• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.110-115
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• 2004

The immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliata L. or Ponciri fructus (PF), well known as 'Jisil' in Korea, have been used against allergic diseases for generations, and still occupy an important place in traditional Oriental medicine. Anti-allergic effects of this fruit have been investigated in a few experimental models. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the principal immunoglobulin involved in immediate hypersensitivities and chronic allergic diseases. The effect of an aqueous extract of PF on in vivo and in vitro IgE production was investigated. PF dose-dependently inhibited the active systemic anaphylaxis and serum IgE production induced by immunization with ovalbumin, Bordetelia pertussis toxin and aluminum hydroxide gel. PF strongly inhibited interleukin 4 (IL-4)-dependent IgE production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine whole spleen cells. In the case of U266 human IgE-bearing B cells, Ponciri fructus also showed an inhibitory effect on the IgE production. On the other hand, mast cell hyperplasia can be causally related with chronic inflammation. Stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand of the c-kit protooncogene product, is a major regulator and ohernoattractant of mast cells. Ponciri fiuctus (1 mg/mL) significantly inhibited the SCF-induced migration of rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). RPMCs exposed to SCF (50 ng/mL) resulted in a drastic shape change with a polarized morphology while the cells exposed to Ponciri fructus (1 mg/mL) remained resting, with little or no shape alteration. The drastic morphological alteration and distribution of polymerized actin were blocked by pretreatment with Ponciri fructus. In addition, Ponciri fructus inhibited both TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion from RPMCs stimulated with SCF. These results suggest that Ponciri fructus has an anti-allergic activity by inhibition of IgE production from B cells. These findings also provide evidence that Ponciri fructu inhibits chemotactic response and inflammatory cytokines secretion to SCF in mast cells.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2014

Commonly known as the button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus is one of the most widely cultivated mushroom species of edible fungi. In the breeding of new button mushroom, Seolwon was developed by crossing two homokaryons. Because of the predominantly pseudohomothallic life cycle, only a small percentage of homokaryotic meiospores are produced, which do not fruit. Homokaryotic cultures derived from these types of single spores produce a vegetative mycelium that contain a variable number of genetically identical nuclei per cell. After crossing two homokaryons, hybrids were cultivated on a small scale and on a commercial scale at a farm. The spawn was made by a commercial spawn producer and the spawned compost by a commercial compost producer. Mycelial growth of Seolwon on CDA was better at $25^{\circ}C$ when it was compared with that of Seolgang. The mature cap shape of new strain Seolwon is oblate spheroid and the immature cap shape is round to oblate spheroid. The cap diameter was 39.7 mm on average. In comparison with white strain Seolgang, the strain had a yield that was 11% higher. It produced fruiting bodies which had a higher weight on average per fruiting body and were 9.7% firmer with a good shelf life. Days of fruiting body were 1-2 days later than those of Seolgang. The physical characteristics such as springiness, chewiness, adhesiveness, gumminess were better than that of Seolgang.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2010

More than 2,500 accessions of squash germplasm are preserved in the National Agrobidiversity Center of RDA, Korea. We investigated the ecological and morphological characteristics on 100 accessions of the squash germplasms with a low viability. Two typical types of oriental squash (Cucurbita moschata) and western squash (Cucurbita maxima) are possessed 89 and 11 accessions, respectively. The origin of 100 accessions was divided into three groups, group I (Korea landraces with 81 accessions), group II (Nepal with 15 accessions) and group III (Russia, Uzbekistan, Laos, and Mexico with each one accession). Seventy eight accessions germinated at $27^{\circ}C$ in growth chamber. Days to first flowering of the female and male flower ranged from 32 days to 67 days and 24 days to 55 days after planting, respectively. Vine length showed the largest variation ranging from 357.8 cm to 1,465 cm, also the average length of ten stem node range has a variable ranges from 92 cm to 217.5 cm. All regenerated squash accessions have an only collided tendril and have three to seven lateral shoots. The flattened globe-shaped squash is the most predominant and exhibited ordinarily round shaped, ball shaped, long oblong-shaped, elongated shape, and pear shape. The average weight of fruit ranged from 1.33 kg to 7.95 kg. Sugar contents showed 5.4~12.6 $Brix^{\circ}$ without ripening period.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.283-291
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of fruit quality, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of Yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) from Go-heung and Jeju according to harvest time. Samples were harvested from August to December on the $1^{st}$ of every month. August and September samples were green colored, whereas November and December samples were yellow. The fruit shape index decreased, changing from globular to elliptical, whereas the $^{\circ}birx$ increased with ripening stage. The yuzu from Jeju was larger than that from Go-heung in each month of cultivation. August samples exhibited the highest amounts of phenolic compounds. In addition, samples from Jeju had higher total phenolic content than those from Go-heung. The content of phenolic compounds decreased with ripening until October and then increased subsequently. Antioxidant activity of the yuzu was evaluated by FRAP and DPPH methods. The antioxidant activity showed a similar trend as total phenolic content. Immature yuzu fruit was found to exhibit the highest amount of flavonoids such as naringin and hesperidin. November and December samples showed almost the same contents of flavonoids. The flavonoid content of yuzu fruit harvested from Jeju was higher than that from Go-heung. Overall, the samples harvested at the early stage, in the month of August, exhibited the highest flavonoid content, phenolic content and antioxidant activity. As the health benefits of these compounds has been demonstrated in various studies, the immature yuzu appears to be preferable for use as a raw material for formulation of pharmaceutical products as well as for functional food production after a proper in-vivo and in-vitro medical tests.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2002

Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (O1eaceae) is a monotype of Korea and is distinguished from related genus Forsythia Vahl by the morphological characters such as fruit shape, flower color and etc. Even though several intraspecific taxa were reported according to the color of flowers and shape of fruits, there have been many controversals on the taxonomic indentity and status of rank on those taxa. In the present study, we performed the RAPD analysis to delimit the infraspecific taxa of Abeliophyllum distichum and to investigate the genetic polymorphism and relationships among 12 populations. 212 scorable RAPD markers with 70 common markers were found from the PCR reactions with 16 random oligoprimers and were analyzed by Nei's genetic distance. From 0.108 to 0.321 of genetic variations were showed among the taxa. Some regional groups instead of same taxa were clustered from the phonogram of UPGMA analysis. Also, we could not find distinct lineage among intraspecific taxa. The result from RAPD analysis supported that the infraspecific taxa of Abeliophyllum distichum might be the individual variations and treated as the same taxa. RAPD analysis was very useful to confirm the high gene pool with diverse genetic polymorphism among Abeliophyllum distichum populations.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

To examine taxonomic relationships among 53 plums derived from Prunus cerasifera, P. domestica, and P. salicina, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis on 27 morphological characters were conducted. Of 27 characters, leaf size, leaf shape, and leaf hair were useful characters for plum identification and understanding of taxonomic relationships among them. Leaf length, petiole length, number of leaf nectaries, leaf shape, leaf base, and date of full blooming showed the clear differences between P. salicina group and P. domestica group. Results of cluster analysis using scores of the first three principal components indicated that 53 plums could be grouped into P. salicina-P. cerasifera, P. domestica, and P. spinosa phenon at 1.0 of average distance in UPGMA. Although PCA was useful for rough classification of plums, much more characters were needed for the exact classification.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2013

The genus Actinidia has been recorded as having total six taxa, composed of four species and two varieties, in Korea. However, its taxonomy remains complex because of disagreement on taxonomic characters used for species boundaries. Based upon morphological, anatomical, and palynological characters, we re-evaluated species delimitations in the genus Actinidia. Critical observation of wild populations and extensive herbarium materials including types were also carried out. It is generally considered that leaf thickness and shape, hair type and color were important diagnostic characters to identify species, but these characters were insufficient to be diagnostic characters because of their wide variation ranges. On the other hands, pith pattern, winter bud protrusion rate, scale leaf number, anther color, fruit shape, and maturity season were taxonomic significance. A. arguta var. platyphylla and A. arguta var. rufinervis have been identified by hair type and color, but these characters showed continuous variation in A. arguta. Therefore, two varieties are treated as synonyms of A. arguta. Consequently four species are recognized in Korea: A. polygama, A. kolomikta, A. rufa, and A. arguta. A key is provided, as well as complete descriptions of the species examined, including information on nomenclatural types, and synonymies.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.119-121
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• 2006

Anthracnose of pomegranate (Punica granatum) caused by Colletotrichum acutatum was observed in the exhibition field at Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, and in farmer's orchard at Gaheo-myon, Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongnam province, Korea. The pathogen generally attacks on the fruits and induces dark lesion and rotting. The infected fruits were mostly dropped or mummified. The color of colonies of the pathogenic fungus grown on potato dextrose agar was pinkish gray. Conidia were fusiform in shape and was $8{\sim}16{\times}3{\sim}4{\mu}m$ in size. Appressoria were pale to dark brown in color, clavate in shape and was $8{\sim}12{\times}4{\sim}6{\mu}m$ in size. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$. Pathogenicity of the causal organism was proved according to Koch's postulate. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on fruit, the fungus was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum. This is the first report on the anthracnose of pomegranate caused by C. acutatum in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.216-219
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• 2007

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea occurred on Prunus mume Sieb. & Zucc. in an experimetal orchard of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Korea from 2005 to 2007. The symptoms usually started with water-soaking lesions and hollow depression on the fruit surface. The conidia of the pathogen appeared on the surface fruits. The conidia were one celled and mostly ellipsoid or ovoid in shape and were colorless or pale brown in color. The conidia were $6{\sim}17{\times}4{\sim}10{\mu}m$ in size and conidiophores were $15{\sim}30{\mu}m$ in length. The sclerotial formed abundantly on potato-dextrose agar, They were flat or irregular in shape and black in color The optimum temperature for sclerotial formation was $20^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Botrytis cinerea Persoon: Fries. This is the first report on gray mold of P. mume caused by B. cinerea by in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

The shape of floral Pattern in the Period of Baroque could be divided single. bunch and vine. The style of representation was stylized, abstract and realistic. the most of style was stylized. The type of composition was fullness, independent and scattered. Floral patterns were shaped simple and complex and components of design could be classified into flower and leaf. flower and fruit. flower and band. bunch of flower, flower and geometry. flower and pot, flower and animal. flower and crest. Kinds of flower were tulip. common marigold, lily, carnation, small bel]flower. lotus, acandus leaf, pomegranate, strawberry. pine cone and abstract anonymous flower which were unfolded by repeat. Characters of floral Pattern were classical elegance, taste of royalty and lively and damask, velvet, brocade which made with gold and silver so, those were a very brilliant and gorgeous. Characters of design were illustrated plane style and stylization where developed arranged on front by repeat or repeat symmetric of vertical. Art, costumes and textiles in this era were a very rich and colorful. The result of study on Baroque's floral pattern will be used to develope a various textile design and chance to be adopted classical pattern into aesthetic value in our time.