• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2007

Superyachts are passenger vessels whose hull exceeds 24m. They are a kind of luxurious leisure ships. Interior designers can contribute in the field of space design of superyachts. This study is intended to investigate the space elements and their organization of superyachts for putting the base of superyachts interior design. Especially it is focused on the interior space division by structural elements such as the watertight bulkheads and decks. In this study we analyze general arrangements, floor plans of decks, of 31 superyachts and extract space elements and their disposition in three dimension. On the basis of the space arrangement we classify the types of space organization of superyachts. And then we inquire the interior space division of superyachts, which is characterized by the structural elements of the ship. The watertight compartments made by the bulkheads and decks have a great effect on interior space design in super yachts. The results of this study are summed up as follows: At first, the small-size superyacht has 3 decks and the midium or large-size superyachts has 4decks. Secondly, depending on the number of decks the superyachts has several typical patterns of space organization. Thirdly, in general there are 5-6 watertight compartments on a deck depending on the superyachts scale. Finally, there are distinct separation between the passenger's movement and the crew's movement on the ship.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2001년도 Proceeding of KIN-CIN Joint Symposium 2001 on Satellite Navigation/AIS, lntelligence , Computer Based Marine Simulation System and VDR
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• pp.177-186
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• 2001

Based upon the previous experiences and typical oases of typhoon evasion fur ships as well as tile achievement in scientific research in this detrain, we developed the Intelligent Typhoon Evasion System for Ships. It consists of five subsystems, including electronic charts, ship movement management, typhoon information query and automatic plotting, real-time calculation of ship-typhoon situation, intelligent typhoon evasion decision making. With the synthetical application of analogy theory, synoptic chart, satellite cloud picture analysis, typhoon digital forecast and other relevant technologies, we leave established the typhoon evasion data bases. model bases and knowledge bases, which make it possible to automatically track the ships and typhoon paths. The system can realize ship-typhoon situation analysis, risk levee assessment, typhoon paths correction and course synoptic forecast, and intelligent typhoon evasion decision making.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.288-294
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• 2014

Understanding a ship's present position has been one of the most important tasks during a ship's voyage, in both ancient and modern times. Particularly, a ship's dead reckoning (DR) has been used for predicting traffic situations and collision avoidance actions. However, the current system that uses the traditional method of calculating DR employs the received position and speed data only. Therefore, it is not applicable for predicting navigation within the harbor limits, owing to the frequent changes in the ship's course and speed in this region. In this study, planned routes were applied for improving the reliability of the proposed system and predicting the traffic patterns in advance. The proposed method of determining the dead reckoning position (DRP) uses not only the ships' received data but also the navigational patterns and tracking data in harbor limits. The Mercator sailing formulas were used for calculating the ships' DRPs and planned routes. The data on the traffic patterns were collected from the automatic identification system and analyzed using MATLAB. Two randomly chosen ships were analyzed for simulating their tracks and comparing the DR method during the timeframes of the ships' movement. The proposed method of calculating DR, combined with the information on planned routes and DRPs, is expected to contribute towards improving the decision-making abilities of operators.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.114-116
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• 2014

The interpolation of the missing AIS dynamic data can be used for predicting the lost data of the ship's state which is able to product the valuable information for analyzing and investigating the maritime accidents. The previous research proposed some interpolating methods however there exists some problem, firstly, the interpolated parameters such as COG, SOG, HDG weren't described sufficiently and accurately as in AIS message, secondly, each method is only suitable to some kinds of given AIS data, finally at heavy wind and current area, the parameters of AIS dynamic change quickly in short time, therefore, the modelling of the variation of ship's dynamic based on the physical characteristic is very difficult, in these cases the time-series and numerical method are usually better. This research proposes the other method through numerical analysis which can be suitable for many different kinds of the lost data, parameters are interpolated sufficiently, beside that this model is appropriate to all variation in short time interval. All the given AIS dynamic are regarded as the functions to time, then curves are established for fitting all data. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of this approach, the interpolation results show this approach can be applied well in practice.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2011

모함에 연결되어 통신 케이블의 가이드 역할을 하는 탄성 호스는 모함의 운동 조건을 결정하는 중요한 인자이다. 길이가 수 십 미터에 달하는 탄성 호스를 실제 상황에서 실험을 하기에는 어려움이 있으므로 해석을 통해 거동 특성을 분석하고자 한다. 탄성 호스는 곡률 반경에 대한 변형뿐만 아니라 축 방향에 대한 변형도 발생하므로, 축 방향에 대한 변형 구배가 좌표계에서 유도되는 절대 절점 좌표계로 모델링하였으며, 연속체 역학 개념을 도입함으로써 대변형 효과를 표현하도록 하였다. 탄성 호스의 끝 단에 연결된 모함은 강체 모델로 표현하였고, 조향각에 의해 운동이 결정되도록 하였다. 또한, 수중에서 호스가 거동할 때 발생하는 유체 저항력을 고려함으로써 수중에서의 탄성 호스 거동 특성을 분석 하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.512-519
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• 2015

A historical tragic disaster happened by capsizing the passenger ship Sewol at South Western Sea of Korea in 16, April 2014. The ship which left Incheon harbour to bound for Jeju port passed Maengol strait and reached to approach of Byung Pung island, and then capsized and sank with a sudden inclination to the portside in the mean time of starboard the helm. In this time, the ship which has very poor stability without sufficient ballast waters and with over loading cargo listed port side caused by the centrifugal force acting to the outside of turning. A lot of cargoes not fastened moved to the port side consequently, and the ship came to beam end to capsize and sank in the end. No crews including especially captain would offer their own duties in a such extremely urgent time, as a result, enormous number of victims broke out including a lot of student. In this report, author carried out some calculation on the factors which influenced on the stability of the ship, i.e. the ship's speed, the rudder angle, the weight of cargoes and distance of movement, the surface effect of liquid in the tank. We found out that the most causes of capsize were the poor stability with heavy cargoes and insufficient amount of ballast water against the rule, and the cargoes unfastened moved one side to add the inclination as well. Above all, the owner be blamable because of the illegally operating the ship without keeping the rule.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2020

해상교통 분야와 같이 선박, 항해사, 관제센터, 해운선사, 기상시스템, 지리정보시스템 등의 복잡하고 넓은 범위의 요구사항을 갖는 시스템의 모델링 및 시뮬레이션(Modeling and Simulation, M&S)을 위해서는 인간을 포함한 체계가 필요하다. 해상교통을 모의하기 위해서는 주요 요소인 항해사의 인적요인에 대한 모델링이 필요하다. 즉, 현실감 있는 해상교통 상황의 재현 및 예측을 위해 항해사의 행동양식, 항해전문성, 항해오류 등을 모델링하여 반영하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 에이전트 기반의 해상교통 시뮬레이션을 위해서 항해사의 충돌회피를 위한 행동 분석을 수행하였으며, 기초 데이터의 확보를 위해 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사를 통해 분석된 정보를 이용하여 선박 충돌상황에서 항해사의 행동과 유사한 에이전트 기반의 항해행동 모델을 개발하였으며, 해상교통분석 시뮬레이션 플랫폼의 개발을 위해 활용될 것이다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.31-55
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• 1986

Generally, the development of shipping is characterized by the amount of traffic flow (traffic volume) and seaborne cargo in the sea. Movement of ships is an essential element of constructing the traffic flow which is represented the dynamic movement of ships in the sea, but on the other band the numbers of arriving and departing the port is the basic factor consisting of the static movement of ships. The amount of cargoes by coastal vessels and ocean trade vessels have increased tremendously with the great growth of the Korean economy these days. This increase of the seaborne cargoes has made the Korean coastal traffic flow so congested that this can be a cause of large pollution as well as great marine casualities such as a loss of human lives and properties . And also the future coastal traffic is expected to increase considerably according to our economic development and high dependence upon foreign trade. Under the circumstance, to devise the safety of coastal traffic flow and to take a proper step of a efficient navigation, there is a necessity for analyzing and surveying the coastal traffic trend and the characteristics of cargo movement. In order to grasp the dynamic movement of ships in the Korean coast, O/D analysis is executed. This paper aims to secure the basic data necessary for a comprehensive plan and estimation of vessel traffic management system for the enhancement of safety, order and efficiency of vessel traffic in the Korean coast. The analyzed results of the traffic flow and seaborne cargoes of the Korean coast are summarized as follows : 1) The congestion by the vessels occurred around the ports such as-in proportion of ship's number (proportion of tonnage) -Incheon 18.5%(14.8%), Pohang 5.9% (9.9%), Samil 5.2%(8.3%), Mokpo 8.6%(0.8%), Pusan 13.5%(36.4%), Ulsan 9.1%(16.2%). 2) It is found that the area adjacent to Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan, Channel of Hanryu and South-western area are heavily congested. 3) It is confirmed thatthe area adjacent to Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan, Channel of Hanryu and South-western area are heavily congested. 3) It is confirmed that the coastal vessels are main elements constituting the coastal traffic and that there are much traffic flow among five ports as following through the precise O/D analysis of ship's coastal movement. Incheon-Samil, Ulsan, Pusan, Jeju Pusan -Samil, Ulsan, Incheon, Jeju Pohang -Samil, Inchoen, Jeju Pohang -Samil, Incheon, Jeju Ulsan -Samil, Incheon, Jeju Samil -Ulsan, Pusan, Incheon 4) The amount of cargoes to abroad are in proportion about 81% of total and the amount of coastal cargoes are about 19%. Of those, cargoes in and out to Japan are about 26% and to South-east Asia are about 27%. 5) The chief items of foreign cargoes are oil(38.33%), iron ore(13.98%), bituminoous coal(12.74%), grain(8.02%), lumber(6.45%) in the import cargoes and steel material(21.96%), cement(17.16%), oil(6.81%), fertilizer(3.80%) in the export cargoes. 6) The 80.5% of total export cargoes and 92.4% of total import cargoes are flowed in five main ports. 7) The chief items of coastal cargoes are oil (42.45%), cement(16.86%), steel material (6.49%), anthracite(6.31%), mineral product(4.3%), grain, and fertilizer. Almost 92.24% of total import and export oil cargoes in Korea is loaded and unloaded at the port of Samil & Ulsan.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2012

Among many factors to be considered for higher safety level requirements, the hull stability in intact and damaged conditions in seaways is of utmost importance. Since the assessment of a damaged ship is complicated due to the highly non-linear behavior, it is widely acknowledged that computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are one of the most feasible approaches. Although many research activities are being reported on the damaged ship stability recently, most of them are not designed for validation of CFD studies. In this study, well-designed model tests were performed to build a CFD validation database, which is essential in developing better CFD methods for the damage stability assessment. The geometry of the damaged compartment and test conditions were determined based on preliminary CFD simulations. Free roll decay tests in calm water with both intact and damaged ships were performed and the roll motion characteristics were compared. The damaged ship showed a larger roll damping coefficient and more rapid decrease of roll amplitude than the intact ship. The primary reason of these efforts can be explained by the movement of the flooded water.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.218-228
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• 2008

This paper describes on the real-time tracking of ship's dynamic behavior by AIS information in the coastal waters. The AIS data was received at a land station by using the antenna of AIS receiver mounted on the rooftop of the laboratory, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Busan, Korea, and stored as a NMEA format of serial output sentence of VDM(VHF Data-Link Message) and displayed on the ENC(Electronic Navigational Chart) of a PC-based ECDIS. In this study, the AIS receiver was mainly used to obtain the dynamic information that is necessary to evaluate and track the movement situation of training ship "KAYA" of PKNU in the coastal waters. The change of position with time for the ship turning under the rudder angle of port $30^{\circ}$ was correctly tracked with the turning circle of 940 m in diameter on the ENC of a PC-based ECDIS. Then, the dynamic information of the AIS system was updated every 6.29 seconds under the turning situation for the speed of 10.9 knots and every 21.65 seconds under the situation running at the speed of 11.05 knots on the straight line route of $155^{\circ}$, respectively. In case of AIS target tracking in the inshore zone behind large topographical obstructions, such as mountain and apartment buildings, the update rate of dynamic information was irregularly changed by the existence of land obstacles. However, the position tracking by AIS information under the situation existing no sea obstructions was achieved in real or near real-time and the instant presentation of course alternations for the ship was correctly monitored by using a PC-based ECDIS. From these results, we concluded that the PC-based ECDIS technology and methodology combined with the AIS information can be easily extended and applied to the surveillance and management for the fishing operation of fishing vessels in the coastal zone and in the EEZ fishing grounds.