• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1015-1019
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• 2003

A 50 day feeding trial was conducted with White Leghorn (WL) laying hens, 42 weeks old, to determine if feeding of varying levels of aflatoxin (AF), ochratoxin A (OA) or their combinations has any effect on their performance and egg quality parameters. Feeding of $T_4$, $T_7$, $T_8$, $T_9$ and $T_10$ caused significant reduction in feed intake of hens. Hen day egg productions were significantly reduced at all the levels of toxins except 0.5 ppm of AF. Maximum reduction in egg production was noticed at 2 and 4 ppm of AF and OA, respectively. Average body weight and egg weight were not affected by toxin feeding. The feed efficiency in terms of net feed efficiency and feed consumed per dozen egg produced was significantly reduced at higher levels of both the toxins and their combinations. Feed consumption for production of 1 kg egg mass remained uninfluenced due to aflatoxin feeding whereas significant increase in the value of the same was noticed at 4 ppm level of OA and combination of 1 and 2 ppm of AF and 2 and 4 ppm of OA ($T_9$ and $T_10$), respectively. Various levels of OA (1-4 ppm) and all the combination of two toxins ($T_8$, $T_9$ and $T_10$) significantly altered the shape index of eggs in laying hens. The shell thickness was significantly reduced by higher level of AF (2 ppm), OA (2 and 4 ppm) and their combination. Albumen index, Haugh Unit and yolk index remained unchanged due to incorporation of toxins in the diet. It is concluded that AF, OA either singly or in combination at higher levels could depress the performance in terms of egg production and feed efficiency significantly. The egg quality parameters i.e. shape index and shell thickness were also significantly affected.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.437-441
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• 2014

표본은 2010년 7월 12일 부산시 송정주변해역에서 정치망에 어획된 것을 채집하였다. 패각 방사륵은 56개이었다. 제1번 팔은 패각을 붙잡고 있으며, 제1번 팔의 기저부는 팔 전체를 덮을 만큼 매우 큰 편평한 막으로 되어 있었다. 출수기관은 비교적 큰 편이어서 4번 팔의 기저부를 넘어선다. 팔길이식은 4 > $2{\fallingdotseq}3$ > 1이었다. 표본은 암컷이며, 포란수는 155,203 립이었다. 난은 타원형이었다. 조개낙지는 표층 부유성 문어이며, 돌고래의 먹이생물 중 하나이다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 1999

This study was performed to develop brand egg. Forty-four week-old Isa Brown were randomly assigned to 8 treatments and the number of hens were 300 per each group. Experimental period was about 10 weeks. The 8 treatment were as follows : astarich 2%(A), astarich 5%(B), chitch chitosan 2%(C), omega-3 powder 2%(D), pyrogreen 1%(E), greenpia 0.2%(F), hydrogenated soy oil 3%(G) and commercial layer feed(H). Eggs were collected at day 0, 7, 14, 40 and 70 for egg quality analyses. Laying rate was significantly higher in astarich groups(B, C) than ant other group, showing average of 88% of laying rate. In terms of egg factors, whole egg weight was the heaviest in control in control(A) and the lightest in omega-3 powder group(E), while egg yolk weight was the heaviest in astarich group(H). Haugh unit(HU) was the mean of 70 for all treatments and there were no significant differences among the treatments. Egg yolk color was significantly different among treatments during experimental period whenever yolk color was measured. At the day 7 after feeding of experimental diets, the yolk color of astarich 5% group(C) was darker and that of omega-3 powder group(E) lighter. The value of yolk color in astarich 5%(C) and 2%(B) was 14.2 and 12.5, respectively. But the rest of the groups did not show any differences in yolk color, showing mean of 11.5. In terms of shell thickness, shell tended to become thinner, but there were no defferences among treatments during experimental period. The mean value of shell thickness was 0.390mm. In conclusion, astarich groups may seem to produce the best possible quality of brand egg.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1993

The reproductive ecology of the purple shell, Rapana venosa was investigated by the histological observations on depositions of the egg capsules, and hatching of larvae in the laboratory and the subtidal zone of the vicinity of piung-do, Chollabud-do, west coast of korea, for one year from June 1992 to May 1993. The results are summarized as follows:1. Rapana venosa is dioecious in sex. The ovary is composed of a number of ovarian lobules, and the testis comprises a number of ovarian lobules, and the testis comprises of gonads could be classified into 4 stages in males and 5 stages in females: 1) growing stage(in female subdivided into 2 stages of early and late growing stage). 2)mature stage. 3)spent stage or copulationstage. 4)rdcovering stage. The early growing stage in females of the purple shell was in September through February, late gorwing stage was in October to March, mature stage was in September to January, mature stage was in September to July, copulation stage was in Februaty to June and recovering stage in April to October.3. Spawning occurred 3-4 times at intervals of 1-3 days, and completed within 10 days from the beginning of spawning during the spawning season of the year.4. From the results of laboratory and field observations, egg masses are composed of a number of egg capsules, egg masses are occurred from May to late August, and in mid August depositions of egg mass in composed of 90-113 egg capsules, fecundity in an egg capsule was ranged 984 to 1,241 eggs(average 1,096 egg). Therefore, fecundity in total egg capsules spawned per individual during the spawning season is estimated as approximately 320,000 to 450,000 egges.5. The incubation period during deposition of an egg capsule to hatching larvad tood 17 days at 18.3-20.4%C(water temperature)and 1.021 (specific gravity fo sea water).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1217-1223
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• 2020

Objective: Eggshells with a uniform color and intensity are important for egg production because many consumers assess the quality of an egg according to the shell color. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of dominant effects on the variations in eggshell color after 32 weeks in a crossbred population. Methods: This study was conducted using 7,878 eggshell records from 2,626 hens. Heritability was estimated using a univariate animal model, which included inbreeding coefficients as a fixed effect and animal additive genetic, dominant genetic, and residuals as random effects. Genetic correlations were obtained using a bivariate animal model. The optimal diagnostic criteria identified in this study were: L^🟉 value (lightness) using a dominance model, and a^🟉 (redness), and b^🟉 (yellowness) value using an additive model. Results: The estimated heritabilities were 0.65 for shell lightness, 0.42 for redness, and 0.60 for yellowness. The dominance heritability was 0.23 for lightness. The estimated genetic correlations were 0.61 between lightness and redness, -0.84 between lightness and yellowness, and -0.39 between redness and yellowness. Conclusion: These results indicate that dominant genetic effects could help to explain the phenotypic variance in eggshell color, especially based on data from blue-shelled chickens. Considering the dominant genetic variation identified for shell color, this variation should be employed to produce blue eggs for commercial purposes using a planned mating system.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2005

1996년도에 서울${\cdot}$경기지역 소재의 재래시장과 백화점에서 판매되고 있던 계육과 계란을 구입하여 각종 미생물학적 위생실태를 조사하였다. 먼저 계육을 구입처에 따라 구분하고 총균수, 대장균군수와 포도상구군수를 산정하여 오염도를 비교하였으며, 또한 주요 인수공통 병원균들인 Salmonella 속균을 비롯하여 Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus 및 E. coli O157:H7에 대해서도 분리율을 조사하였다. 그리고 비교를 위해서 수입판매 되고 있는 미국과 중국산의 수입계육과 국내산 계육에 대해서도 전술한 바의 각종 미생물학적 위생실태를 비교조사 하였던 바 그 성적을 보고하고자 하였다. 먼저 미생물오염도비교조사에서 백화점의 시판계육은 총세균수와 대장균군수에 있어서 재래시장의 시판계육보다도 낮은 세균오염도를 보였지만, 포도상구균수에 있어서는 오히려 백화점의 시판계육에서 더욱 높은 오염도를 나타내었다. Salmonella 속균의 분리율 성적에서는 재래시장의 시판계육이 $76.5\%$의 분리율을 보였고, 백화점의 시판계육은 $60\%$의 균분리율을 나타내었으며, 국내 시판계육 전체적으로는 $68.8\%$의 Salmonella 분리율을 나타내었다. 한편 인수공통 병원균인 Listeria 속균의 분리율 성적은 재래시장의 시판계육이 $73.3\%$로서 백화점 시판계육의 $53.\%$ 보다도 더욱 높았고, 전체적으로는 $63.3\%$의 분리율 성적을 보였다. 반면에 Campylobacter 속균의 경우에는 백화점 시판계육이 $80\%$로서 재래시장의 시판계육의 $53.3\%$ 보다도 높은 분리율 성적을 보였으며, 전체적으로는 $64.0\%$의 분리율을 나타내어 Salmonella속균에 이어서 두 번째로 높은 균분리율을 보였다. 그러나 국내산 시판계육에서 E. coli O157:H7 균주는 전혀 분리되지 않았다. 국내 및 수입산(미국 & 중국) 닭부분육(닭다리, 닭날개 및 발골육)에 대한 각종 미생물의 오염도 조사에서 대장균군수의 경우 양자 간에 비슷한 수준이었으나, 총세균수와 포도상구균수에 있어서는 수입산 계육이 국내산 보다 $10\~100$ 배정도 낮은 오염도를 보였다. 닭날개(Wings)의 경우 국내산에서는 S.typhimurium $(33\%)$이 분리 되었으나, 미국산 닭날개에서는 Salmonella 속균이 전혀 분리되지 않아 대조적이었다. 하지만, 중국산의 닭부분육(혼합육)에서는 S. enteritidis와 L. monocytogenes도 함께 분리되었다. 그러나 부분육의 경우 국내산 및 수입산 모두에서 Campylobacter 속균과 E. coli O157:H7 균주는 전혀 분리되지 않았다. 서울${\cdot}$경기지역의 재래시장과 백화점에서 시판되고 있는 계란 총 446개에 대해서도 동일한 절차와 방법으로 조사하였던바, 재래시장에서 구입했던 계란의 난각부분(Egg-shell)에서만 가금티푸스(fowl Typhoid)의 병원체인 S. gallinarum이 1주$(0.2\%)$만이 분리되었고, 기타 세균으로서는 대장균군이 역시 난각에서 가장 높은 빈도로 분리되었고, 난황(Yolk)에서는 극히 낮은 수준의 세균오염도를 보였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1974

1973년 6월 20일부터 동년 8월 25일까지 사이에 Meretrix lusoria의 성숙난에 $NH_4OH$ 해수용액을 규정농도별로 처리한 후의 인공수정율, 초기발생과정 및 유생의 변태과정을 조사하였다. 1. M. lusoria의 $NH_4OH$ 해수용액 처리에 의한 규정농도별 수정률은 1/1000 N의 $NH_4OH$ 해수용액 처리로 가장 높은 인공수정률을 얻었고, 이렇게 처리된 후 인공수정된 난의 발생과정도 정상적임을 확인하였다. 2. M. lusoria의 초기발생과정에서는 수정후 1시간 35분이 지나면 2할기, 4시간 40분에 포배기, 6시간 15분에 Trochophore기에 달함을 볼 수 있었다. 3. M. lusoria의 유생을 사육한 결과, 수정후 10이 지나면 원각의 평균각장이 $112\mu$인 초기 D형에, 7일이 지나면 평균 각장이 $172\mu$인 각정기에, 20일이 지나면 평균 각장이 $232\mu$인 초기저서기에 달함을 볼 수 있었다. 4. M. luroria의 유생을 실험실내 수조 속에서 사육하며 각장 $272\mu$인 치패을 얻을 수 있었다. 5. M. luroria의 초기 D형기로 부터 변태기까지의 각장(L)과 각고(H)와의 관계는 H=1.02325L-24.46425(상관계수 r=0.99050)의 식으로 표시되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 1991

Beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN)-a Lathyrus toxin was fed to laying chicken to investigate effects on egg weight, production and malformity. Two feeding trials were conducted where the levels of BAPN varied from 0.1 to 0.6 g per kg diet. The responses with regard to egg weight, egg production and the incidence of malformed eggs due to varying concentrations of the toxin were recorded and the results on weekly changes in these important variables were evaluated by plotting graphs. The results showed that there were increasing trends in egg weight and egg shell abnormalities and a decreasing trend in egg production as the dietary level of BAPN was increased indicating that the responses of layers were dose dependent. The effects on egg weight, egg production and egg malformity disappeared following withdrawal of the toxin from the diets.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to provide the guidelines for the dietary lift by analyzing and studying the dietary behavior and food preference based on the gender. In the questions whether students' food preference is similar to their parents' or not, girls answered their food preferences were similar to them (M = 3.36), but boys not (M : 2.90). In the question if the knowledge learned in school has an effect on the choice of food, girls and boys answered it did not affect them, but there was a slight difference according to the gender; boys(M = 2.54) were under less influence than girls (M = 2.88). According to the gender, there was a meaningful difference in the food preference in meat, eggs, fish and shell, beans, milk and milk products, anchovies, fruits, fats and oils, beverage, and processed food. School education had a little influence on the habits of dietary life, only 8.0%. So more practical nutrition education was needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.607-610
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• 1995

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of Ascorbic Acid (AA) supplementations in the layer and broiler diets kept in the natural hot humid tropical climate ($20-35^{\circ}C$). The layers and the broilers were fed on normal commercial diet as control while supplementation of 400 and 600 mg/kg Ascorbic Acid made up the experimental diets. The results showed that AA supplementation in the layers significantly reduced egg weight and increased Haugh unit values of the eggs, but produced no significant effects on feed intake, body weight, egg production, respiratory rate and body temperature. The shell thickness was slightly improved, though not significantly, with AA supplementation. AA supplementation in broilers improved body weight gain and FCR and reduced the effect of heat stress as shown by lower body temperature and respiratory rates.