• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2014

This study aims to investigate the effect of heat input of outside SAW weld on low temperature toughness($-20^{\circ}C$) of inside SAW weld for API 5L X70 with sour gas resistance. As increasing heat input of the outside weld, low temperature toughness of the inside weld was decreased. Especially, in spite of the same heat input, the value of low temperature toughness was fluctuated. On the basis of fracture and microstructure analysis, the low temperature toughness is correlated with the fracture area ratio of shear lips and four kinds of fracture sections. These sections were divided with size and shape of dimple correlated with grain boundary ferrite and cleavage correlated acicular and polygonal ferrite in grain. Therefore, it was seen that these sections were two of final solidification area in the inside weld and the outside weld, no reheated zone and reheated zone in the inside weld. In conclusion, it is thought that the difference of low temperature toughness at the same heat input is due to the fact that each of impact test specimens could have the different microstructure, even though the notch was machined under the error tolerance of 1mm. It is because the final solidification area of the inside weld is very narrow.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2005

The non-destructive Inspection of the fillet weldment has difficulties due to its geometrical complexity and uneasy access. The surface shear horizontal wave (SH-wave), however, has been successfully applied to the detection of cracks on the surface and sub-surface of the filet weldment heel part. The conventional ultrasonic inspection using the surface SH-wave is usually a contact method using piezoelectric transducer. Thus, it is not suitable for a field application because the reliability and repeatability of inspection are significantly affected by test conditions such as couplant, contact pressure and pre-process. In order to overcome this problem, a non-contact SH-wave inspection method using EMAT is propose. The experimental results with this non-contact method are compared with those with a conventional ultrasonic method in fillet weldment with slit type defects. It is shown that the non-contact inspection technique requires simple procedure and less time in the fillet weldment inspection.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2007

In kinetic spraying process, the critical velocity is an important criterion which determines the deposition of a feedstock particle onto the substrate. In other studies, it was experimentally and numerically proven that the critical velocity is determined by the physical and mechanical properties and the state of materials such as initial temperature, size and the extent of oxidation. Compared to un-oxidized feedstock, oxidized feedstock required a greater kinetic energy of in-flight particle to break away oxide film during impact. The oxide film formed on the surface of particle and substrate is of a relatively higher brittleness and hardness than those of general metals. Because of its physical characteristics, the oxide significantly affected the deposition behavior and critical velocity. In this study, in order to investigate the effects of oxidation on the deposition behavior and critical velocity of feedstock, oxygen contents of Al feedstock were artificially controlled, individual particle impact tests were carried out and the velocities of in-flight Al feedstock was measured for a wide range of process gas conditions. As a result, as the oxygen contents of Al feedstock increased, the critical velocity increased.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권8호
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• pp.495-505
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• 2008

With the high proportion of zinc coated steels in body-in-white assembly, newly developed surface roughness textured galvannealed steel sheets have been introduced. In this study, zinc coated and surface roughness textured steel sheets were welded by resistance spot welding to investigate its weldability including electrode wear test. Based on the results of tensile-shear test, nugget diameter changes, and electrode tip growth test, it was clear that both surface roughness textured steels (GA-T and GA-E) showed good weldability. Also, there was no large difference in weldability and electrode wear behavior between GA-T and GA-E steels which have different surface roughness morphology. An analysis of electrode degradation showed Fe and Zn penetration through the electrode tip surface at 2400 welds reached $55{\sim}60{\mu}m$ and $75{\sim}80{\mu}m$, respectively. Therefore, there is no significant effect of surface roughness morphology on spot weldability of surface roughness textured galvannealed steel sheets. However, slight difference in thickness of alloying layers existing on electrode tip was found between GA-T and GA-E steels.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호통권38호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1999

궤도용 차량의 안전성 확보를 위한 연구의 일환으로서 레일강의 균열 발생 조건과 모재와 용접부에 대한 정적파괴거동 및 단일모드 하중하의 피로균열진전거동을 검토하였다. 레일에서 횡방향 균열의 원점은 표면하층균열이며 이는 최대전단응력에 의해 발생하였다. 또한 표면하층균열의 크기가 증가함에 따라 균열의 진전은 전단모드에서 혼합모드로 천이될 가능성이 증가하였다. 용접부의 평면변형률 파괴인성은 조직의 조대화와 경도의 상승으로 인하여 모재에 비하여 약 10% 저하하였다. 용접부의 제 2단계 영역의 피로 균열진전속도는 낮은 ${\Delta}K$ 영역에서 모재에 비하여 저하하였으나 높은 ${\Delta}K$영역에서는 이의 차이가 소멸되었으며 이러한 경향은 R=0.1의 낮은 응력비에서 현저하였다. 이는 용접부의 미시조직이 모재에 비하여 성장하였기 때문이라고 판단된다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2006년도 춘계 학술대회 개요집
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• pp.30-32
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• 2006

The interfacial reaction and reliability of eutectic Sn-Pb and Pb-free eutectic Sn-Ag ball-grid-array (BGA) solders with an immersion Ag-plated Cu substrate were evaluated following isothermal aging at $150^{\circ}C$. During reflowing, the topmost Ag layer was dissolved completely into the molten solder, leaving the Cu layer exposed to the molten solder for both solder systems. A typical scallop-type Cu-Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) layer was formed at both of the solder/Cu interfaces during reflowing. The thickness of the Cu-Sn IMCs for both solders was found to increase linearly with the square root of isothermal aging time. The growth of the $Cu_3Sn$ layer for the Sn-37Pb solder was faster than that for the Sn-3.5Ag solder, In the case of the Sn-37Pb solder, the formation of the Pb-rich layer on the Cu-Sn IMC layer retarded the growth of the $Cu_6Sn_5$ IMC layer, and thereby increased the growth rate of the $Cu_3Sn$ IMC layer. In the ball shear test conducted on the Sn-37Pb/Ag-plated Cu joint after aging for 500h, fracturing occurred at the solder/$Cu_6Sn_5$ interface. The shear failure was significantly related to the interfacial adhesion strength between the Pb-rich and $Cu_6Sn_5$ IMC layers. On the other hand, all fracturing occurred in the bulk solder for the Sn-3.5Ag/Ag-plated Cu joint, which confirmed its desirable joint reliability.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권5호통권66호
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• pp.519-529
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• 2003

최근에 스틸하우스나 고층아파트 지붕에 경량형강 지붕트러스의 사용이 증가하는 추세이다. 그러나 현재 지붕트러스와 하부구조의 앵커 접합부의 설계는 거의 경험에 의존하는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 냉간성형형강 지붕트러스 앵커 접합부의 구조적인 거동에 관한 실험적인 연구를 서술하였다. 트러스부재와 접합철물은 스크류로 접합하였으며, 하부구조의 구조재료에 따라 시공성 및 구조적인 성능이 우수한 단순한 형태의 접합철물을 사용하여 철근콘크리트구조인 경우 케미컬 앵커볼트 그리고 강구조인 경우는 용접 및 DX-Pin을 사용하여 하부구조와 연결하였다. 다양한 접합부 형태에 대한 인발실험을 수향하여 접합부의 강도 및 강성을 측정하였으며, 이를 AISI시방서(1996) AISC시방서(1989)규정에 근거한 설계강도와 비교하였다. 또한 스크류 연결부의 최대전단강도식을 제안하여 실험결과와 비교하였다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.54-56
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• 2005

Ultrasonic soldering using of Si-wafer to FR-4 PCB atroom temperature was investigated. Sn3.5Ag foil rolled $100{\mu}m$ was used for solder. The UBM of Si-die was Cu/ Ni/ Al from top to bottom and its thickness was $0.4{\mu}m$, $0.4{\mu}m$, $0.3{\mu}m$ respectively. Pad on FR-4 PCB comprised of Au/ Ni/ Cu from top to bottom and its thickness was $0.05{\mu}m$, $5{\mu}m$, $18{\mu}m$ respectively. The ultrasonic soldering time was changed from 0.5sec to 3.0sec and its power 1400W. As experimental result, reliable bond joint by ultrasonic at room temperature was obtained. The shear strength increased with soldering time up to 2.5 sec. That means at 2.5sec, the shear strength showed maximum rate of 65.23N. The strength decreased to 33.90N at 3.0 sec because the cracks generated along the intermetallic compound between Si-wafer and Sn-3.5mass%Ag solder. intermetallic compound produced by ultrasonic between the solder and the Si-die was $(Cu, Ni)_{6}Sn_{5}$ and the intermetallic compound between solder and pad on FR-4 was $(Ni, Cu)_{3}Sn_{4}$.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2010

The effects of heat input and different microstructureswere investigated on the tensile-shear properties of an arc-brazed joint of theferritic stainless steel 429EM using a Cu-Si insert alloy. The brazing speed was fixed at 800 mm/min whilethe brazing current varied from 80 to 120A. For abrazing current lower than 100A, fracturing occurred at the joint root in the direction perpendicular to the tensile load. As the brazing current increased to 120A, fracturing occurred at the base metal or the joint root. The joint and the base metal had very similar yield and tensile load values. However, the amount of elongation was decreased considerably compared to when the base metal was used. The fracturing began at the triple point of the root part and was classified into three types. The difference in the tensile-shear properties was closely related to the three fracture types.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 태양광 접속함 모듈 적용을 위한 유연 솔더(Sn-Pb) 및 무연 솔더(Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 및 Sn-1.0Ag-0.7Cu-1.6Bi-0.2In)의 특성을 비교 평가하였다. 접속함 내에는 전압 및 전류 검출용 모듈, 고내압용 다이오드가 실장된 정류모듈 등 다양한 모듈이 내장되어있다. 본 연구에서는 솔더링특성, 인쇄성, 솔더형상 검사, X-ray를 이용한 솔더 내 void 검사 및 접합강도를 측정하였고, 무연 솔더 합금의 공정최적화는 step 1과 step 2로 구분하여 검토를 실시하였다. Step 1은 유연 솔더와 무연 솔더 페이스트 인쇄 검사 시험을 1차와 2차로 나누어 실험을 진행하였고 printability는 void 함량 및 접합강도의 상관관계로 검토하였다. 전체적으로 유연 솔더의 특성은 무연 솔더에 비하여 상대적으로 우수하였다. Step 2는 리플로우 공정의 최고점 온도 변화에 따른 접합부 특성 변화를 관찰하였다. 리플로우 최고 온도가 증가할수록 접합부 내의 void 함량이 2~4% 정도 감소하였고, 접합강도는 약 0.5 kgf 범위내에서 큰 차이 없이 나타났다. 기판 표면처리종류에 있어서는 ENIG 표면처리가 OSP 및 Pb-free 솔더 표면처리보다 우수한 접합강도를 나타내었다. 1종류의 무연솔더와 OSP 표면처리로 접합된 태양광 접속함 모듈의 500 싸이클 열충격 신뢰성시험 전후에 전기적 특성변화는 0.3% 내의 범위에서 안정적으로 작동함을 확인하였다.