• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.240-247
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• 2023

This experiment investigated the effects of feed additives of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (SQN) extract on Landrace pigs on economic traits such as the quality, physiological characteristics, and productivity. Sixteen pigs with an average age of 154 days were selected as experimental subjects. The experiment was conducted by dividing the group into eight pigs for the supplementation group, feeding with SQN extract, and another eight for the control group feeding without SQN extract. Water was fed ad libitum. On the 30th day, there was no significant difference between meat quality and productivity. However, the glucose and thyroxine were statistically lower with the supplementation group than with the control group (p<0.05). Also, the levels of creatinine difference between 1.18 ± 0.12 mg/㎗ with the supplementation group and 0.70 ± 0.06 mg/㎗ with the control group (p<0.05). However, all serum biochemistry values were within a normal range, with no health problems. The present study will help solve the problem of reducing the diversity of plant species in Halla Mountain by increasing the availability of the SQN as a pig feed additive.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.242-250
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• 2007

Background: Abnormal angiogenesis can induce hypoxia within a highly proliferating tumor mass, and these hypoxic conditions can in turn create clinical problems, such as resistance to chemotherapy. However, the mechanism by which hypoxia induces these changes has not yet been determined. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine how hypoxia induces changes in cell viability and extracellular microenvironments in an in vitro culture system using non-small cell lung cancer cells. Methods: The non-small cell lung cancer cell line, A549 was cultured in DMEM or RPMI-1640 media that contained fetal bovine serum. A decrease in the oxygen tension of the media that contained the culture was then induced in a hypoxia microchamber using a $CO_2-N_2$ gas mixture. A gas analysis and an MTT assay were then conducted. Results: (1) The decrease in oxygen tension was checked the anaerobic gas mixture for 30 min and then reoxygenation was induced by adding a 5% $CO_2-room$ air gas mixture to the chamber. (2) Purging with the anaerobic gas mixture was found to decrease the further oxygen tension of cell culture media. (3) The low oxygen tension resulted in a low pH, lactic acidosis and a decreased glucose concentration in the media. (4) The decrease in glucose concentration that was observed as a result of hypoxia was markedly different when different types of media were evaluated. (5) The decrease in oxygen tension inhibited proliferation of A549 cells. Conclusion: These data suggests that tumor hypoxia is associated with acidosis and hypoglycemia, which have been implicated in the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.903-909
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop Helianthus tuberosus (HT) juice mixed with dried bitter melon juice and assess its hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. HT juice mixed with 5.0% dried bitter melon juice was used in this study. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (eight rats per group) and drunk each sample for 4 weeks: normal water [normal control (NC) group], STZ+normal water (STZ group), STZ+HT juice (HT group), STZ+HT juice mixed with 2.5% bitter melon juice (HT2.5 group), and STZ+HT juice mixed with 5.0% bitter melon juice (HT5.0 group). HT juice was diluted to 25% in distilled water and supplied to rats. Food intake, body weight gain, and food efficiency ratio were lower in the STZ group than in the NC group. HT, HT2.5, and HT5.0 groups showed higher parameters than the STZ groups. Water intakes were higher in the STZ group than in the NC group. After 3 weeks, HT, HT2.5, and HT5.0 groups showed lower parameters than the STZ group. After 1 week, blood glucose level of the STZ group ($476.7{\pm}22.8mg/dL$) was significantly higher than those of the HT group ($376.3{\pm}25.8mg/dL$), HT2.5 group ($405.2{\pm}35.1mg/dL$), and HT5.0 group ($342.8{\pm}29.7mg/dL$). After 4 weeks, blood glucose level of the STZ group were significantly higher than those of the HT, HT2.5, and HT5.0 group. Serum insulin levels of the HT group ($3.13{\pm}0.32ng/mL$), HT2.5 group ($3.40{\pm}0.23ng/mL$), and HT5.0 group ($3.48{\pm}0.43ng/mL$) were higher than that of the STZ group ($2.72{\pm}0.53ng/mL$). These results indicate that H. tuberosus juice mixed with dried bitter melon juice helps prevent or attenuate progression of diabetes in rats with STZ-induced diabetes.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.742-746
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• 2008

Purpose : The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and adverse side-effects of growth hormone (GH) therapy in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Methods : Forty-one patients who had been treated with GH for more than two years (24 boys and 17 girls, mean age $7.3{\pm}3.3$ years during treatment initiation) were enrolled for this study. Results : After 2 years of GH therapy, the height and weight standard deviation scores (SDS) increased significantly ($-1.19{\pm}1.37$ vs. $-0.02{\pm}1.45$, and $1.02{\pm}2.42$ vs. $1.63{\pm}2.22$, P<0.002); however the percentage body fat decreased ($44.6{\pm}9.9%$ vs. $38.1{\pm}10.5%$, P<0.001). Further, no change was observed in the thyroid and serum glucose levels, but the total cholesterol level decreased. GH therapy did not impact glucose control in the patients with diabetes. The most common adverse effects of GH therapy were the progression of scoliosis and adenoid hypertrophy. Conclusion : GH therapy improved the height SDS and body composition in patients with PWS. However, GH should be used with caution in patients with scoliosis and adenoid hypertrophy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.650-654
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• 2008

Glycogen storage disease (GSD) and mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are both independently inherited disorders. GSD is a member of a group of genetic disorders involving enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. GSD leads to abnormal tissue concentrations of glycogen, primarily in the liver, muscle, or both. MPS is a member of a group of inherited lysosomal storage diseases, which result from a deficiency in specific enzymatic activities and the accumulation of partially degraded acid mucopolysaccharides. A case of a 16-month-old boy who presented with hepatomegaly is reported. The liver was four finger-breadth-palpable. A laboratory study showed slightly increased serum AST and ALT levels. The liver biopsy showed microscopic features compatible with GSD. The liver glycogen content was 9.3% which was increased in comparison with the reference limit, but the glucose-6-phosphatase activity was within the normal limit. These findings suggested GSD other than type I. Bony abnormalities on skeletal radiographs, including an anterior beak and hook-shaped vertebrae, were seen. The mucopolysaccharide concentration in the urine was increased and the plasma iduronate sulfatase activity was low, which fulfilled the diagnosis criteria for Hunter syndrome (MPS type II). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of GSD and Hunter syndrome being identified at the same time.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding patterns of concentrates on growth performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo cows. Randomly-allocated groups, restricted concentrate feeding (T1), restricted concentrate feeding for 6 months and ad libitum 2 months (T2), restricted concentrate feeding for 4 months and ad libitum 4 months (T3), were contained with 9 animals. According to feeding patterns of concentrate, growth performance was not significantly different among the treatment groups. However, ADG tended to be higher in T2 group (0.75 kg/d) compared to the other groups (T1: 0.62 kg/d, T3: 0.72 kg/d). DMI was not significantly different among the treatment groups, interestingly, rice straw intake was significantly higher in T1 group compared with others (p<0.05). There were significant difference among feed conversion ratio, which are 17.8, 12.8, and 14.1 kg for T1, T2, and T3 (p<0.05), respectively. The serum level of albumin, triglyceride, glucose and GPT were greater in T3 group compared to other groups at fattening 6 to 8 months (p<0.05). The results of yield traits, carcass weight, back fat thickness and rib eye area were not differ among treatment groups, but yield index was significantly greater in T2 group compared to T1 group (p<0.05). The 'A' appearance rate (%) of meat yield grade was highest in T2 group for 78%. The marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture and maturity in quality traits were not differ among the treatment groups. However, marbling score and appearance rate (%) of over 1st meat quality grade were tend to be increased at T3 rather (4.0, 56%) group compared with other groups (T1: 3.4, 56%; T2: 3.6, 33%). Thus, the present study suggested that restricted concentrate feeding (1.6% of BW) for 4 months during early fattening periods and ad libitum feeding for 4 months during late fattening periods are recommendable.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.857-864
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• 2005

Purpose : The objectives of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the indices of insulin sensitivity using fasting glucose and insulin level, and the body fat mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA), and to determine the clinical usefulness of insulin sensitivity indices when obese children were followed up. Methods : In this study, 28 simple obese children and adolescents were included. Anthropometric data including body weight, height, obesity degree(OD), body mass index(BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio were collected and then body fat mass was measured by using BIA and DEXA. For metabolic data, 12 hour fasting serum glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were measured and indices for insulin sensitivity(G/I ratio, $log_{insulin}$, HOMA-IR, $log_{HOMA-IR}$, QUICKI) were calculated. Results : BMI had a higher correlation with insulin sensitivity indices than OD(G/I ratio, -0.463 vs -0.209; $log_{insulin}$, 0.417 vs 0.196; HOMA-IR, 0.301 vs 0.238; $log_{HOMA-IR}$, 0.403 vs 0.198; QUICKI, -0.451 vs -0.224). But OD had a higher correlation with body fat mass measured by BIA and DEXA than BMI(BIA, 0.612 vs 0.316; DEXA, 0.667 vs 0.512). The G/I ratio was correlated with body fat mass in BIA(r=-0.420, P<0.05) and DEXA(r=-0.512, P<0.01), percentage of body fat(percentage of fat) in BIA(r=-0.366, P<0.05) and DEXA(r=-0.449, P<0.01). HOMA-IR was only correlated with body fat mass in DEXA(r=0.341, P<0.05). Conclusion : This study revealed that G/I ratios had a statistically significant correlation with anthropometric obesity indices(OD and BMI) and also had a correlation with both body fat mass and percentage of fat. These results suggest that G/I ratios could be used as useful index when obese children and adolescence are followed up.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.764-772
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• 2002

Purpose : Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia in adults. We identified the effect of obesity measured by BMI and insulin resistance on dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. Methods : The fasting serum insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol were measured and insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) was calculated in 35 children with simple obesity(age :$10.6{\pm}2.8$ years; male 20, female 15; BMI : $27.1{\pm}5.4kg/m^2$). Results : The hypertriglyceridemia(37%), hyperinsulinemia(54%) and HDL-hypocholesterolemia(5.7%) were observed. HOMA-IR was well expressed by fasting insulin. As BMI increased, there was a statistically significant increase in insulin resistance and insulin level in both sexes. BMI was not related with lipid profile in both sexes. Triglyceride was correlated with only insulin level and insulin resistance index in boys. In girls, there was no correlation between triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and insulin(insulin resistance). Conclusion : These results suggest that hypertriglyceridemia was dependent on insulin resistance in pre-adult males. Monitoring of insulin resistance and those risk factors known to become a part of insulin resistance syndrome should become part of routine medical care for obese children.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 2008

Purpose: To assess the relationship between lifestyle and metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and laboratory results of 109 subjects (7~15 years of age) who visited our pediatric obesity clinic between January 2004 and December 2007. They completed the parent- and self-report questionnaire developed by the Committee on Nutrition of the Korean Pediatric Society to assess lifestyle. The metabolic syndrome was defined as having 3 or more of the following metabolic risk factors: obesity, hypertension, serum triglycerides ${\geq}$110 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol ${\leq}$40 mg/dL, fasting glucose ${\geq}$110 mg/dL, and insulin ${\geq}20{\mu}IU/mL$. Results: All subjects had at least 1 risk factor (obesity). Sixty-three percent of subjects had 2 or more risk factors, 32% of subjects had 3 or more risk factors, and 10% had 4 or more metabolic risk factors. Hypertriglyceridemia (36%), hypertension (32%), hyperinsulinemia (24%), and HDL-hypocholesterolemia (20%) were observed. Fasting blood glucose levels were normal in all subjects. Hypertension was significantly associated with an unbalanced diet and hyperinsulinemia was significantly associated with parental obesity (p<0.05). Those who ate after 8 PM were at a risk of hypertension (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0~6.1). Those who did not have a preference for exercise were at a risk of hyperinsulinemia (odds ratio, 10.4; 95% CI, 2~54.1). Those who watched TV for ${\geq}$3 hours/day were at a risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.2∼18.8). Conclusion: Lifestyle, such as eating late, no preference for exercise, and TV watching ${\geq}$3 hours/day, were related to metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.885-891
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• 2013

The abilities of instant gruel manufactured with colored barley and oats to improve diabetic conditions were investigated using diabetes-induced mice and rats. Mice or rats were divided into a diabetic control group and one experimental group (seven animals per group). The control groups were fed without instant gruel and experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 10% instant gruel for 8 weeks. The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats experimental group showed a significant decrease in food intake compared to the control group. Both Type II diabetic mice and STZ-induced diabetic rats experimental groups showed higher increases in body weight than the control groups. The blood glucose levels of the experimental groups ($352{\pm}12.2$ mg/dL in Type II diabetic mice; $296.4{\pm}13.2$ mg/dL in STZ-induced diabetic rats) were lower than the untreated control groups ($426.0{\pm}15.4$ mg/dL in Type II diabetic mice; $514.0{\pm}17.6$ mg/dL in STZ-induced diabetic rats). The serum insulin levels of Type II diabetic mice increased by 38.3% in the experimental group ($12.8{\pm}1.1$ ng/mL) compared to the control group ($7.9{\pm}0.5$ ng/mL). The immunohistochemical density of insulin-secreting cells and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-secreting cells in the pancreas were significantly higher in the experimental groups than the control groups for Type II diabetic mice and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Therefore, we conclude that instant gruel manufactured with colored barley and oats stimulates the secretion of insulin and decreases blood sugar by activating insulin-secreting cells in the pancreatic islets of diabetic animals.