• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

Many financial service organizations use various types of penalties (e.g., late payment fee, overdraft fee), often inflicting customer complaints and, in extreme cases, attrition. This study examines how customers evaluate penalties using concepts from attribution theory and literatures of social justice and customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction. The study hypothesizes that both cognitive (i.e., attribution, perceived fairness, disconfirmation) and affective (i.e., emotion) responses influence customer's penalty judgment and tests the effect of moderation between attribution and perceived fairness on penalty judgment. The study uses a cross sectional survey design and collects data using the critical incident technique. The results show that attributions have significant moderating effects on the relationship between perceived fairness and dissatisfaction with the penalty and that perceived fairness, emotion, and attribution have a significant influence on penalty evaluation. The study provides discussion of the findings and managerial implications.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2011

본 연구는 정시성의 목표값이 운영 요구조건으로 주어지고 이를 달성하지 못한 해당연도에는 철도운영자에게 패널티가 부과되는 상황에서 철도시스템의 신뢰도 목표값을 설정하는 문제를 다룬다. 철도시스템의 신뢰도에 따라 총 운영기간동안 패널티 부과 회수가 달라지기 때문에 철도운영자는 이를 고려하여 철도시스템 및 하위시스템에 대해 신뢰도 목표값을 설정할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 철도운영자가 운영기간 동안의 패널티 부과회수를 고려하여 철도시스템의 서비스 신뢰도 목표로 설정할 수 있도록 철도시스템 및 하위시스템의 서비스 고장 간 거리에 따라 연간 패널티 부과 확률 및 철도시스템의 운영연수 동안 패널티 부과 회수를 산출하는 절차 및 계산식을 제안한다.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2010

Penalty tax of basic law that has been revised in December 30, 2006 has been amended to tax 40 percent on no report and under-reporting in unjustifiable way. This revision is a punitive regulation that reflects the national tax service's will to not sit back and watch taxpayers' intentional tax evasion by imposing a heavier tax burden, and it raised penalty tax rate that has been applied leniently compared to foreign countries. Therefore, this study examines how changes in penalty tax rate affected faithful tax report and in what level the punitive penalty tax rate should be legislated so that the effect of the penalty tax rate can be maximized by performing empirical analysis on the effect on income tax rate reporting standard of self-employed businesses before and after the time the penalty tax rate increased dramatically from 33.3% to 300% based on the items.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2000

A large amount of food waste in known to bring about many problems including environmental pollution. This study was carried out to investigate effective methods for reducing leftovers in the food service business & industry. The reasons for producing leftovers in food service restaurants, customers perferences of foods, cooking methods the degree of saltiness, and serving size were surveyed using questionnaire and the menu was improved based on the customers perferences. Excessively large serving sizes and the unfavorable cooking methods is food service were the main reason for the leftovers of side dish and one=dish foods. Because the largest amount of leftover came from soups & stews, an effective way of reducing leftovers in food service would be to reduce the serving size of soups & stews. Total leftovers was reduced to about 60% after improving menu (p<0.01) and the each leftover or rice, soup&stew, and side dishes was also reduced significantly after improving the menu(p<0.001) The environmental campaign to reduced food waste by bulletin intra-net using personal computers slogans& posters, and new letters was conducted for one week each and then leftovers were measured 9 times for following three weeks regularly. The total amount of leftovers decreased slightly due to the environmental campaign, but the difference was not significant . When we adopted penalty or prize system leftovers were decreased by about 35%(p<0.001) and the penalty system was more effective than the prize system in reducing leftover (p<0.001) When we compared the leftovers under the three services, a tray service was more effective in reducing leftover than complete self-service of partial self-service(p<0.001).

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1999

It is truism to say that today's customers demand high quality products and services; nevertheless, nowhere is this more prevalent than in the medical industry. Korea's globalization has increased it's citizen's awareness of greater life expectancies and medical improvements in other regions of the globe. Therefore, it is universally essential that in order to be successful in the medical industry, vendors must meet the ever increasing demands of better educated customers. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) The first objective was discover what health care services are in demand and the quality factors related to these services. 2) The second objective was to determine a strategy for improving health care service through quality function deployment(QFD). One hundred and ninety-five respondents were randomly selected and asked to fill out a questionnaire after having undergone treatment at a medical clinic, located in Daejon, South Korea. The questionnaire was designed to obtain information about both he clients' satisfaction with, and their sense of the value of the medical treatment they received. Penalty-reward analysis and QFD were used to interpret the survey results and to deploy the collective voices of the customers. The results of the penalty-reward analysis illustrated that the 'communication' service quality factor was classified into an excitement factor that incurs no penalty if not achieved but adds value if the requirement is exceeded. As a result of the QFD analysis on the 'communication' service quality factor, eleven strategic alternatives were prioritized, and isolated a vital service quality characteristic. This characteristic can be implemented to bring value-added changes for the improvement of health care services.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a Bicycle sharing has grown popular around the cities in the world due to its convenience. However, the bicycle sharing system is not problem-free, and there remains many managerial problems to be solved. In this study, we analyzed pricing strategy of a bicycle sharing system by minimizing the number of bicycles relocated by trucks, the act of which incurs penalty. The objective function is constructed by applying mixed integer programming and is presented as a stochastic model by using Markov chain so that arrival and departure rates of bicycle stations can be utilized in the analysis. The efficiency of the presented model is verified upon the analysis of bicycle sharing data gathered in Daejeon in 2014.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 일반적인 OTDR 기술로 WDM 전송시스템의 감시를 수행하는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 감시 방법은 전송로에 포함된 EDFA의 구조를 광회전기(optical circulator)와 FBG(Fiber Bragg Grating)를 이용하여 OTDR 광펄스의 파장에서만 양방향 전송이 가능하도록 변경하고, 전송 신호의 역방향으로 OTDR 광펄스를 삽입함으로써 EDFA의 교차이득변조에 의한 신호왜곡을 분산시켜 신호전송과 전송로 감시를 동시에 수행하는 것이다. 이 감시 방법의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 제안된 구조로 변경된 EDFA가 포함된 320km 길이의 8 채널 WDM 광전송 시스템을 구축하고 신호전송과 동시에 전송로 감시를 수행한 결과를 보였으며, 이때 전송로 감시로 인한 전송 신호 채널의 power penalty를 BERT로 측정하여 그 값이 0.3dB이하로 매우 작음을 보였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2019

This study suggests a solution of an incentive system from the viewpoint of the external effect on the renting of firefighting qualifications and on rental agencies. Currently, the Human Resources Development Service of Korea does not have a penalty for neglecting to perform a search into qualification lending and rental agencies. In the short term, the penal clause should be strengthened so that companies and qualification holders cannot borrow or lend their qualifications. In addition, the Human Resources Development Service of Korea will increase the number of personnel dedicated to investigating the loaning of qualifications. It is necessary for the government to establish a penalty for neglecting to investigate the lending of qualifications for the Human Resources Development Service of Korea. In the long term, the state needs to make only minimal regulations. Also, the state needs to make companies and qualification holders feel like they benefit more when they are not borrowing or lending qualifications. The anticipated effect of this study is that the government will intervene appropriately by applying firefighting qualifications according to market principles. It can also be used as a basis for the revision of related laws on the renting of national technical qualification certificates and the investigation of rental agencies.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 방송, 통신, 인터넷이 하나가 되는 BcN 환경에서 멀티캐스트 서비스를 위한 연결 수락 제어(Call Admission Control) 방안에 대하여 알아본다. 제한된 시스템의 처리 용량으로 인해 서비스 요청에 대하여 적절하게 연결 수락을 제어함으로써 QoS를 효과적으로 지원하는 것이 필요하다. 그 방법으로 하나의 멀티캐스트 서비스에 대하여 세 가지 등급으로 나누어, 각 등급마다 처리할 수 있는 역치(Threshold)를 정하여 제한된 역치 범위 안에서 서비스 요청을 수락할 수 있다. 특히, 시스템 입장에서 등급별 서비스 요청에 대하여 수락 및 거절함에 따른 이익(Reward)과 손실(Penalty)을 근거로 정의되는 시스템 cost 모델인 GAIN을 정의하여 최대한의 이득을 가져올 수 있는 역치의 범위를 정하고, 이를 근거로 서비스 요청을 제어한다. 성능 분석을 위하여 시스템을 M/M/m/m으로 모델링하여 다양한 환경에서 GAIN을 알아보고, 제안된 알고리즘의 효과를 보인다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1279-1286
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• 2021

본 연구는 주차장 검색 및 사전예약서비스가 가능한 스마트 주차서비스에 대한 것으로, 요금(예약요금, 위약금) 등과 관련된 사용자의 선호선택 모형에 관한 연구이다. 스마트 주차서비스에 대한 응답설문을 구성하여 로짓 모형형태의 사용자 선호도 모형을 두 가지를 구축하였다. 첫 번째는 스마트주차장을 선택하는 모형으로 이용요금과 비용과의 관계에서 일반 주차장보다 선택확률이 높아지는 상황을 제시하였다. 두 번째는 주차권 예약할인 선택모형으로 예약금액과 위약금과의 관계 모형을 통하여 스마트주차서비스 선택확률을 분석하였다. 사용자의 선호도를 고려한 정교하고 다양한 형태의 스마트 주차서비스가 가능한 설계 요구사항으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.