium concentration, cytokinin type and concentration, pH, and auxin type and concentration on shoot proliferation and root formation were investigated using shoots at 3 month after seed germination. The highest shoot production was obtained with the half strength of MS ($\frac{1}{2}$ MS) medium than with any other strength of MS medium tested. Addition of kinetin or BA in $\frac{1}{2}$ MS medium was strongly suppressed shoot proliferation. The suppression of shoot proliferation was more effective in BA-supplemented $\frac{1}{2}$ MS medium than kinetin-supplemented. The optimum pH of the media for shoot proliferation was pH 5.7-6.7. Shoots were subcultured in $\frac{1}{2}$ MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L 2,4-D for rooting every 8 weeks. All subcultured shoots produced extensive root systems after 5 to 6 week culture. Plantlets after root development were planted in plastic pots filled with moss. The survival rate of plantlets was almost 100%. On subculturing every 8 weeks, hundreds of the plants were propagated from a single plant within a year.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 1995

The experiment was conducted to identify the optimal in vitro propagation condition for P. lactiflora Pall. Through apical shoot tip and axillary shoot tip culture of winter bud. When apical shoot tip and axillary shoot tips excised from winter bud were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of plant growth regulators, all the apical shoot tips elongated regardless of the composition of the medium but axillary shoot tips responded differently. Shoot of 'Uisong' local cultivate was well elongated in the medium containing 0.01mg/L NAA. Frequency of shoot formation and subsequent shoot growth in axillary shoot tip culture were promoted in the medium containing 0.01 mg/L NAA and 5.0mg/L zeatin. 30% of the elongated shoots were vigorously rooted on the medium containing 0.1mg/L NAA with vermiculite as a support medium.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.316-320
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• 2003

A protocol is described for rapid multiplication of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC. (Rutaceae), an important aromatic and medicinal plant, through shoot-tip explant cultures. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of N-6-benzyladenine (BA), N-6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ), in single or in combination with ${\alpha}-naphthaleneacetic$ acid (NAA), was used to determine the rate of shoot proliferation. N-6-benzyladenine (BA) used at 0.5mg/l, was the most effective in initiating multiple shoot proliferation at the rate of 23 microshoots per shoot-tip explants after 40 days of culture. Shoot multiplication increased 1.2-fold in each successive subculture. Induction of rooting (98%) was achieved by transferring the shoots to the same basal medium containing 2 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Plantlets went through a hardening phase in a controlled growth chamber, prior to in vivo transfer. These results represented that possible application for the mass production of plantlets through in vitro culture system of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.432-435
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• 2006

A rapid and mass propagation method for multiple shoots and plant regeneration using bulb scales of Muscari comosum var. plumosum were developed. In vitro different parts of bulb scale as explants were cultured on 11 kinds of MS (1962) media supplemented with various plant growth regulators to induce shoot and callus. A combination of 2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 2.0 mg/L IBA on MS medium was the most favorable and induced the highest production (80%) of shoot formation after 30 days. We also found that the middle part of bulb scale was the best for mass propagation of Muscari comosum var. plumosum of which production could reach 64.4%.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 2008

Swertia chirata is an endangered gentian species that prefers to grow at higher altitudes. This ethnomedicinal herb is known primarily for its bitter taste caused by the presence of important phytochemicals that are directly associated with human health benefits. Due to a continuous loss of habitat and inherent problems of seed viability and seed germination, alternative strategies for propagation and conservation are urgently required to prevent the possible extinction of this species. We have formulated a reproducible protocol for the rapid propagation and conservation of this plant using leaves taken from in vitro shoot cultures. Direct induction of more than seven shoot buds per explant was achieved for the first time when the explants were placed on MS medium supplemented with $2.22{\mu}M$ N-6-benzyladenine, $11.6{\mu}M$ kinetin, and $0.5{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}-naphthalene$ acetic acid. Direct organogenesis was noted exclusively from the adaxial surface of the basal segments of leaves. Leaves closer to the apical meristem were more responsive than those farther away from the meristem. Plants raised through direct organogenesis were evaluated for their clonal fidelity by chromosomal analysis and DNA fingerprinting. Complete plants were successfully transferred to the field condition and produced viable seeds. Given the enormous potential of this age-old medicinal plant in terms of potential health-benefitting drugs, this protocol can be used for commercial propagation purposes and to initiate future genetic improvement studies.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

This study was conducted to establish mass propagation system from the axillary bud culture of chrysanthemum zawadskii H. which was used as material of medicinal plants. Shoot egeneration was better on MS medium with NAA and BA. The optimum concentraions of growth regulator for shoot regeneration differed depending on accessionsof C. Zawadskii. Shoot regeneration in Keungucheolcho was better on MS Medium with NAA 0.01mg/1 and BA 0.1mg/1 while Hyangrobonggucheocho was better with NAA 0.1mg/1and BA 0.3mg/1. Addition of NAA into medium was effective for induction of root from shoots regenerated. Shoot multiplcation was more effective when 10mg/1 spermine was added into medium than when other polyamines were treated ino medium . Randomly and specifically amplified polymorphic DAC banding patterns based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were used to assess the genetic variation of plants regenerated from in vitro culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.518-521
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• 2009

High productivity of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was obtained from the rhizome produced by shoot-tip culture with Korean native variety, Seosanjong. Seed rhizomes induced by shoot-tip culture were successfully established in the field. The rhizomes induced by both plant or rhizome were higher in emergence rate and faster in days to emergence than those of home seed production. The seed rhizome production induced by shoot-tip culture was two times heavier than that of home seed production. These results suggest that shoot-tip culture might be one of mass propagation methods in seed rhizome of ginger plant.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1990

Changes in polamine titers during shoot differentiation in Cymbidium sp. (Jungfrau) protocorms were studied in order to investigate the mechanism of shoot differentiation by using auxin-inhibitors(PCIB, TIBA), hormones(GA3, ABA, BA), and phenolic compounds (2,4-dichlorophenol, catechol). The shoot differentiation and propagation of protocorms were promoted by PCIB or 2,4-dichlorophenol, and the growth of differentiated shoot were promoted by TIBA or catechol. In BA-treated protocorms, white or brown protocorms were observed. Putrescine was the most abundant polyamine during the propagation and differentiation processes. As compared with putrescine, spermidine did not show significant changes and spermine was not detected at all. Putrescine titers decreased after a temporary increase, and then again increased in the presence of GA3, ABA, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and then again increased in the presence of GA3, ABA, 2,4-dichlorophenol, catechol, or PCIB. But, in BA-treated protocorms, putrescine level was much lower than spermidine.