• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.29.1-29.12
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• 2022

Several studies have shown associations between irinotecan toxicity and UGT1A genetic variations in colorectal and lung cancer, but only limited data are available for gastric cancer patients. We evaluated the frequencies of UGT1A polymorphisms and their relationship with clinicopathologic parameters in 382 Korean gastric cancer patients. Polymorphisms of UGT1A1*6, UGT1A1*27, UGT1A1*28, UGT1A1*60, UGT1A7*2, UGT1A7*3, and UGT1A9*22 were genotyped by direct sequencing. In 98 patients treated with irinotecan-containing regimens, toxicity and response were compared according to the genotype. The UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A9*22 genotypes showed a higher prevalence in Korean gastric cancer patients, while the prevalence of the UG1A1*28 polymorphism was lower than in normal Koreans, as has been found in other studies of Asian populations. The incidence of severe diarrhea after irinotecan-containing treatment was more common in patients with the UGT1A1*6, UGT1A7*3 and UGT1A9*22 polymorphisms than in controls. The presence of the UGT1A1*6 allele also showed a significant association with grade III-IV neutropenia. Upon haplotype and diplotype analyses, almost every patient bearing the UGT1A1*6 or UGT1A7*3 variant also had the UGT1A9*22 polymorphism, and all severe manifestations of UGT1A polymorphism-associated toxicity were related to the UGT1A9*22 polymorphism. By genotyping UGT1A9*22 polymorphisms, we could identify high-risk gastric cancer patients receiving irinotecan-containing chemotherapy, who would experience severe toxicity. When treating high-risk patients with the UGT1A9*22 polymorphism, clinicians should closely monitor them for signs of toxicity such as severe diarrhea or neutropenia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2008

The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological characteristics such as isolation rate and antimicrobial drug susceptibility of etiological agents. The specimens (stool or intestine) were collected from 319 calves with clinical diarrhea from 195 farms in Gyeongnam south area (Gosung, Tongyung, Hadong) from June 2005 to August 2006. The isolation rate of Salmonella spp was higher in summer (8.4%) than in winter (4.8%) and the average was 7.2% (23/319 head). Some of Salmonella spp isolated were resistant to penicillin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and cephalexin (>90%), but some of them were susceptible to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and amikacin(>30%). There was no statistical difference in the isolation rate of Eimeria spp between summer(48.9%) and winter(42.3%). For the evaluation of infection level of Eimeria spp oocyst per gram of feces (OPG) was examined, and severe, moderate and light infection level were 11.9%, 12.5% and 22.3%, respectively. In the isolation rates of Eimeria spp the calves under 19 days was lowerthan those over 60 days, but there was not different among herd size.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 2000

Autoimmune enteropathy is a rare chronic diarrheal disease of infancy. Clinicopathologically, this entity is characterized by chronic secretory diarrhea, villous atrophy with crypt hypoplasia of a small intestine and/or associated autoimmune disorders, and absence of severe immunodeficiency. For the confirmation of diagnosis, antienterocyte autoantibody should be delineated. The treatment of choice of this disorder is immunosuppression. We has been experienced a case of autoimmune enteropathy without autoimmune disorders in a 10-month-old male infant. He developed protracted diarrhea from 5 months of his age and has been appeared to be failure to thrive. Antienterocyte autoantibody was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. He was successfully treated with corticosteroid and FK506. This is the first case report of autoimmune enteropathy without autoimmune disorders in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate to protective effects against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in piglets by administration of the PEDV antiserum orally at 2 hrs, 24hrs and 36hrs after birth. six piglets administered the antiserum were experimentally infected with PEDV at five-day-old. Control group were four piglets infected with PEDV only. Clinical signs and gross, histopathological lesion and immunohistochemical findings were examined. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In clinical signs, piglets of the control group appeared the typical signs of severe watery diarrhea, depression and anorexia but piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group recovered progressively. In mortality, control group showed 75%, but PEDV antiserum treated group showed 16.7%, respectively. 2. In gross findings, piglets of the control group appeared the typical findings of congestion, distension of lumen, containing curdes of undigested milk in stomach. But piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group appeared milder than those of control group. 3. In histopathological findings, piglets of the control group appeared the typical findings of villous atrophy and fusion, congesion, exfoliation, vacuolation, squamation, loss of cilia and proliferation of crypt. But piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group appeared milder than those of control group. 4. In immunohistochemical findings, piglets of the PEDV antiserum treated group showed more intensive in reaction for IgG and IgG than those of control group. The recation for IgA was stronger than that of IgG. It was concluded that oral administration of PEDV antiserum to piglets was effective in preventing PEDV infection and reduced their mortality.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in suckling piglets by oral administration of the IgY. The piglets were divided into two groups: test and control group. The former (n=10) were administered orally with IgY for three days from one-day-old and experimentally challenged with PEDV and TGEV at four-day-old. The latter (n=10) were administered with saline solution and challenged with same methods. Several tests were studied and summarized as follows; In clinical signs, the piglets of the control group showed the typical signs such as severe watery diarrhea, depression and anorexia but those of the test group recovered progressively. Control group showed 20% in mortality, but there were no death in the other. The gross lesions in the test were milder than those in the control, and there were typical findings as like congestion and distension of lumen in the control group. In histopathological study, the piglets of the control group had shortened and fused intestinal villi and a marked loss of epithelium, whereas the others showed milder changes. It could be concluded that oral administration of IgY, specific yolk-antibody against PEDV and TGEV is effective to prevent PEDV and TGEV infection in suckling piglets.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.431-440
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• 2019

Purpose: No national survey has yet described the guidelines followed by Korean pediatricians to treat acute gastroenteritis (AGE). An online survey was performed to investigate the management of AGE followed by members of The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, and the results were compared between pediatric gastroenterologists (PG) and general pediatricians (GP). Methods: Questionnaires were sent to pediatricians between June 2 and 4, 2018 regarding the type of hospital, indications for admission, antiemetic and antidiarrheal drugs and antibiotics prescribed, and dietary changes advised. Results: Among the 400 pediatricians approached, 141 pediatricians (35.3%) responded to the survey. PG comprised 39% of the respondents and 72.7% worked at a tertiary hospital. Both PG and GP considered diarrhea or vomiting to be the primary symptom. The most common indication for hospitalization was severe dehydration (98.8%). Most pediatricians managed dehydration with intravenous fluid infusions (PG 98.2%, GP 92.9%). Antiemetics were prescribed by 87.3% of PG and 96.6% of GP. Probiotics to manage diarrhea were prescribed by 89.1% of PG and 100.0% of GP. Antibiotics were used in children with blood in diarrheal stool or high fever. Dietary changes were more commonly recommended by GP (59.3%) than by PG (27.3%) (p<0.05). Tests to identify etiological agents were performed primarily in hospitalized children. Conclusion: This survey assessing the management of pediatric AGE showed that the indications for admission and rehydration were similar between GP and PG. Drug prescriptions for diarrhea and dietary changes were slightly commonly recommended by GP than by PG.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2024

Objectives : Samanhyeol is a combination of acupoints located in the cubital and popliteal fossa. It is commonly used in clinical practice to treat acute illnesses such as summerheat stroke, vomiting, diarrhea, and hemorrhagic diseases. There are two types of Samanhyeol in literature: BL40 and LU5, and BL40 and PC3. We investigated which acupoint is representative of Samanhyeol, and more closely fits the definition of Samanhyeol between LU5 and PC3. Methods : We searched for literature related to Samanhyeol, compared the anatomical locations of LU5, PC3, and BL40, examined their indications associated with the effectiveness of Samanhyeol, and checked cases in the literature where LU5 or PC3 was used concurrently with BL40. Results : BL40, one of the Samanhyeol, has been used to treat summerheat stroke, vomiting, diarrhea, and epistaxis in acupuncture texts, and there are many references in the literature to BL40 being used for bloodletting. And BL40 is located in the midpoint of the traverse crease of the popliteal fossa. From this perspective, LU5 may be a more suitable than PC3 because it is located in the midpoint of the cubital crease. However, Samanhyeol is a combination of acupoints used to treat heat stroke, vomiting and diarrhea, and hemorrhagic diseases. Upon analyzing the literature, it was found that LU5 and PC3 have similar efficacy. However, PC3 was used more frequently in cases of severe fever, unconsciousness or syncope. Conclusions : Literature suggests that BL40 is the representative acupoint for Samanhyeol. And PC3 is more appropriate than LU5 for Samanhyeol because its effects are more stronger on heat stroke although both LU5 and PC3 can treat symptoms related to Samanhyeol.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2006

Background: Irinotecan (topoisomerase I inhibitor) is effective as a monotherapy against small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). Cisplatin is also an important drug against SCLC. A phase II study of irinotecan combined with cisplatin was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of this combined regimen as a first line treatment in patients with extensive SCLC. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with previously untreated extensive SCLC were enrolled in this study. Irinotecan $60mg/m^2$ was administered intravenously on days 1, 8 and 15, and in combination with cisplatin $60mg/m^2$ on day 1 and every 28 days thereafter. Four cycles of chemotherapy were given to the patients. Results: The overall response rate was 77% with a complete response (CR) rate of 8%. The median survival time, 1- and 2-year survival rate were 14.8 months, 60.9% and 27.6%, respectively. The median progression free survival time, 6-and 12-month progression free survival rate were 8.4 months, 75% and 18.8%, respectively. The WHO grade 3 or more toxicity encountered were leukopenia (23%), diarrhea (26%). Two patients changed their chemotherapeutic regimen and one patient died from severe diarrhea. Conclusion: The combination of irinotecan and cisplatin is effective as a first line therapy in extensive SCLC is effective, but has severe or fatal diarrhea as toxicity.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.294-303
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• 2011

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop the algorithm, which can help clinicians diagnose Soyangin's symptomatology, based on the indexes for energy and fluid and those for nutrient material. 2. Methods: The items of "Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)" were analysed to figure out the inevitable and sequential indexes of Soyangin's symptomatology diagnosis, in order of exterior-interior pattern differentiation, favorable-unfavorable pattern differentiation, and mild-severe-dangerous-urgent pattern differentiation. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) 1st step: Soyangin's exterior pattern and interior pattern are differentiated in terms of heat and cold, respectively. Aversion to cold and feces are used to confirm the difference. 2) 2nd step: The existence of diarrhea is used to find out that an exterior pattern is with or without favor, while the indexes of back cold, skinniness of thigh-knee and turbid urine are used to identify an interior pattern with or without favor. 3) 3rd step: The favorably exterior-heat pattern can be either mild or severe by the indexes of stuffiness/rigidity/pain below the heart and digestion, while the unfavorably exterior-heat pattern can be either dangerous or urgent by the ones of cold-heat and specific pain. And, the favorably interior-cold pattern can be either mild or severe mainly by feces and subsidiarily by delirious speech and digestion, while the unfavorably interior-cold pattern can be either mild or severe by afternoon tidal fever and vomiting.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.100-103
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• 2016

Patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) can rapidly develop profound anemia as the disease progresses, as a consequence of red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis and inadequate erythropoietin synthesis. Therefore, RBC transfusion should be considered in HUS patients with severe anemia to avoid cardiac or pulmonary complications. Most patients who are Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusion, even in the face of life-threatening medical conditions due to their religious convictions. These patients require management alternatives to blood transfusions. Erythropoietin is a glycopeptide that enhances endogenous erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. With the availability of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), several authors have reported its successful use in patients refusing blood transfusion. However, the optimal dose and duration of treatment with rHuEPO are not established. We report a case of a 2-year-old boy with diarrhea-associated HUS whose family members are Jehovah's Witnesses. He had severe anemia with acute kidney injury. His lowest hemoglobin level was 3.6 g/dL, but his parents refused treatment with packed RBC transfusion due to their religious beliefs. Therefore, we treated him with high-dose rHuEPO (300 IU/kg/day) as well as folic acid, vitamin B12, and intravenous iron. The hemoglobin level increased steadily to 7.4 g/dL after 10 days of treatment and his renal function improved without any complications. To our knowledge, this is the first case of successful rHuEPO treatment in a Jehovah's Witness child with severe anemia due to HUS.