• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 1993

Methods for shoot proliferation via pulse treatment onto the microshoots of Quercus acutissima, and ex vitro root induction using peat plug systems of the microshoots of 4 oak trees were described. Pulsing solution was prepared by the addition of BA and/or BA plus zeatin onto the aqueous WPM and sterilized distilled water. Using the solution, pulsing time was adjusted at different levels(0. 1, 2, 5. 9, and 24 hours). Although the effect of pulsing solution prepared by the addition of cytokinins onto the sterilized distilled water was slightly lower in shoot proliferation rate, a little higher in shoot elongation was observed compared with that of aqueous WPM. One hour of pulse treatment revealed best in shoot proliferation and its elongation, whereas the increment of pulsing time slightly suppressed the response. In addition, prolonged pulse time resulted high frequency of hyperhydric shoot appearance. Single treatment of BA was better in shoot proliferation than that of BA combination with zeatin, whereas the latter treatment usually showed rapid and healthy shoot growth. For ex vitro root induction using peat plug systems, black oaks(Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis) revealed excellent rootability compared with white oaks(Q. serrata and Q. mongolica). Shoot-tip necrosis of white oaks eras one of the big problems for survival. In this study, we discribed the effect of pulse treatment, successful ex vitro rooting system by the incorporation of peat plug, and the possibilities for the overcoming the obstacles on micropropagation of oaks.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.380-387
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• 2015

Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa, Black chokeberry) is an important cash crop in domestic agriculture. We investigated the effects of plant growth regulators on shoot proliferation and rooting using in vitro tissue culture. The most effective shoot multiplication was observed on WPM (woody plant medium) supplemented with 1.0 mg/L zeatin ($8.3{\pm}1.0$ shoots/explant), while the highest rooting rate was obtained from half-strength WPM with 3.0 mg/L IBA (8.8 roots/explant). The rooted plantlets all survived in the artificial soil mixture (with a mixture of peat moss : perlite : vermiculite, 1:1:1, v/v/v) and grew up relatively uniform, ranging from 14 to 16 leaves, 8 to 10 cm in stem height, and 2.3 to 2.8 mm in stem diameter. While experimenting with 5 different varieties of Aronia, we found out that each variety had different characteristics of shoot proliferation and rooting. The total numbers of proliferated shoots per variety is as follows: $17.4{\pm}0.8$ for Nero, 14 to 15 for Purple and Mackenzie, and 10 for both Viking and Odamamachiko. Rooting rates were also various depending on the variety: 88% of Odamamachiko, 80% of Viking and Purple, and 76% of Nero and 60% of Mackenzie shoots rooted. The survival rate of the rooted plantlets was from 92% to 100%, varying by type. Further growth appeared to be better in auxin-treated plantlets, compared to untreated ones. Our results showed the possibility of establishing an effective in vitro micropropagation system for Aronia melanocarpa.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.305-308
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• 2012

To promote the growth and proliferation of in vitro rose (Rosa hybrida L) shoots, a liquid medium was added to shoot culture. Shoots were obtained by culturing internodes of four cultivars, 'Antique Curl', 'Shiny Orange', 'White Zen', and 'Red Zen', and then were proliferated by the subculture two times. An addition with 10~15 mL of liquid medium enhanced the shoot elongation of all four cultivars. However, the effect of liquid medium addition to culture of in vitro shoot for proliferation was dependent on cultivars of rose.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.159-163
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• 1998

In vitro shoot tip culture technique was established in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia 'Niitaka') as related to tree vigor, sampling time, and plant growth regulators and sucrose supplemented to medium. Shoot tips excised in June from the tree having medium-vigor developed good shoots. BA (1.0 and 2.0 mg/L) without NAA produced shoots suitable for proliferation, and NAA supplemented to medium resulted in poor shoot growth and excessive callus formation. BA of 2.0 mg/L combined with 0.01 mg/L NAA provided shoots suitable for rooting and sucrose of 30 g/L was recommended for proliferation medium. A fourth strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA produced plantlets in good quality of root number and root length.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to develop an effective production system of blueberry plants by using tissue culture technique. Murashige and skoog medium (MS) and woody plant medium (WPM) were compared for shoot formation of highbush blueberries. Also medium supplemented with zeatin/2-isopentenyl adenine (2iP)/benzyl aminopurine (BA) (1, 2/10, 15/4, $6mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)and zeatin/2iP/BA (0.5/10, 15/$0.05mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) as plant growth regulators to determine the effect of shoot formation and shoot proliferation, respectively. The shoot explants cultured on WPM showed higher shoot formation rates, more number of nodes, and longer root length than those on MS medium during the primary culture. Shoots were not formed when the explants were cultured on the medium without plant growth regulators or on only BA. The shoot explants cultured on the medium supplemented with 2iP showed low rates of shoot formation. On the other hand, zeatin was the most effective for shoot formation and growth of the explants. Also influence of different cytokinins (zeatin, 2iP) on the shoot proliferation of subcultured shoot explants was studied. There was no significant difference among the different concentrations of zeatin in the rate of shoot formation and number of shoots. However at higher concentration of zeatin, number of nodes was increased, and shoot length was shorted. The proper concentrations of zeatin for shoot propagation in subculture were found to be $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2002

Effects of difference between day and night temperatures (DIF) and cytokinins on in vitro growth of 'Campbell Early' grape plantlets were investigated, Shoot growth was suppressed by -7DIF (18/$25^{\circ}C$). Effects of BA and TDZ were not affected by DIF. 0DIF (25/$25^{\circ}C$) enhanced the growth with increasing cytokinin level. Kinetin at 10 $\mu$M was the most effective for shoot growth with 87 mm among cytokinins used except for control. Zeatin and kinetin each at 5 $\mu$M significantly increased shoot growth to respective 162 and 110 mm. In 0DIF, two-fold increase of 162 mm was obtained by 5 $\mu$M zeatin. In control, no further shoot proliferation was observed regardless of DIF. In 0 and ＋7DIF (25/18$^{\circ}C$), 4 shoots were observed with 10 $\mu$M BA. Zeatin, 2iP and kinetin resulted in poor shoot proliferation while BA at 10 $\mu$M resulted in profuse branching in all DIFs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.259-274
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• 2017

Platycodon grandiflorum (Bell flower) is an important plant that has traditionally been used as herbal medicine for the treatment of cough, phlegm, sore throats, lung abscesses, chest pains, dysuria, and dysentery. The present study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of inducing shoot and root organogenesis in cultured explants of P. grandiflorum in a range of culture media and through use of various plant growth regulators (PGRs). The plantlets (Stem containing one node) were isolated and cultured on different concentrations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with PGRs. We found that proliferation and elongation of shoots and roots could be achieved on 1/4 MS for P. grandiflorum with wild and green petals and on 1/8 MS for P. grandiflorum with double petals. The highest levels of development and elongation of adventitious shoots and roots were observed when petal explants were cultured on 1/4 MS (pH 3.8) supplemented with 5% sucrose. Increasing the agar concentration reduced shoot growth and rooting potential; nevertheless, the highest number of shoots and roots was observed on 0.6% agar. In the case of growth regulators, 1/4 MS supplemented with $1mg\;L^{-1}$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) was found to be best for shooting, although higher concentrations of BA tended to reduce shoot and root elongation. The highest number of shoots was achieved on $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ thidiazuron (TDZ) from double petal explants grown on 1/8 MS. However, root and shoot elongation were found to decrease when TDZ concentrations were increased. Low concentrations of kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid, indole acetic acid, and 3-indole butyric acid induced shoot and root proliferation and elongation. Taken together, our study showed that low concentrations of PGRs induced the greatest root formation and elongation, showing that the optimal concentration of PGRs for shoot proliferation was species-dependent.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 2000

Shoot proliferation was obtained from shoot tips and nodal explants of Vitex negundo L. on MS medium supplemented with either BAP or KIN (0.1-2.0 mg/L) alone or in combination with NAA (0.1 mg/L). The concentrations of cytokinins combined with NAA produced multiple shoots from shoot tips and nodal explants. The highest mean percentage (84.3$\pm$8.0) of shoot multiplication's were observed on nodal explants in the presence of BAP (1.5 mg/L) and NAA (0.1 mg/L) followed by shoot tips (65.0$\pm$5.0). The regenerated shootlets were rooted on MS basal medium IAA, IBA, NAA (0.1-1.5 mg/L). The maximum number of roots (51.0$\pm$2.6) was achieved on the medium containing IBA (1.0 mg/L) followed by other auxins (NAA, IAA). The regenerated plants were successfully transferred to a mixture of vermiculate and soil. About 95% of the plantlets survived when transferred to the field.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.4
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• pp.452-457
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• 2008

In order to develop an efficient micropropagation technique effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) affecting on shoot proliferation from shoot apex in Pyrus ussuriensis was tested. Generally, there was no conspicuous effect on shoot induction by the treatment of PGRs and one or two shoots/explant were induced when cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA and/or BA plus NAA. Both apical shoot necrosis and hyperhydric shoots were observed frequently in multiplied shoots, and callus was formed at the basal part of shoots. About 20% spontaneous rooting was achieved in growing shoots, however the proliferated shoots exhibited poor rooting rate in gelrite supported media. When we tried to ex vitro rooting of the shoot cutting, the shoot cuttings rooted up to 50% with 100 mg/L IBA application. The rooted plantlets grew normally after acclimatization in the greenhouse.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2005

This work described some essential factors necessary for micro-propagation of banana for mass production of synthetic seeds for germ plasm conservation, and how peroxides activity of conserved tissue was influenced. Shoot tips of field grown plants were used to obtain shoot clusters on shoot proliferation medium (MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l BAP). Using longitudinally-split shoot tip technique, 18720, 8640, 7488, 2016 plantlets were obtained from one shoot tip of Maghraby, Grand Naine, Balady, and Williams, respectively, in six subculture, one month each, on solid medium. Shoot tips excised from in vitro grown plantlets were encapsulated in calcium-alginate beads and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for one month on half-strength MS basal medium without growth regulators or sugars. After one month all the viable-conserved synseeds formed shoots when they were transferred to MS basal medium, some of them showed synchronous formation of shoot and root systems in one week. Plants retrieved from encapsulated shoot tips were hardened off and transferred to soil.