• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.666-683
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• 2021

유머는 일반적으로 긍정적이고 유용한 커뮤니케이션 기법으로 소개된다. 그러나 유머의 모호한 성격과 사용법은 장소와 시간에 따라서 다르게 해석될 수 있으며, 이는 특히 재택근무와 온라인 업무가 많아진 기업 상황에서 의도하지 않은 영향을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 기업 구성원의 공간 개념에 대한 유머의 영향을 알아보고자 하며, 총 62명의 참여자에 대한 질적 연구를 인터뷰와 참여적 관찰을 통해 진행하였다. 연구 참여자들은 유머를 업무와 관련이 없는 일탈적인 행동으로 인식했으며, 일부 사용되는 유머는 무례하고 부적절하다는 인식 또한 존재했다. 그러나 유머라는 일탈적 행위를 실행함으로써 업무의 시작 혹은 종료를 신호하는 의식으로도 사용했다. 참여자들의 유머는 다른 구성원들과 함께 사용함으로써 분위기 및 상황적 인식을 변화하는데 도움을 제공하며, 특히 유머를 통해 만들어지는 즐거운 기분이나 분위기가 기업 구성원의 관계를 (긍정적 혹은 부정적으로) 변화시키고, 업무와 개인적인 활동의 경계를 모호하게 만든다. 따라서, 유머는 사용자의 의도와 관계없이 업무적인 공간과 개인적인 공간의 인식 변화에 영향을 주는 것으로 보인다. 이를 통해 기업들은 변화하는 업무 공간과 관련된 이슈들을 이해하고 관리 방법을 찾는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.154-162
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• 2022

연구목적: 건설현장 안전관리를 인적 역량 중심에서 첨단기술인 AIoT와 Mobile 기술을 활용한 시스템 중심의 관리체계로의 전환을 위한 건설현장 안전관리 활성화 방안을 마련하고자 한다. 연구방법: AIoT와 Mobile 기술을 활용한 건설현장 안전관리 모니터링 시스템이 건설현장의 유효성에 대하여 공동주택현장의 골조공종에 종사하고 있는 작업자를 대상으로 가상휀스, 화재감시, 안전모 미착용 인식 3개의 알고리즘을 적용하여 실험을 실시 하였다. 연구결과: 실험대상 근로자는 215명, 가상휀스 침입은 7.61명으로 불안전 행동 발생율은 실험대상 인원 대비 3.5%, 화재감지는 0.16건으로 실험대상 대비 불안전 행동 발생율이 0.07% 나타났으며, 안전모 미착용 인지는 월 평균 안전모 미착용은 8.79명으로 실험대상 대비 불안전 행동 발생율 4.05% 나타났다. 결론: AIoT와 Mobile 기술을 활용한 건설현장 안전관리 모니터링 시스템이 건설현장에 유효한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.36-55
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• 2022

Purpose: This study explores the diffusion factors of corporate entrepreneurship among members of medical institutions. Methodology/Approach: The study explores the case of Granum Sinapis Center at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the first medical institution to establish a support organization for "innovation and start-up" as well as examines the changes in individual perceptions of participants in the institution's in-house contest. Among the 140 participants in the 2nd Contest held in 2022, seven participants were selected for interview in consideration of their job occupation and years of service. In-depth interviews were conducted for each individual. Findings: The participants applied for the contest under the direct and indirect influence of co-workers as well as compensatory factors. An individual's corporate entrepreneurial characteristics can be innate or acquired. The participants of the in-house contest had a positive experience in contrast to the existing organizational culture. The results reveal that emotional support from top and middle managers, along with the role of dedicated departments, can affect innovative behavior. Practical Implications: Contest participants reported personal growth, improved job satisfaction, and a change in perception of the organizational culture; they expressed their willingness to recommend. The results confirm the need to support such systems and shift focus to managerial (emotional) support and dedicated resources for developing individual entrepreneurship.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.464-470
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• 2023

Objectives: This study evaluated occupational exposures to noise and heat stress during routine non-outage works in three coal-fired power plants in the Republic of Korea. Methods: The data were collected during the summer of 2020. Full shift noise exposure of 52 workers were measured using noise dosimeters. Heat stress of 16 worksites were measured for 70 minutes using wet-bulb globe temperature monitors. Results: The noise dosimetry results revealed time-weighted averages that ranged from 47.5 to 88.9 dBA. 2 out of 52 noise measurements exceeded 85 dBA. Based on the arithmetic mean, the coal service group showed the highest level at 80.2 dBA by job tasks. Noise exposures exceeding 85 dBA were measured in the coal service and plant operator group. Heat stress index measurements ranged from 20.3℃ to 37.2℃. 1 out of 9 indices measured in coal facilities and 4 out of 7 indices measured in boiler house exceeded 1 hour TWA during moderate work. Heat stress indices measured from boiler houses were significantly higher than those measured from coal equipment. Conclusions: The results show that overexposure to noise and heat stress may be encountered during routine non-outage work activities in coal-fired power plants. Appropriate actions should be taken to reduce future health outcome from occupational exposure to noise and heat stress in the industry.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.23-43
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• 1997

The work-related diseases due to continuous overwork are mainly cerebro- and cardio-vascular ones, which is commonly called 'Karoshi', death from overwork. Many factors are capable for Karoshi : occupational stress in relation to technological renovation and industrial rationalization, competitive social structure, and accumulated fatigue accured to long time or irregular working. And its occurence is on the rise. The World Labor Report 1993 released by ILO, pointed out the diseases related to overwork and stress as one of the most important occupational health problem. In Korea, social awareness of Karoshi is at an infant stage, and reliable statistics for its occurence are not compiled in a convenient manner. Despite the rising Karoshi, there are no reliable clauses in workmen's compensation enough to settle down the disputes. Therefore, it is not uncommon that the Labour Ministry and Civil Court find difficulties in reaching an agreement. This study was intended to provide proper compensation and prevention program for workers by suggesting reasonable compensation clauses for the death from overwork. This study consists of two comparative reviews on the compensaton clauses for the death from overwork. One is to review legal standards of Karoshi among three countries, such as Korea, Japan and Taiwan. The other is to investigate the cases of Karoshi in Korea, 121 cases identified at the Labor Welfare Corperation and the Labour Ministrial process of examination and reexamination, and 73 leading cases at the High Court of Justice. The main findings of the study are as follows : 1. Comparisons of comperative review on compensation clauses for the death from overwork among three countries. 1) All of three countries have the same kinds of disease for compensation, which were cerebro-and cardiao-vascular diseases, while for cardiac disease group, Korea has the smaller number of diseases for compensation than Japan. 2) As for the definition of overwork, the three countries share equally that overload for one week prior to collapse is considered as an important factor, but accumulated chronic fatigue is disregarded. 3) As the basis of overwork, in Japan, there is a tendency to move from the conditions of an ordinary healthy adult to those of the individual concerned in Japan, whereas there is no such concern yet in Korea. 4) All the three countries use a common standard of medical judgement in demonstrating causal relationship between a job and a disease. However, Korea is progressive in the sense that in the case of CVA at worksite, the worker himself has no obligation to prove the cause. 2. The results of a comparative review on excutive decisions by Labor Ministry and judicial decisions by the Court in Korea : A judicial decision is based on the legalistic probability, but a excutive decision is not. Therefore, excutive decisions have such restrictions that : 1) TIA (transitory ischemic cerebral attack) and myocarditis are excluded from compensation, and there is little consistency of decision in the case of cause-unknown death. 2) There is a tendency not to compensate for the death from overwork since the work terms such as repeated long-time working, shift work or night-shift work are not considered as overloading. 3) There is a tendency to regard the conditions of a ordinary healthy adult rather than those of the individual concerned(age, existing diseases, health state, etc.) as the comparative basis of overload. 4) There remains a tendency not to compensate for the death from overwork in the case of collapse occuring out of workplace, on the ground of 'on the course of working' and 'in the cause of accident'. Through the study, the fact manifests itself that Korea's compensation clauses for work-related diseases due to overwork are very restrictive. So, it is necessary to extend the Labor Ministry's clauses of compensation for the death from overwork following to the recent changes of other countries and internal judicial decisions. This is very important in the perspective of occupational health that aims at health promotion of workers including prevention of the Karoshi.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.132-146
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• 1995

Even though Korean medical law stipulates that number of patients attended by a nurse is 2.5 for hospitalization and 30 for ambulatory care, the number of patients cared by a nurse per day is much greater than the standard prescribed by the medical law. Current productivity of nurses is not desirable unless the quality of care is considered. And nursing manpower staffing based on neither current nurses' productivity nor standard of medical law cannot respond properly to dynamic situation of the medical services. Under this background, the necessity of more efficient management of nursing manpower occupying 1/3 of total hospital workers has been recognized by many nursing administrators. Many nursing researchers have studied to foretell the nursing manpower objectively on the basis of measured nursing workload according to patient classification as well. Most of These researches, however, have been conducted in the tertiary hospitals, so it is imperative to conduct other researches to predict necessary nursing manpower in the secondary and the primary hospitals. The study was performed to measure nursing workload and predict pertinent nursing manpower to a secondary hospital with 400beds. Nursing workload was surveyed using measuring tool for direct and indirect care hours in a surgical unit and a medical unit. Survey was conducted from Sep.10 to Sep.16 and from Oct.5 to Oct.11, 1994 respectively by two skilled nurses, Subjects were patients, patients' family members and nursing personnels. Results are follows : 1. Patient classification distributed as 22% of class I (mildly ill patient), 57% of class II (moderately ill patient), and 21% of class III (acutely ill patient) in the medical nursing unit, while 23% of class I, 29% of class II, 12% of class III, and 36% of classIV (critically ill patient) in the surgical nursing unit. There was no difference of inpatient number between weekday and weekend. Bed circulation rate was 89% in both units and average patients number per day was 37.4 (total 42beds) in the medical nursing unit, 32.9 (total 37beds) in the medical nursing unit. 2. Direct care hours per day measured as 2.8hrs for class I, 3.3hrs for class II, and 3.5hrs for class III in the medical nursing unit, while 3.1hrs for class I, 3hrs for class II, 2.7hrs for class III, and 2.2hrs for classIV in the surgical nursing unit. Meanwhile, hours for nursing assistant activities per patient by patients' family members were 11mins and 200mins respectively. Direct care hour rate by shift was day 36%, evening 25%, and night 39% in the medical nursing unit, while 40%, 29%, and and 31% respectively in the surgical nursing unit. 3. Measurement and observation activity held 44.2% of direct care activities of nurses and medication 36.7%, communication 11.7%, exercise 1.8%, treatment 1.3%, hygiene 1.3%, elimination and irrigation 1.1%, suction 1%, nutrition 0.5%, thermotherapy 0.3%, oxygen therapy 0.1% in order. 4. Indirect care hours per day were 294.2mins in the medical nursing unit, and 273.9mins in the surgical nursing unit. By shift, evening was the highest in both units. Indirect care hours for each patient were 44.5mins in the medical nursing unit and 46mins in the surgical nursing unit. 5. checking activities including doctor's order, medication, and delivering patients to the next shift occupied 39.7% of indirect care activities, and preparation 26%, recording 23.8%, communication and conference 6.7%, managing equipments 2.1%, messenger activity 1.7% in order. 6. On the ground of these results, nursing manpower needed in a secondary hospital was estimated ; 27 nursing personnels for the medical nursing unit of 37beds, and 20 nursing personnels for the surgical nursing unit of 33beds.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.579-596
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• 1996

중소영세 섬유업체 근로자들 1,138명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 하여 근로자의 보건관리형태에 따른 산업보건에 관한지식, 태도 및 실천의 정도를 비교하고 다음으로는 집단보건관리군 694명만을 대상으로 하여 집단보건관리 기간이 지식, 태도 및 실천에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 1. 보건관리형태에 따라서 산업보건에 관한지식, 태도 몇 실천의 평균점수는 개별보건관리군에서 모두 높았으나 실천의 점수만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러나 비교하고자 하는 두 집단간에는 대부분의 일반 특성이 유의한 차이가 있으므로 이를 교정하고자 중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 중회귀분석 결과, 지식에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 연령, 교육 수준, 총 근무기간이었고, 태도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 연령, 교육수준, 결혼상태였다. 실천에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 성, 연령, 교육수준, 결혼유무, 총 직장근무기간이었다. 연구의 목적인 보건 관리형태별로 비교시는 지식, 태도 및 실천에 미치는 영향은 집단보건관리군의 경우 지식의 평균점수가 조금 높았을 뿐이며, 태도 및 실천의 점수는 낮았다. 그러나 두 가지 보건관리형태에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2. 집단보건관리군에 국한하여 분석한 결과, 보건관리기간(개월수)은 대상 근로자들의 산업보건에 관한 지식, 태도 및 실천 모두에 유의한 영향을 미친다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2002

18세에서 30세 중반 사이의 남자 35명 여자 21명 총 56명을 대상으로 2시간 동안 VDT 작업을 하도록 한 후, 안구 및 전신 증상 등을 조사하고 순목 횟수, 눈물층파괴시간(BUT), 안검열의 높이, 시력, 타각적 굴절력, 조절력 등을 측정하였다. 안구증상에서는 눈의 피로를 느끼는 사람이 34%로 가장 많았고 시기능증상에서는 물체가 흐려 보이는 증상이 83%, 전신증상에서는 어깨가 아픈 사람이 38%로 가장 높게 나타났다. VDT 작업 중의 순목 횟수가 8/min로 휴식 때의 22/min에 비해 많이 감소했다. VDT 작업 직후의 눈물층파괴시간도 약 7초로 작업 전의 약 12초보다 현저히 감소되었다. 안검열의 높이는 작업 전 7.69mm보다 작업 중에는 9.04mm로 증가하였다. 평균 나안시력은 VDT 작업 전에 0.63에서 작업 후에는 0.57로 약 9.5% 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 타각적 굴절이상은 0.28D 정도 근시화 경향이 보였다. VDT 작업 후 조절력은 1.49D 정도 감소하였는데 주로 조절근점 굴절력의 감소가 원인인 것으로 보인다. 폭주근점 굴절력도 0.87D 감소하였다.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.82-111
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• 2010

이 연구는 산학(기업 공고) 연계 맞춤형 인력양성 프로그램(이하 '맞춤과정')을 수료하고 입직하여 2년 정도 근무한 수료근로자 3명을 인터뷰하여 그들의 취업 후 습숙경험을 분석한 것이다. 연구자는 2008년 선행된 경력설계 연구를 기반으로 초기습숙의 과정을 의존적 근로자에서 독립적 근로자로 이행하는 단계로 보고, 맞춤과정 수료근로자가 현장에 배치된 이후 약 2년간 어떤 습숙경험을 하는지에 초점을 두고 면담하고, 그 내용을 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업이 신입자의 습숙을 돕기 위해 실시하는 안내 및 교육으로서는 회사의 역사 및 현황, 근무수칙, 안전 등을 담은 신입사원 교육, 여러 작업 실무현장의 '맛 보이기', 사수-조수관계 맺어주기, 매뉴얼 및 직무기준 제시 등이었다. 이는 '통과의례' 같은 것으로서 습숙의 기본적인 디딤돌이 된다. 둘째, 습숙을 이끌어가는 상호작용과 자기성찰로서 구조화되어 있는 질책, 구성원간 유대, 경험의 누적과 성찰을 통한 깊은 학습 등이 있었다. 공식적 조치에 의해 안면을 익힌 신입자는 선임자의 질책을 받으며 상당기간(1-2년) 험난한 인고의 과정을 거쳐 질책을 받지 않고 스스로 일을 할 수 있는 수준에 이른다. 수직적 위계질서보다 수평적 유대가 강조되는 조직에서는 쉽게 경험을 공유한다. 그리고 제보자는 자신의 경험을 돌아보아 적응하기, 조직에서 살아남기, 발견한 기술을 함께 공유하고 성장하기와 같은 것을 학습하였다. 셋째, 습숙에 장애가 되는 환경 여건으로는 신입자의 습숙에 대한 숙련자의 경계, 장시간 근로와 여유시간의 결핍, 저임금 등이 있었다. 일반적으로 숙련자들은 신입자에게 경계의식을 갖고 자신이 가지고 있는 암묵지를 노출시키려고 하지 않는다. 그러나 수평적 유대가 강조되는 조직에서는 서로 쉽게 기술을 공유한다. 단순 기술과 저임금의 기업특수기술도 습숙동기를 유발하지 못한다. 연구결과는 맞춤과정 개발시 협약기업이 제시하는 직무뿐 아니라 그 직무수행자들을 위한 습숙지원제도 및 과정 등에 대해서도 분석하여 반영해야 함을 시사한다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제6호
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• pp.27-50
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• 2008

This thesis examines contemporary Chinese painting after the Cultural Revolution(1966~76), focusing upon so-called "Chinese Pop art", which I termed as "Socialist Pop art". I considered the art of this period within the broader context of social changes especially after the Tienanmen incident of 1989. After the Cultural Revolution during which idolization of Chairman Mao was at its peak, one of the major changes in communist China was that an anti-Mao wave was generated in almost every social class. For example, novels that revealed the hardships during the Cultural Revolution were published. Posters that openly criticized the Maoism were also produced and displayed on the walls, and demand for democracy spurred widespread activist movements among young generations. These broad social changes were also reflected in art. A variety of art movements were introduced from the West to China, and after a period of experimentation with the new imported styles, artists began to apply the new artistic idiom to their works in order to visualize their own social and political realities they lived in. It was a shift from earlier Socialist Realism to a new expression either directly or indirectly, "Socialist Pop", an amalgam of Socialist Realism and Pop art tradition. After the 1989 crackdown of Tienanmen Square protest, when communist government quelled with brutal measures the students, workers, and ordinary people who rose for democracy, greater urge to protest the Deng Xiaoping regime emerged. This time coincided with the gradual emergence of art using Pop art vocabulary to satirize the social reality, the Socialist Pop art, along with many other art forms all with avant-garde spirit. One of the most frequent subjects of Chinese Pop art was visual images of Chairman Mao and his Cultural Revolution, and new China that was saturated with capitalism, which tainted the Chinese way of life with a Western way of consumerism and commercialism. The reason for the popularity of Mao's image was spurred by the "Mao Craze" in the early 1990's. People suddenly began to fall in a kind of nostalgia for the past, and once again, Mao Zedong was idolized as an entity who can heal the problems of modern China who had been marching towards their ultimate destination, the economic development. But this time Chairman Mao was no more an idol but just a popular, commercial product. He is no more an object of worship of almost religious nature but he has become an iconography symbolizing the complex nature of present Chinese society. During this process of depicting the social reality, Chinese artists are making the authority and sanctity of Maoism ineffective. Dealing with this new trend of contemporary Chinese art in view of "Socialist Pop art" two manners of re-creating Pop art can be illustrated: one that incorporates the propaganda posters of the Cultural Revolution; the other borrows from Chinese traditional popular imagery or mass media, such as photos taken during Mao era. What is worth mentioning is that these posters and photos of the Cultural Revolution can be identified as 'popular' media, as they were directed to educate the popular mass, thus combination of this ingenuous pop media with Western Pop art can be fully justified as a genre unique to China. Through this genre, we can discover a new chapter of the Chinese contemporary painting and its society, as their Pop art can be considered as self-portraits true to their present appearances.