• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권8호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2019

Purpose: Coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) are the most important complications of Kawasaki disease (KD). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent micronutrient deficiency and its association with KD remains unknown. We hypothesized that presence of IDA could be a predictor of CAA. Methods: This retrospective study included 173 KD patients, divided into 2 groups according to absence (group 1) and presence (group 2) of CAA. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a logistic regression model to estimate the association between CAA and other indicators. Due to collinearity between indicators of IDA, each indicator was paired with anemia in 3 models. Results: Serum iron, iron saturation, and ferritin concentration, the 3 indicators of IDA, were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. Three sets of models including anemia with iron indicators produced the OR of CAA of 3.513, 3.171, and 2.256, respectively. The 3 indicators of IDA were negatively associated with CAA, by OR of 0.965, 0.914, and 0.944, respectively. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of ferritin concentration, iron saturation, serum iron, anemia, and Kobayashi score were 0.907 (95% CI, 0.851-0.963), 0.729 (95% CI, 0.648-0.810), 0.711 (95% CI, 0.629-0.793), 0.638 (95% CI, 0.545-0.731), and 0.563 (95% CI, 0.489-0.636), respectively. Conclusion: Indicators of IDA, especially ferritin, were highly associated with CAA; therefore, they were stronger predictors of CAA than Kobayashi scores. IDA indicators can be used to predict CAA development and to suggest requirements for early interventions.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutritional status of iron and bone minernl density in premenopausal women. In the study, we classified the subjects into osteopenia (-2.5-I, n=29) groups according to their lumbar spine bone mineral density. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake analysis and blood biochemistry measurements were performed on the subjects. The average ages of those in the osteopenia and normal groups were 22.2 yrs and 23.0 yrs, respectively, with no significant difference. The average body mass index (p<0.05) of those in the osteopenia group (19.6) was significantly lower than that of the normal group (21.3). The mean protein intake of those in the osteopenia group was significantly lower than that (p<0.05) the subjects in the normal group. The osteopenia group consumed a significantly lower amount of iron (p<0.05) and non-heme iron (p<0.05) compared to the normal group. The intakes of total food, vegetables and milk of those in the osteopenia group were significantly lower than those of the subjects in the normal group. The serum ferritin (p<0.001) level of those in the osteopenia group was significantly lower than those of the subjects in the normal group. In conclusion, a balance of iron status may be helpful in the prevention of bone mass loss in premenopausal young women.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 1999

과요오드산 산화 가용성전분 및 말토올리고당을 고구마 ${\beta}-amylase$, 밀 ${\beta}-amylase$, aldolase, bovine serum albumin, catalase, carboxypeptidase, ferritin, pronase와 반응시켜서 전기영동하였다. 이들 단백질은 전기영동상의 이동도가 달라지고, 단백질 밴드와 같은 위치에서 PAS 염색 밴드를 나타내어 당이 부가된 것으로 확인되었다. 당의 부가는 과요오드산 산화당의 알데히드기가 단백질 분자 표면 리신의 ${\varepsilon}-NH_2$기와 Schiff 염기를 형성하여 일어난다. 변형효소는 자외흡광곡선에 변화를 나타내지 않았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.703-714
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• 1993

The iron content of 178 food items were analyzed by ICP to provide database to calculate dietary intake of iron in Korea. The analysis data showed significant deviations of iron contents in some food items compared with Food Composition Table of KRNI which is most widely used at present. Three day dietary intake records were collected from 96 female college students to estimate mean daily iron intake and bioavailability of dietary iron. Mean daily intake of total iron in the study subjects was 13.2mg and heme iron intake was 0.94mg, 6.7% of total iron intake. BGioavailability of dietary iron was calculated by two methods. Total absorbable iron was calculated by the method of Monsen, body iron storage of the subjects being estimated with serum ferritin concentrations, was 1.21mg and bioavailability of dietary iron was thus 9.3%. Bioavailability calculated with the method by Hallberg was 11.22%. Two values of dietary iron bioavailability of the present study are lower than the reported values in adult women consuming typical western diets but within the range estimated for vegetarians. Considering high prevalence of iron deficiency based on serum ferritin concentrations and low bioavailability of diet in young adult Korean women, more efforts should be made to increase the content and bioavailability of iron in diet of Korea adult women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.729-735
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of iron supplement for 4 weeks on iron status, immunity, and antioxidant status of national female soccer players (n = 25). This study was performed at summer hard training period right before competition. A single blind design was used to divide the subjects into iron-supplement (IS) or placebo group (P). Iron-supplement group was supplemented with iron (40 mg/d) for 4 weeks. The mean age of the subjects was 23.3 $\pm$ 2.5 years old. Mean height and body weight of the subjects were 164.4 $\pm$ 5.7 em and 57.4 $\pm$ 4.6 kg, respectively. The mean carrier as soccer player was 11.0 $\pm$ 2.6 years and mean training time was 7.0 $\pm$ 1.3 hr/day. The mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, total iron binding capacity and ferritin concentrations before iron supplementation were not different between two groups. After 4 weeks of summer training and iron supplementation, serum ferritin level was significantly increased only in IS group after supplementation. Mean corpuscular volume and total iron binding capacity were significantly decreased in both groups. Meanwhile, hemoglobin and red blood cell count were significantly lowered only in placebo group. The IgM concentration increased significantly in both groups, but IgG concentration had increasing tendency only in IS group (p < 0.064). Therefore, iron supplementation during hard training period may be helpful to improve work capacity of the athletes by improving ferritin status and humoral immune responses.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.971-980
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• 1996

The soluble transferrin receptor(TfR) in human serum has been shown recently to be a truncated form of intact membrane bound receptor containing most of the extracellular domain. We purfied the transferin-free TfR from human serum by immounoaffinity chromatography which produced the single protein identity in high resolution gel chormatography. The monoclonal antibodies(MAb) against purifed serum TfR were produced by fusion of spleen cells o fimmunized Balb/c mice and SP2 cells. Ten hybrids producing MAb specific for serum TfR were identifed and determine their iostypes. A immunoraddiometric assay (IRMA) for serum TfR was established using two monoclonal IgG1 antibodies as the coating and indicator antibodies on the bosis of their suitability in sandwich IRMA of serum TfR. The mean serum TfR levels in the 15 normal male, 15 normal female, and 19 iron-deficient subjects were 5.4$\pm$0.98, 4.6$\pm$0/76, and 18.0$\pm$12.8mg/1, respectively, and the difference in mean values between normal and iron deficient subjects was significant(p=0.0005). There existed the inverse logarithmic relationship(r=-0.9336, p<0.0001) between the serum TfR and ferritin levels.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.362-369
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• 2002

목 적 : 빈혈은 아직도 전세계적으로 가장 흔히 볼 수 있는 영양결핍으로 특히 청소년기 여아에 많이 발생하는데, 그 원인은 철분의 불충분한 섭취, 빠른 성장에 따른 철분 필요량 증가 및 월경으로 인한 혈액 손실을 들 수 있다. 본 연구는 건강하게 보이는 중학생 및 고교의 여학생에 있어서 지난 10년간에 걸친 빈혈 및 철분에 관한 영양상태의 발표를 종합하였다. 방 법: 1990년 대구지역에서 도시와 농촌의 여학생에 대해, 1997년 부천지역 여학생에 대해, 1999년 울산지역에서 도시와 농촌지역 여학생에 대해, 2000년 인천에서 도시와 농촌의 여학생에 대해 혈액학적 조사와 신체 계측 그리고 설문지를 통한 조사가 이루어졌다. 빈혈은 혈색소 11.5 g/dL 미만으로 정의하였다. 철 결핍은 혈청 ferritin이 10 ng/mL 미만인 경우로 정의하였고, IDA는 혈색소가 최저 기준치 이하이면서 MCV 78 fL 미만, ferritin 10 ng/mL 미만, 또는 transferrin 포화도 10% 미만인 경우로 정의하였다. 결 과 : 1) 도시와 농촌간의 혈색소 평균치에는 유의할 만한 차이가 없었고, 연령이 증가함에 따라 평균 혈색소의 감소를 볼 수 있었다. 2) 전체적인 빈혈의 유병율은 1990년 13.4%, 1997년 6.9%, 1999년 6.0%, 2000년 5.7%로 감소하는 소견을 보이고 있고, 각각의 조사에서는 연령이 증가함에 따라 유병율도 증가하였다. 특히 여고생에서의 빈혈의 유병율은 1997년 10.1%, 2000년 12.6%로 높게 나타났다. 3) 철 결핍 유병율은 1990년 36.1%에 비해 1997년과 1999년은 13.9%, 13.3%로 감소하는 소견을 보이나 2000년 연구에서는 23.2%로 증가되었다. 4) 연도별 IDA의 유병율은 1990년에는 10.0%, 1997년 4.6%, 1999년 8.3%, 2000년 6.1%로 일정 하지는 않으나 감소하는 소견을 보이고 있고, 연령이 증가하면서 유병율이 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 결 론 : 중, 고교 여학생에 있어서 10년 전에 비하여 철분 영양은 개선되었지만, 농촌과 도시에 관계없이 빈혈 및 철 결핍이 빈발하였고, 청소년기 연령이 올라갈수록 더욱 현저하였다. 더욱이 최근의 다이어트 풍조와 영양섭취의 불균형을 고려할 때, 다른 영양소의 부족 역시 우려할만한 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 중학교 3학년 이상의 여학생과 빈혈의 위험군에 대해서는 선별검사가 요구되며, 아울러 지속적이며 효과적인 영양 교육과 철분지표와 영양지식에 대한 평가가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.533-543
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine the iron status of preschool children in Ulsan, Korea. The study was con-ducted using 95 children aged 3 to 6 years by investigating the anthropometric indices and assessing the dietary intakes and biochemical analysis. A questionnaire for dietary intakes using 24-hr recall method were carried out by the mothers of the 95 subjects. And also a study was conducted to assess hematological and biochemical status of iron and prevalence of iron deficiency. The average height and weight were 105.4 $\pm$ 7.0 cm, 18.7 $\pm$ 3.2 kg in boys, 103.8 $\pm$ 6.7 cm, 17.6 $\pm$ 2.7 kg in girls. These were lower than the body growth standard values of Korean pediatrics. There was not a significant difference in both between boys and girls. For the daily nutrient intake, energy was 1201.5 $\pm$ 280.9 kcal (79.3$\%$RDA), protein was 63.8 $\pm$ 28.2 g (219.4$\%$RDA), iron was 11.9 $\pm$ 4.5 mg (133.2$\%$RDA). The iron nutritional status by hematological assay found that Hct was 34.7 $\pm$ 2.0 ($\%$), Hb was 12.0 $\pm$ 0.8 g/dl, RBC was 4.3 $\pm$ 0.3 ($10^6/{\mu}l$), MCV was 80.5 $\pm$ 3.0 fL, MCH was 27.8 $\pm$ 1.1 pg and MCHC was 34.6 $\pm$ 0.6 g/dl. The biochemical measurement of serum iron was 75.6 $\pm$ 30.3 ${\mu}g$/dl, TIBC was 320.3 $\pm$ 34.1 ${\mu}g$/dl, serum ferritin was 30.0 $\pm$ 14.8 ${\mu}g$/dl, Zinc-Protophor-phyrin (ZPP) was 32.7 $\pm$ 8.0 ${\mu}g$/dl, and ZPP/Heme was 71.1 $\pm$ 19.5 ($\mu$mole/mol heme). The prevalence with Hct, Hb, TS and serum ferritin less than cut-off value was $8.4\%,\;9.5\%,\;12.6\%$ and $4.4\%$ respectively. But the prevalence of iron deficiency estimated with ZPP and ZPP/Heme criteria were $25.3\%$ and $27.4\%$, and were higher than in case of any other indices. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia ((low Hb (< 11.0 g/dl) and low serum ferritin (< 10 ${\mu}g$/L) or low TS (3-4 yews: < $12\%$, 5-6 years: < $14\%$)) was found in only one 3 year old girl. The prevalence of iron deficiency except Hct and Hb was the highest in 3 year group, but the prevalence by Hct and Hb was the highest in 5 year group. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia do not seem to be a major public health problem in preschool children in Ulsan.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2018

Purpose: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome with many causes, including Kawasaki disease (KD). The purpose of this study was to identify the laboratory tests needed to easily differentiate KD with HLH from incomplete KD alone. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on patients diagnosed with incomplete KD and incomplete KD with HLH (HLH-KD) between January 2012 and March 2015. We compared 8 secondary HLH patients who were first diagnosed with incomplete KD with all 247 incomplete KD diagnosed patients during the study period. The complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelet count, and serum total protein, albumin, triglyceride, C-reactive protein, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and ferritin levels were compared. Clinical characteristics and echocardiography findings were also compared between the 2 groups. Results: The total duration of fever was longer in the HLH-KD group than in the KD group. White blood cell and platelet counts were higher in the KD group. Alanine aminotransferase, ferritin, and coronary artery diameter were increased in the HLH-KD group compared with those in the KD group. The median of NT-proBNP was significantly higher in the HLH-KD group than in the KD group at 889.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 384.5-1792.0) pg/mL vs. 233.0 (IQR, 107.0-544.0) pg/mL. Conclusion: The NT-proBNP level may be helpful in distinguishing incomplete KD from KD with HLH. The NT-proBNP level should be determined in KD patients with prolonged fever, in addition to the white blood cell count, platelet count, and ferritin level, to evaluate secondary HLH.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2019

목적: 분당서울대병원 검체 검사실에서는 노후화된 전자동방사면역측정기의 교체로 인하여 새로운 자동화 장비가 도입이 되어, 검사원리가 IRMA법인 Insulin 검사로 장비 간 비교실험을 하게 되었다. 실험결과 장비간에 동일한 알고리즘인 선형 보간법을 적용하였음에도 불구하고 특히 저농도값에서 현저한 값 차이를 보였다. 이에 실험실내 보유중인 SR300, Gamma 10, Gamma Pro, Cobra 감마카운터 각각의 장비에 2가지의 알고리즘을 다르게 적용시켰을 때 값 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 검사원리가 IRMA법인 검사법 중 주로 자동화 장비에 검사가 시행 되고 있는 TSH, Ferritin, C-peptide, Insulin 4종목을 각각 10검체씩 저, 중, 고농도 값으로 선별하여 총 30개씩 동일한 검사항목에 대해서 SR300, Gamma 10, Gamma Pro, Cobra 카운터 장비에 선형 보간법과 스플라인 보간법으로 적용했을 때의 결과 값 차이를 비교하여 보았다. 결과: TSH, Ferritin, C-Peptide, Insulin 항목의 결과값에 선형 보간법과 스플라인 보간법을 다르게 적용시켜 장비간 상관성 검사를 시행한 결과 결정계수 $R^2$ 값은 0.9이상으로 모든 장비에서 상관성은 우수한 결과를 나타내었지만 통계적으로 유의성 검증결과 장비간 비교에서는 TSH를 제외하고 Ferritin, C-Peptide, Insulin 항목은 P값의 유의성이 0.001 미만으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 선형 보간법과 스플라인 보간법 간의 결과값 비교에서는 TSH, ferritin, insulin을 제외하고 C-peptide 항목만 P값의 유의성이 0.03으로 보간법 간에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. Insulin 낮은 값 영역에서 장비간 비교한 결과 P값의 유의성이 0.001 미만으로 Gamma Pro, Gamma 10, Cobra, SR300 카운터 장비간에 유의한 차이가 있었고 선형 보간법과 스플라인 보간법 간의 결과값 비교에서도 P값의 유의성이 0.001 미만으로 보간법간에 서로 유의한 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 연구결과 검사원리가 IRMA법이면서 linear 보간법인 검사결과를 살펴보면 장비마다 Curve Fitting 방식 차이에 따라 Standard 0값을 설정해주는 기대치와 실측치의 값에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 원인으로 인해서 저농도 결과값에 영향을 미치고 장비 간에 차이가 유발됨을 알 수 있었다.