• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.776-781
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• 2010

In the ship-handling simulator, it is important for a ship manoeuvring model to represent the dynamic characteristic of a ship and to be simple for reducing calculation time. Especially, even if principal dimensions of a ship are given in initial design stage, or manoeuvring test data are only given by model or real ship's trials, simulations are often needed to check the manoeuvrability of a ship. In this paper, a simple manoeuvring model based on turning test data of a ship is mathematically developed. And the simulation results are verified by comparing with turning test results of a real ship.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.111-124
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• 2002

Ship manoeuvring simulator has been widely utilized for training mariners, for assessing safety, for developing harbour and port, and for designing ships. We discuss a ship manoeuvring simulator which has been newly developed by Korea Maritime University. The simulator consists of simulator bridge and control console. All the computers used in the simulator are connected with one another by UDP or TCP network system. All the instruments are connected with interface computer by signal line which is controlled by RS232 communication protocol, or by voltage controlled A/D board. Next the mathematical model of ship manoeuvring motion in harbour areas, and ship and terrain modeling technique are also briefly discussed. Finally using the simulator an experiment of distance cognition and a simulation example of berthing/deberthing manoeuvre are shown.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2004

Ships' collision accident has often occurred in congested waterways or in harbour areas. To examine the cause of collision accident may be necessary to prevention against another similar one. We discuss the construction of ship-manoeuvring-simulator system used for reproducing ships' collision phenomenon The system consists of one simulator bridge for own ship and two control consoles for own ship and target ship. Own ship and target ship are linked each other, and are simultaneously manoeuvred in simulator bridge or at control console respectively. And a simulator experiment for reproducing ships' collision phenomenon and for examining the cause of accident is carried out. Through the present case study, we find out that the constructed simulator system is very useful for reproducing ships' collision phenomenon and for examining the cause of accident.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.449-453
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• 2002

Recently a ship manoeuvring simulator has been developed by Korea Maritime University. We are desiring to apply the movement of wave to the visual scene of sea state in the simulator. This paper discussed the calculation method and visualization simulation of three dimensional sea state using OpenGL API, and the possibility to apply calculation result to the simulator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.81-87
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• 2004

It includes the considerable concentration and dangerousness as the peculiar work of a pilot and dock-master to berthing/deberthing the big object as for the ship within the port or the ship yard. A tug utilization is getting increased in this berthing/deberthing work and the own ship is affected a lot by external force due to moving with low advance speed. In this study, we constructed the 2 dimension virtual system which can conduct the berthing/deberthing manoeuvring work by using mainly tugs in a external force, particularly strong wind. Also, propose objective standard that could estimate the degree of manoeuvring difficulty, and conducted simulation experiment for this. we analyzed correlations between the subjective estimation which is described numerically the decreased dangerousness and the objective index which is related to the main parameter regarding manoeuvring by using this simulator from the result of conducting simulation experiment. And then we discussed the estimation technique of manoeuvring difficulty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 1998

This paper deals with PC-based ship handling simulator, which is now widely utilized not only for total assessment of safety in harbour area but also for training purpose. The suitable mathematical model for low advance speed manoeuvre is treated with the effects of current, wind, wave, tug force and water depth. We adopt 3 dimensional graphic technique for perspective representation of relative ship motion. Some graphical panels on the screen are devised for data input/output or ship manoeuvring information. We show the real time simulation of berthing menoeuvre applied to Pusan harbour as an example.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.403-412
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• 2019

The characteristics of the manoeuvring motion of a ship are dependent on the ship type, as well as draft or speed in the same ship. In recent years, the number of extra-large vessels has increased significantly, which can cause enormous material and environmental damage in the event of a marine accident. Thus, the importance of ship maneuvering is increasing. The IMO has forced the officers to be trained in simulators through the STCW 95 amendment. However, FMSS is costly and difficult to access and the PC-based simulator has the disadvantage that only one person can engage in simulation. The purpose of this study was to solve the shortcomings of the FMSS and PC-based simulators by enabling multiple people to use their PCs to simulate based on a network. The simulator is implemented through the analysis and numerical calculation of the Nomoto model, Radar function mounting, data transfer protocol design, and GUI building. To verify the simulator, the simulation results were compared and analyzed with the test results of T.S. HANBADA according to the criteria of the Korean Register of Shipping(KR) and IMO standards for ship maneuverability. As a result, It showed a relative error of 0%~ 32.1% with an average of 13.7%, and it satisfied the IMO criteria for ship maneuverability.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.3 s.99
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• pp.189-194
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• 2005

The berthing/deberthing manoeuvring operation is the peculiar work owned to the marine pilot and the dock master. So, in the port or the shipyard, the berthing/deberthing manoeuvring operation requires considerable concentration and bears dangerousness. In that situation, a tug utilization is getting increased and the external forces have an effect on the own ship because of moving with low advance speed. In this study, we constructed the 2-dimensional virtual ship manoeuvring simulator system with which we can carry out the berthing/deberthing manoeuvring operation by using tugs in the external forces such as strong wind. And then, we propose the objective indexes by which the degree of manoeuvring difficulty evaluated. Using the present system, we carry out manoeuvring simulation experiment in order to grasp correlation between the objective indexes proposed here and the def{ree of manoeuvring difficulty felt by operator. Lastly, we discuss the evaluation technique of manoeuvring difficulty.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.631-638
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• 2003

Yaw-checking and course-keeping ability in IMO's ship manoeuvrability standards are reviewed from the viewpoint of safe navigation. Three kinds of virtual series-ships, which have different course instability, are taken as test models. The numerical simulation on Z-test is carried out in order to examine the correlation between known manoeuvrability in spiral characteristics and various kinds of overshoot angle. Then simulator experiments are executed with series-ships in a curved, narrow waterway by six operators(five active pilots and one ex-captain) in order to examine the correlation between known manoeuvrability and degree of manoeuvring difficulty. IMC criteria for yaw-checking and course-keeping ability are discussed and revised criteria are proposed.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.26-36
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• 2002

Yaw-checking and course-keeping ability in IMO's ship rnanoeuvrability standards is reviewed from the viewpoint of safe navigation. Three kinds of virtual series-ships, which have different course instability, are taken as test models. The numerical simulation on Z-test is carried out in order to examine the correlation between known manoeuvrability in spiral characteristics and various kinds of overshoot angle. Then simulator experiments are executed with series-ships in a curved, narrow waterway by five pilots in order to examine the correlation between known manoeuvrability and degree of manoeuvring difficulty. IMO criteria for yaw-checking and course-keeping ability are discussed and new criteria are proposed.