• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.66-75
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• 2000

Effect of reclaimed sewage on the paddy rice culture was examined by field experiment for two consecutive years. The domestic sewage was treated by the constructed wetland and the effluent of the treatment wetland was used for irrigation water. The reclaimed sewage was diluted before irrigation in the first year and it was used without dilution in the second year experiment. Growth components and yields were compared against the control plot where conventional method was applied. And also soil characteristics of the plots before and after reclaimed sewage irrigation were analyzed Generally addition of the reclaimed sewage irrigation didn't affect paddy rice culture adversely and even enhancement was observed. Fertilization was thought to be important factor for rice culture rather than irrigation water quality. Conventional fertilization and reclaimed sewage irrigation which contained high nutrient concentration resulted in better growth and more yield. Unlike widespread concern lodging did not happen even in the case of irrigation with average 90mg/L of T-N and conventional fertilization. Soil characteristics changed after irrigation and significant EC increasing was observed for the reclaimed sewage irrigation plots. From soil analyses salt accumulation could be a more potential problem than nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus in the use of reclaimed sewage irrigation. Overall reclaimed sewage irrigation was thought to be one of practical alternatives for the ultimate disposal of sewage in rural area.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2000

A feasibility study was performed to examine the agronomic application of treated sewage on paddy rice culture by field experiment for two consecutive years. The domestic sewage was treated by the constructed wetland system which was in subsurface flow type and consisted of sand and macrophyte. The effluent of the wetland system was used for irrigation water. The effluent was diluted to maintain the total nitrogen concentration below $26mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in the first year and used without dilution in the second year experiment. Growth components and yields were compared against the CONTROL plot where conventional method was applied. And also, soil characteristics of the plots before and after reclaimed sewage irrigation were analyzed. Generally, addition of the treated sewage to the irrigation water showed no adverse effects on paddy rice culture, and even enhancement was noticed in both growth and yield. Irrigation of treated sewage after concentration adjusted with conventional fertilization showed the better result, and the yield exceeded that of CONTROL case where clean water was irrigated. Soil characteristics changed after irrigation, and significant EC increasing was observed for the reclaimed sewage irrigation plots. From this study, it appears that reuse of treated sewage, as supplemental irrigation water could be a feasible and practical alternative. For full-scale application, further study is recommended on the specific guideline of major water quality components in treated sewage for irrigation and public health.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.94-104
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• 2001

A pilot study was performed at the experimental field of Konkuk University in Seoul, to examine the feasibility of the constructed wetland system for sewage and the effect of treated sewage irrigation on the paddy rice culture and its soil characteristics. The constructed wetland performed well, in that effluent concentrations of pollutants were significantly lower than concentrations of the influent. Median removal efficiencies of BOD$_{5}$ was about 78% and slightly lower during winter. Removal efficiencies form TN and TP were approximately 48 and 21%, respectively, and relatively less effective than that of BOD$_{5}$. Irrigation of treated sewage to paddy rice culture did not affect adversely in both growth and yield of rice. Instead, plots of treated sewage irrigation showed up to 50% more yield in average than the control plot. It implies that treated sewage irrigation might be beneficial to rice culture rather than detrimental as long as it is treated adequately and used properly. Soil was sampled and analyzed before transplanting and after harvesting. pH was slightly increased due to irrigation water, but it may not be concerned as long as the treated sewage is within the normal range. EC was increased in first year but decreased in second year, therefore salts accumulation in the soil could be less concerned. OM and CES was slightly increased, which might be beneficial on growing plants. TN did not show apparent pattern. Available phosphorus was decreased after rice culture, but the quantity of phosphorus(TP-available phosphorus) was rather increased which implies that excessive phosphorus supply may result in phosphorus accumulation in the soil. Overall, the constructed wetland was thought to be an effective sewage treatment alternative, and treated sewage could be reused as a supplemental source of irrigation water for paddy rice culture without causing adverse effect as long as it is treated adequately and used properly. For full-scale application, further investigation should be followed on environmental risk assessment, tolerable water quality, and fraction of supplemental irrigation.ion.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.154-162
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• 2001

This study was performed to examine the rice growth and nutrient change in paddy soil with reclaimed sewage irrigation. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the experimental system were analyzed before and after rice culture. The experiment lasted three consecutive years, and this paper presents results of the last year. Additional supply of nutrients to the rice culture by reclaimed sewage irrigation was significant and it increased the yield. Nutrient uptake by rice plant increased with more nutrient supplied, however. there was limit in plant uptake. Nutrient accumulation occurred in the soil and it was more apparent for the phosphorus where most of the remaining quantity was accumulated while substantial amount of nitrogen was lost during the growing season. This study suggested that additional nutrient supply by reclaimed sewage irrigation might be a supplemental benefit to the rice culture, and it can help the fertilization management. However, long term effects of continual reclaimed sewage irrigation should be assessed carefully including nutrient mass balance in the paddy rice culture system.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2000년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.611-616
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• 2000

Effect of reclaimed sewage on the paddy rice culture was examined by field experiment for two consecutive years. The domestic sewage was treated by the comstructed wetland, and the effluent of the treatment wetland was used for irrigation water. Growth components and yields were compared against the CONTROL plot where conventional fertilization was applied. In general, addition of the reclaimed sewage irrigation which contained high nutrient concentration didn＇t affect paddy rice culture adversely, and even better growth and more yields were observed. Overall, reclaimed sewage irrigation was thought to be one of practical alternatives for irrigation water.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2002

The effect of reclaimed water irrigation on paddy rice culture was evaluated by pilot study at the experimental field of Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea. The sewage was treated by constructed wetland system, and its effluent was used as irrigation water for four treatments and one control plots with three replications. Irrigation of reclaimed water onto paddy rice cultures did not adversely affect the growth and yield of rice. Instead, experimental rice plots of reclaimed water irrigation displayed about 10 to 50% more yield on average than controls. This implies that reclaimed water irrigation might be beneficial rather than harmful to rice culture as long as the sewage is treated adequately and used properly. The amount of irrigation water had little effect on experimental rice cultures, but its strength was important. The strength of treated sewage was not a limiting factor in this study, and no lodging was observed even with a relatively high nitrogen concentration (up to 160mg/L). In general the paddy soil was not affected by reclaimed water irrigation. However, there was an indication that continuous irrigation with high strength of reclaimed water might cause salt accumulation in the soil. Supplemental use of reclaimed water with existing sources of irrigation water is recommended rather than irrigation with a single source of reclaimed water. Overall, the results demonstrated that reclaimed water could be reused as a supplemental source of irrigation water for paddy rice culture without causing adverse effects as long as it is properly managed. For full-scale application, further investigation should be done on environmental risks, tolerable water quality, and fraction of supplemental irrigation.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.236-244
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 인공습지 처리시설에서 나오는 생활오수 처리수의 농업용수로 재이용 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 관개용수의 수질과 시비량을 조절하여 벼재배실험을 수행하였으며, 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. T-N농도가 약 $25mgL^{-1}$까지는 생활오수 처리수를 함유한 관개용수의 수질이 벼의 생장과 수확면에 모두 거의 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 결정적인 영향을 미친 요인은 시비량이었다. 2. 시비량을 동일하게 하였을 경우에 수돗물을 관개한 대조구보다 T-N을 약 $25mgL^{-1}$로 조절 하여 영양물질을 함유한 상태의 생활오수처리수를 관개한 실험구가 오히려 약 9%정도 많이 수확하였다. 이러한 결과는 적절한 농도의 오수처리수는 벼의 재배에 장해가 되는 것이 아니고 오히려 유익할 수도 있음을 의미한다. 3. 종실의 중금속성분 분석결과에 의하면 생활오수처리수의 관개가 종실의 중금속축적에 미치는 영향이 거의 없었다. 따라서, 생활오수처리수를 관개함으로서 종실에 중금속유해성분이 증가하여 건강에 악영향을 미칠 가능성은 적다고 생각된다. 다만 위생적인 작업환경 및 심미적인 영향에 대해서는 구체적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다. 4. 이상의 실험결과에 의하면 오수처리수는 벼재배에 오염성분으로 작용하기보다는 오히려 유익한 관개용수로 재이용할 수 있다고 판단된다. 이러한 결과는 물 부족 국가로서 다량의 관개용수를 필요로 하며 용수부족을 자주 겪는 우리나라의 벼재배에는 특히 적용가능성이 높아고 판단된다. 5. 생활오수 처리수의 관개를 본격적으로 적용하기 위해서는 벼재배에 악영향을 미치지 않는 범위에 대한 과학적이고 현실적인 수질기준을 설정, 영양물질을 함유한 관개용수 사용에 따른 시비량의 조정, 그리고 인공습지와 같은 저기술형 오수처리시설들이 농촌지역의 소규모 처리시설로서의 활발한 보급을 위하여 지속적인 추가연구가 필요하다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.70-82
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• 2003

A pilot study was performed from July 1998 to December 2002, including winter performance, to examine seasonal performance of a constructed wetland and subsequent pond system for treatment of sewage in small communities of Korea. Pond was operated as a intermittent-discharge pond during winter period, and continuous flow system during growing season; its effects was evaluated from December 2001 to April 2003. The subsurface flow (SSF) wetland was satisfactory for treating sewage with good removal efficiency even during the winter period. The wetland effluent concentrations of $BOD_5$ and TSS were often higher in winter than in the growing season, but this was explained by the higher loading rates, rather than lower removal efficiency. The relatively poor-quality wetland effluent was further polished during winter in the pond. The upper layer of the pond water column became remarkably clear immediately after ice melt. In the growing season, ponds could be operated as a continuous flow system to remove nutrients and pathogens, and the effluent of pond could be reused as a supplemental irrigation water without risk of infection by sewage-borne pathogens as well as causing adverse effect on growth and yield. Overall, the wetland system was found to be adequate for treating sewage with stable removal efficiency, and the intermittent-discharge pond was found to be effective for further polishing if necessary. Therefore, the combination of a wetland and subsequent pond system and reuse of effluent as crop irrigation water is recommended as a practical alternative to treat sewage in Korean small communities, and partial discharge of pond water in March is suggested.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.663-669
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• 1999

The objective of this study are to examine the feasbility of reuse treated sewage effluent ofr agricultural water, and to obtain basic data for estabilishment of rational agricultural water quality standard. From this study, it appears that reuse of treated sewage as a supplemental irrigation water could be feasible and practical alternative for ultimate sewage disposal which often causes water quality problem to the receiving water body. For full scale applicatiion, further study is recommended on the secific guidelines of major water quality components and publc health.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish the estimation method of irrigation water amount for sewage treated water reuse for agricultural purpose. To calculate the irrigation water amount, we adopted Penman-Monteith for potential evapotranspiration estimation and applied crop coefficient and irrigation efficiency factor. We developed the irrigation water amount calculation program using C language in Xcode environment. The target district for calculation is having 259 ha of agricultural land located near the Jinyeong Clear Water Circulation Center in Hanrim-myeon, Gimhae city. The meteorological data of the study area were obtained from Changwon weather station from 1986 to 2017. Calculated average and maximum of annual mean potential evapotranspiration were 2.72 mm/day and 6.22 mm/day, respectively. We used K-S (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) for goodness-of-fit test to find optimal probability distribution of annual mean and maximum evapotranspiration. As a result, the normal distribution was selected for the appropriate distribution. The annual mean and maximum potential evapotranspiration for 10-year return period by applying normal distribution were 2.88 mm/day and 6.76 mm/day, respectively. Assuming that the irrigation efficiency is 80%, the irrigation water requirement was calculated as $36.05m^3/day/ha$ and $84.45m^3/day/ha$, respectively, when annual mean and maximum potential evapotranspiration were applied. The actual irrigation water amount can be calculated by applying the crop coefficient and cropping days for the study area based on the developed irrigation water amount estimation program in this study.