• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2013

Subclinical vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency is common in the elderly worldwide. We investigated the change of serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration with aging and compared anthropometric data and clinical health indicators between normal (${\geq}$ 340 pg/mL) and low (< 340 pg/mL) serum vitamin $B_{12}$ groups in 470 Korean women aged 65 years and over living in a rural area. Serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration showed inverse correlation with age (r = -0.0992, p < 0.05). The normal $B_{12}$ group showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit compared to the low $B_{12}$ group, however, no difference in mean corpuscular volume was observed between the two groups. The normal $B_{12}$ group showed significantly lower serum homocysteine concentration (p < 0.01) and prevalence of vitamin D (p < 0.01) or folate deficiency (p < 0.001). Bone mineral density (T-score) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the normal $B_{12}$ group, compared with that in the low $B_{12}$ group, and showed positive correlation (r = 0.1490, p < 0.01) with serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration after adjusting for age, body weight, and body mass index. No differences in anthropometric data, physical activity, and smoking and drinking habits were observed between the two groups. In conclusion, it could be suggested that older female adults with normal serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level would be less anemic and osteoporotic and more resistant to hyperhomocysteinemia associated chronic diseases than those with low serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2010

Recently, we found and analyzed vitamin $B_{12}$ in some Korean traditional plant foods which had not reported, yet. This study was to investigate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake and its dietary sources and the vitamin $B_{12}$ status in the very old elderly Koreans. We measured serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level and estimated the amounts of vitamin $B_{12}$ intake from different dietary sources in female elderly Koreans aged 85 and over who had consumed a relatively low animal traditional diet for the whole life. The average age of the subjects (n = 127) was 98.0 years (85-108 years). The assessment on energy and nutrient intake involved a one-day 24-hour recall, and serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Overall diet pattern was not different between the 85-99 yr-old group and centenarians, except centenarians were taking more dairy product. The average ratio of plant food to animal food consumption was 87.5:12.5 in weight. The average vitamin $B_{12}$ intake of our subjects was 3.2 ${\mu}g$, and 52.7% of subjects consumed under estimated average requirement, 2.0 ${\mu}g$/day. On dietary source, 67.3% of dietary vitamin $B_{12}$ was from meat, eggs and fishes and 30.6% was from plant foods, such as soybean-fermented foods, seaweeds, and kimchi. The average serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration was 450.5 pg/mL, and low serum vitamin $B_{12}$ (< 200 pg/mL) was found in 9.6% of subjects. Dietary vitamin $B_{12}$ intake was significantly lower in subjects with low serum vitamin $B_{12}$ (0.79 ${\mu}g$/day) than those with normal serum vitamin $B_{12}$ (3.47 ${\mu}g$/day). There were no significant difference in vitamin $B_{12}$ intake and its dietary sources and serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level between the 85-99 yr- old group and centenarians. In conclusion, several plant-origin foods including seaweed, soybean-fermented foods, and kimchi, may contribute significantly to good vitamin $B_{12}$ status in very old elderly Koreans.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of serum folate (vitamin B9), cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels and diet with semen parameters (semen standard parameters [SSP] and DNA fragmentation index [DFI]) in infertile men. Methods: Sperm samples were assessed for SSP and DFI (using the sperm chromatin dispersion test). Serum vitamin concentrations were measured with an immuno-electrochemiluminescence assay, and men completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Serum folate levels were positively correlated with sperm progressive motility and DFI. A comparison of SSP between two groups of patients according to serum folate concentration (B9 <4.840 ng/mL and B9 ≥4.840 ng/mL) showed significantly higher sperm concentration and sperm progressive motility in the latter group. However, there was no difference between these groups regarding DFI. Interestingly, serum folate levels were significantly higher in patients with a high DFI (using the cut-offs of 30% or 18%). FFQ data showed that the consumption of fruits and egg yolk correlated positively with sperm concentration and sperm motility, respectively. Conclusion: Serum folate levels showed significant associations with sperm concentration and sperm progressive motility. However, the positive association of serum folate with DFI raises the need for careful prescription of folate supplements.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.615-622
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• 2005

Folate and Vitamin $B_{12}$ are essential nutrients important during pregnancy. This study was conducted to evaluate the folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ nutritional status of Korean pregnant women and to investigate the relationship between maternal­umbilical cord serum folate and vitamin B12 levels and pregnancy outcomes. Dietary intakes of the pregnant women were estimated by 24 hour-recall (3 times). Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in maternal blood and umbilical cord of 27 pregnant women at 1'st-, 2'nd-, 3'rd-trimester and delivery were measured by RIA (radioimmuno assay), respectively. Means of folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ intake were $283.53\pm58.01{\mu}g/day\;and\; 2.99\pm1.32mg/day$, respectively. Maternal mean serum folate levels of the trimester and delivery were $9.75\pm3.60ng/ml,\;10.46\pm4.63ng/ml,\;10.71\pm4.14ng/ml\;and\;15.05\pm7.04ng/ml$. Those maternal levels were significantly lower than that of umbilical cord blood $(23.99\pm9.42ng/ml)$. Serum vitamin $B_{12}$ levels of maternal trimester and delivery were $479.07\pm137.56 pg/ml,\;310.96\pm137.56pg/ml,\;308.22\pm74.65pg/ml,\;and\;295.67\pm93.36pg/ml$, which were significantly lower than those of umbilical cord blood $(500.13\pm185.60ng/ml)$. This finding indicates that the uptake of folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ in the fetus may be due to an active placental transport mechanism. Maternal serum level correlated positively with those of umbilical cord blood, showing that folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration of umbilical cord blood might be affected by maternal status. There was no significant correlation between the serum folate levels in maternal-umbilical cord blood and the pregnancy outcomes. However, maternal vitamin $B_{12}$ level at l'st trimester was significant positive correlation between the gestational age except for birth weight and weight gain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1433-1437
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• 2007

Two field trials were carried out to evaluate the performance of a soluble glass copper, cobalt and selenium bolus for maintaining adequate levels of the three trace elements in yaks. Forty yaks were used in trial 1 and 60 yaks were used in trial 2. In each trial two commercial soluble glass boluses were administered to half of the yaks. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein at day 0, 30, 60, 90 in trial 1 and at day 0, 45, 75 and 105 in trial 2. The samples were analysed for copper status (serum caeruloplasmin activity and copper concentration), cobalt status (serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration and cobalt concentration), selenium status (erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium concentration) and serum zinc concentration. The erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities, serum caeruloplasmin activities and serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations for trial 1 and 2 were all significantly increased for the bolused yaks (p<0.001 or p<0.01) on all sampling days. The bolused yaks had a significantly higher selenium and copper status in serum than the control yaks on all sampling days in trial 1 and 2 (p<0.05 or p<0.01). There were no significant differences in zinc and cobalt concentrations between the bolused yaks and the controls.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2005

Elevated homocysteine concentration is known to be related to placental abruption, spontaneous abortion, and many adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of folic acid supplementation ($1000{\cal}ug$ per day) and 5, 10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism genotype on serum homocysteine and B vitamin levels in 50 infertile women ($31.2{\pm}3.2\;years$). Blood sampling was performed at baseline and at the end of folic acid supplementation period. In infertile women, serum folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations were significantly higher in post-supplementation than those in pre-supplementation. Serum homocysteine concentration was significantly lower in post-supplementation than that in pre-supplementation. However, serum homocysteine levels were still higher in the T/T genotype than those in the C/C or C/T even after folic acid supplementation. Serum homo-cysteine was inversely related to serum folate in T/T homozygotes at baseline and at the end of folic acid supplementation. These results suggest that folic acid supplementation is needed for infertile women to improve their vitamin status and also to reduce the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia. These effects were different according to their MTHFR C677T genotypes. Therefore, further studies are necessary to determine the optimal level of supplementation of folic acid by MTHFR genotypes.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2006

목적: 위절제술 후 가장 많이 발생하는 대사 장애는 빈혈이며 2가지 종류가 있다. 그 하나는 철 부족 빈혈이고 나머지 하나는 비타민 B12 대사 장애로 발생하는 빈혈이다. 비타민 B12부족을 빨리 발견하면 늦게 발견하여 발생하는 여러 가지 신경, 정신적 장애를 예방할 수 있다. 위 전절제술 후 비타민 B12 부족에 대한 발생률과 치료에 대하여 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년부터 2004년까지 대구가톨릭대학교병원 외과에서 위암으로 진단받고 위 전절제술을 시행한 128명을 대상으로 비타민 B12 혈중 농도를 측정하였다. 비타민 B12의 혈중 농도를 측정하여 200 pg/ml 이하를 치료 대상으로 하였다. 혈중 농도의 부족한 정도에 따라서 $4{\sim}6$개월 간격으로 추적 검사하였다. 결과: 위 전절제술 128명 중 비타민 B12 혈중 농도가 200pg/ml 이하는 47.6% (61명)였다. 위 전절제술 후 시기별 누적 빈도수는 혈중 농도 200 pg/ml 이하는 1년 23.4%, 2년 33.6%, 3년 39.1%, 4년 41.4%, 5년 이상 47.7%였다. 혈중 농도 200 pg/ml 이하로 치료 대상자는 36명이었으며, 이중 혈중농도 $100{\sim}150\;pg/ml$는 16명이고, 1개월 간격으로 5.21회 주사 후 평균치 652.89 pg/ml까지 증가하였다. 혈중 농도 $150{\sim}200\;pg/ml$로 치료 대상자 20명 중 4.75회 주사 후 평균치 782.67 pg/ml까지 증가하였다. 결론: 위 전절제술 약 1년 후부터 비타민 B12 투여가 필요하며, 비타민 B12의 혈중 농도가 200 pg/ml 이하이면 비타민 B12 (Actinamide) $1,000{\mu}g$을 1개월 간격으로 $5{\sim}6$회 근육 주사하면 정상 혈중 농도를 유지할 수 있다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2006

We evaluated the relations among exposure and urinary levels of Cr, folate, vitamin $B_{12}$ and Hcy levels in the workers chronically exposure to Cr. Subjects were 104 male employees, 65 workers exposed to Cr in 9 electroplating plants and 39 office workers who had never been occupationally exposed to hazardous substances including Cr. The geometric mean(GM) of Cr in workplace was $0.069{\pm}0.101mg/m^3$ and urinary Cr was $0.483{\pm}0.394mg/g$ creatinine and airborne Cr concentration was significantly correlated to the urinary concentration of Cr(r=0.900, p=0.000). The geometric mean concentration of urinary Cr in control group was $0.301{\pm}0.255mg/g$ creatinine. In comparing the workers exposed to Cr with controls, significantly higher mean plasma levels were found of Hcy($11.3{\pm}4.9$ vs $9.4{\pm}4.7{\mu}mol/{\ell}$, p=0.05), but vitamin $B_{12}$ levels ($181.8{\pm}68.7$ vs $216.0{\pm}64.3nmol/{\ell}$, p=0.01) was significantly decreased. Hcy concentrations correlated positively with airborne Cr concentrations(r=0.287, p=0.004) and urinary Cr concentrations(r=0.244, p=0.015) but folate concentrations correlated negatively with airborne(r=-0.234, p=0.020) and urinary Cr concentrations(r=-0.640, p=0.090), respectively. No correlations were observed between vitamin $B_{12}$, airborne and urinary Cr concentrations. Also, Hcy concentrations correlated positively with vitamin $B_{12}$(r=0.295, p=0.0020 and negatively with folate concentrations(r=-0.196, p=0.046). The various biological(i.e. age and serum indicates) or lifestyle factors(i.e. medication, smoking, alcohol and coffee intake), also taken into account as potential confounders, did not influence the correlations found. Thus, this study found evidence that Cr might be associated with elevated plasma levels of Hcy. Furthermore, elevated plasma levels of Hcy were significantly associated with folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 20대 초반의 젊은 여성인 일부 여대생을 대상으로 영양소 섭취량. 인체계측, 혈장 호모시스테인 및 혈중 비타민 농도를 분석하여 혈장 호모시스테인 농도와 비타민 영양상태 간의 상관성을 조사하였다. 조사대상자의 평균연령은 22.4세였으며 평균 수축기, 이완기 혈압은 각각 115mmHg, 71.5mmHg였다. 조사대상주중 13%(4명)만이 영양 보충제를 섭취하였고 33%(10명)정도가 월 3회 이상 음주를 하였으며 흡연자는 3%(1명)에 해당하였다. 평균 신장과 체중은 각각 160.9cm. 54.5kg이었으며 BMI는 21.0 체지방률은 24.9%로 모두 정상수준 범위에 해당하였다. 일일 평균 열량 섭취량은 1731.9kcal로 권장량의 86.6%에 해당하는 다소 낮은 수준이었다. 비타민 B$_{12}$의 일일 평균 섭취량은 2.2mg이었으며 비타민 B$_{6}$와 엽산의 일일 평균 섭취량은 각각 0.9mg, 139.8$\mu\textrm{g}$으로 권장량의 58.7%와 55.9%로 나타나 낮은 섭취수준을 보였다. 이들 비타민의 주요 급원 식품으로 비타민 B$_{6}$는 곡류 및 전분류(61.4%), 비타민 B$_{12}$는 육류 및 달걀류(49.0%) 그리고 엽산은 야채 및 과일류 (55.2%)로 조사되었다. 조사대상자의 혈장 호모시스테인의 평균농도는 12.4$\mu$mol/l로 정상범위를 나타내는 5~15$\mu$mol/l에 해당하였으며 전체 조사대상자중 5명은 15$\mu$mol/l이상의 혈장 호모시스테인 농도(15.1~17.8$\mu$mol/l)를 나타내었다. 혈장 비타민 B$_{6}$(PLP)의 평균 농도는 77.5nmol/l로 정상수준인 30nmol/l이상이었으며. 비타민 B$_{12}$의 평균농도 역시 267.4pmol/l로 정상범위인 147.6~664pmol/l에 속하였다. 적혈구와 혈청의 평균 엽산 농도는 각각 736.5nmol/l, 17.1nmol/l였으며 조사대상자 모두 적혈구 엽산의 한계결핍 수준인 315~359nmol/l 이상과 혈청 엽산 농도의 적정 수준인 13.5nmo/l/이상의 양호한 영양상태를 나타내었다. 또한 적혈구와 혈청의 엽산 농도 사이에 유의한 양의 상관성이 있었다 비타민 B$_{6}$, B$_{12}$ 및 엽산의 섭취가 증가할수록 혈장 호모시스테인 함량이 감소하는 경향이 있었으며 이들 비타민의 혈중 농도와 혈장 호모시스테인 농도 사이에도 음의 경향을 나타내었으나 유의한 상관성은 없었다. 엽산 섭취량의 증가에 따라 적혈구와 혈청의 엽산 농도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 비타민 B$_{6}$의 섭취량과 혈중 총 비타민 B$_{6}$의 90%이상을 차지하는 혈장 PLP농도 사이에는 유의한 양의 상고나성이 있었다. 혈중 호모시스테인 농도는 질병의 위험요인으로서 뿐 아니라 대사적으로 밀접하게 연관된 비타민 영양상태의 biomarker로서도 그 영향력이 크다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 성별에 다른 다양한 연령집단에서 건강한 일반인과 심혈관계 질환자 등을 대상으로 호모시스테인과 비타민 영양상태에 대한 연구가 체계적으로 이루어 져야 할 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2000

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status of nursing home residents and to assess the effect of nutrition intervention. The subjects were 123 people aged over 60 years from 5 different nursing homes. The nutrition intervention study was carried out by supplementing their diet with multivitamin-minerals for 2 months. The mean intakes of most nutrients did not meet the RDA, Though the nutrient content of the menus provided by the facilities were satisfactory. Nutrients of which intakes fell below 75% of the RDA were protein, Ca, Fe, vitamin A vitamin B$_1$, and vitamin B$_2$. The BMIs of male and female subjects were 22.0kg/$m^2$ and 24.6kg/$m^2$ and the WHRs were 0.92 and 0.90, respectively. The percentage of subjects with hypertention (BP$\geq$140/90mmHg) and with anemia(Hb$\leq$13mg/100$m\ell$ in men, Hb$\leq$12mg/100$m\ell$ in women) were 34.6% and 41.9%, respectively. The serum cncentrations of albumin, total protein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and total lipid fell within normal ranges. However, 27.5% of the subjects showed a high serum cholesterol level of over 250mg/100$m\ell$. The concentration of C3 was 81.2mg/100$m\ell$, IgG, 1343mg/100$m\ell$, and IL-2, 0.766mg/$m\ell$. after 2 months of vitamin-mineral supplementation, the levels of blood glucose and total cholesterol were significantly decreased and triglyceride was significantly increased. The vitamin-mineral supplementation had no effect on the mean levels of vitamin A and E, IgG, IL2, and C3. However, the intervention resulted int he improvement of serum vitamin A and E levels when the subject\`s serum levels were low before the supplementation.