• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.447-457
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of self management of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, and to investigate the factors influencing self management. Methods: The subjects consisted of 117 diabetes patients who visited the outpatient department of a university hospital from March to August 2008. Data were collected by asking the subjects to answer a 54-item questionnaire and were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. Results: The total mean score of the patients in self -management was 4.38 out of 7. Medication adherence obtained the highest score under self-management, and the self-monitoring of blood glucose obtained the lowest score. Family support, self-efficacy, severity, and depression were found to be significantly correlated with self-management. In stepwise multiple regression analysis a total of 44.5% of the variance in self management was accounted for by family support, self-efficacy, severity, and depression. Conclusion: Therefore, a diabetic intervention program should be designed and provided for increasing family support, self efficacy, and severity and for reducing depression of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.151-154
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the association between time to surgery and injury severity score (ISS). Methods: Medical charts and records were reviewed for polytrauma patients who underwent trauma surgery from November 2014 to March 2016. The patients were divided into two groups based on the ISS. Results: Among the 217 operated patients, 22 patients underwent first and second surgery. The patients with an ISS over 17 (mean 13.0 days) had a longer interval between surgeries than patients with an ISS of 17 or less (mean 7.5 days) (p=0.031). One hundred and twenty-one patients only underwent elective surgery and there is a positive correlation between ISS and time to elective surgery (p<0.028, Pearson's correlation coefficient=0.224). Seventy-four patients underwent emergent surgery only. Among these, the patients with an ISS of 17 or less underwent general surgery (86%) but the patients with an ISS more than 17 underwent neurological surgery (47%). Conclusion: Patients with high ISS need critical care during the preoperative and postoperative period.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2008

Tics are sudden, painless, nonrhythmic behaviors that are either motor or vocal. As to DSM- VI diagnostic criteria, chronic tic disorder is either single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which are present for more than a year. In this case, a male patient was diagnosed tics disorder at 8 years old. He has suffered for 15 years and his symptom was simple motor tics of neck, both arms and both legs, not vocal tics. So we diagnosed him as the chronic tic disorder. The severity score headache was assessed using the Visual Analog Scales. The severity score tics was assessed at baseline using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and we compared score of before with after treatment. We treated him with oriental medication( herbal medicine, acupuncture, cry cupping) and progressive muscle relaxation. After this treatment, chronic insomnia and extreme headache were disappeard and the symptoms of tics were mildly decreased.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.83-102
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to analyse the factors affecting rehabilitation of physically disabled persons . Data were collected from 118 physically disabled persons who were registered at facilities for disabled persons by an interview surevey Conducted from October 17 to October 26, 1988. The three facilities for the survey were selected by stratified random sampling. The results were as follows : 1. Using factor analysis, 10 variables were-grouped into 4 factors : physical need, need for social problem-solving, need for social interaction and educational need. The proportion of variance explained by these factors was $58.3\%$. 2. Age, religion and job were significantly related to the functional life scale score, but other variables were not. 3. Family APGAR score and severity of disability were significantly rotated to the functional life scale score. 4. From the multiple regression analysis on rehabilitation of the physically disabled person, the following: three variables were statistically significant : age, severity of disability and family functioning. These results suggest that age, severity of disability and family functioning variables are important factors for rehabilitation of physically disabled persons. Since the family functioning variable can be controlled by care, rehabilitation team should monitor the variable closely to improve the efficiency of rehabilitation. Because of their implication for further study, some variables, other than those considered here, are needed for studying rehabilitation of physically disabled persons.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.7-19
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between injury and injury severity score (ISS) in geriatric traffic accident patients transported by 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: The subjects were 240 traffic accident patients over 65 years old transported by 119 rescue services emergency departments in Busan from January 1, 2014 to August 31, 2015. Results: ISS increased in motorcycle traffic accidents (p=.026), truck injuries (p=.005), and head and neck injury (p<.001). Vital signs were evaluated by 119 rescue EMT. ISS increased in cases of unresponsive unconsciousness (p<.001), hypotension (p=.001), and bradycardia (p<.001). The need for bleeding control and dressing by the EMTs increased ISS significantly (p=.022). Conclusion: In the initial evaluation of geriatric traffic patients, ISS can increase in motor cycle accidents and truck injuries. Due to high ISS, patients with head and neck injury, chest injury, hypotension, or tachycardia should be transferred to advanced level hospitals.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is accompanied by disruption of the epidermal lipid barrier, of which ceramide (Cer) is the major component. Recently it was reported that vitamin C is essential for de novo synthesis of Cer in the epidermis and that the level of vitamin C in plasma is decreased in AD. The objective of this study was to determine the associations among clinical severity, vitamin C in either plasma or epidermis, and Cer in the epidermis of patients with AD. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 17 patients (11 male and 6 female) aged 20-42 years were enrolled. The clinical severity of AD was assessed according to the SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) system. Levels of vitamin C were determined in plasma and biopsies of lesional epidermis. Levels of epidermal lipids, including Cer, were determined from tape-stripped lesional epidermis. RESULTS: The clinical severity of patients ranged between 0.1 and 45 (mild to severe AD) based on the SCORAD system. As the SCORAD score increased, the level of vitamin C in the plasma, but not in the epidermis, decreased, and levels of total Cer and Cer2, the major Cer species in the epidermis, also decreased. There was also a positive association between level of vitamin C in the plasma and level of total Cer in the epidermis. However, levels of epidermal total lipids including triglyceride, cholesterol, and free fatty acid (FFA) were not associated with either SCORAD score or level of vitamin C in the plasma of all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: As the clinical severity of AD increased, level of vitamin C in the plasma and level of epidermal Cer decreased, and there was a positive association between these two parameters, implying associations among plasma vitamin C, epidermal Cer, and the clinical severity of AD.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.218-228
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• 2000

Background : Among 'structure', 'process' and 'outcome' approaches, outcome evaluation is considered as the most direct and best approach to assess the quality of health care providers. Risk-adjustment is an essential method to compare outcome across providers. This study has aims to judge performance of hospitals by severity adjusted mortality rates of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods : Medical records of 584 patients who got the CABG surgery in 6 general hospitals during 1996 and 1997 were reviewed by trained nurses. The MedisGroups was used to quantify severity of patients. The predictive probability of death was calculated for each patient in the sample from a multivariate logistic regression model including the severity score, age and sex. For evaluation of hospital performance, we calculated ratio of observed number to expected number of deaths and z score [(observed number of deaths - expected number of deaths)/square root of the variance in the number of deaths], and compared observed mortality rate with confidence interval of adjusted mortality rate for each hospital. Results : The overall in-hospital mortality was 7.0%, ranged from 2.7% to 15.7% by hospital. After severity adjustment the mortality by hospital was from 2.7% to 10.7%. One hospital with poor performance was distinctly divided from others with good performance. Conclusion : In conclusion, severity-adjusted mortality rate of CABG surgery might be applied as an indicator for hospital performance evaluation in Korea. But more pilot studies and improvement of methodologies has to be done to use it as quality indicator.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.161-172
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to classify patient severity score for hemodialysis patients. Method: The subject of this study was 1,575 patients. To study the severity of the patients, we used t-test and ANOVA. The congruity was measured by Kappa coefficient and the severity in each medical facility was analyzed by ANOVA. Result: The results showed that there was a significant difference according to the levels of medical center (F=171.187, p<.0001). Categorizing the severity of the patients in each medical facility, group II and III of the secondary medical institution had higher ratio than the primary medical institution. There was not a single patient coming under group IV in both of the primary or secondary medical institutions. However, the tertiary medical institutions had more subjects in group II and III than the primary and secondary medical institutions. The group IV with the highest severity had 11 patients(1.5%), demonstrating that the tertiary medical institution had higher severity patients than the primary or secondary medical institutions. Conclusion: The results of this study appropriately reflects the repayment system of medical expenses by the government. Also, it provides the fundamental information to develop nursing fee system taken into account of the systemic differences among the primary, secondary and tertiary medical institutions.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.91-98
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• 2022

Objectives: Comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) is effective in children with chronic tic disorders. This study aimed to assess the effect of group-based CBIT (group-CBIT) on tic severity and comorbid symptoms. We compared the efficacy of group CBIT with that of a control. Methods: Thirty children with chronic tic disorder or Tourette's disorder were enrolled in this study. Eighteen were assigned to the group-CBIT for eight sessions, and 12 were assigned to the control group. Tics and comorbid symptoms were assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale-IV, Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, and the Korean-Children Behavioral Checklist. We compared the pre- and post-intervention results of each group and determined the difference in the pre- and post-intervention results between intervention and the control group. Results: The YGTSS motor and vocal tic interference, global impairment, and global severity scores decreased in the intervention group only. Group CBIT was superior in reducing the motor tic interference, impairment score, and global severity score to the control group. Conclusion: The group-CBIT showed an improvement in tic symptoms, especially in reducing the level of interference and impairment of tics.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.400-408
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• 2019

Background: For decades, trauma has been recognized globally as a major cause of death. Reducing the mortality of patients with trauma is an extremely pressing issue, particularly for those with severe trauma. An early and accurate assessment of the risk of mortality among patients with severe trauma is important for improving patient outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective medical record review of 582 patients with severe trauma admitted to the emergency department between July 2011 and June 2016. We analyzed the associations of in-hospital mortality with the baseline characteristics and initial biochemical markers of patients with severe trauma on admission. Results: The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 14.9%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patient's Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS; odds ratio [OR], 1.186; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.018-1.383; p=0.029), Emergency Trauma Score (EMTRAS; OR, 2.168; 95% CI, 1.570-2.994; p<0.001), serum lactate levels (SLL; OR, 1.298; 95% CI, 1.118-1.507; p<0.001), and Injury Severity Score (ISS; OR, 1.038; 95% CI, 1.010-1.130; p=0.021) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: The REMS, EMTRAS, and SLL can easily and rapidly be used as alternatives to the injury severity score to predict in-hospital mortality for patients who present to the emergency department with severe trauma.