• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Allium hookeri (AH) root on growth performance, serum antioxidant enzyme activity, cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles, and tight junction-related gene expression of broiler chickens. On day 10, 96 birds were allocated to one of two dietary treatments with 6 replicate cages, and 8 birds per cage in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based control diet and a diet supplemented with 0.3% AH root powder at the expense of the corn in the control diet. The experimental diets were formulated to meet or exceed the nutrients requirements of broilers recommended by Aviagen for each phase (from day 10 to 21 and from day 21 to 28). On day 28, a bird representing the median body weight in each cage was selected, and then blood, cecal digesta, and jejunum tissue samples were collected. No significant differences were observed in body weight gain and feed intake among dietary treatments. However, birds fed the diet containing AH showed a greater gain-to-feed ratio compared to the control group at 21 days of age and throughout the entire experimental period (P<0.05). Serum antioxidant enzyme activity, cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles, and tight junction-related gene expression were not affected by the dietary AH supplementation. Based on the results of the present study, dietary AH supplementation may improve the gain-to-feed ratio, but not gut health markers in broiler chickens from day 10 to 28.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.9
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• pp.111-125
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• 2000

Galwhahaejungtang has been used to alcoholic disease. Object of This study is examining the effect of Galwhahaejungtang and exercise on variation of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, BUN, Creatinine in rat with alcohol administration. METHODS AND MATERIALS Fifty four rats were divided into four groups. 1. The group of rat with alcohol administration and no treatment 2. The group of rat with alcohol and Galwhahaejungtang administration 3. The group of rat with alcohol administation and exercise 4. The group of rat with alcohol, Galwhahaejungtang administration and exercise Serum of rat were obtained after 2 weeks and 4 weeks. RESULTS 1. The level of total cholesterol was decreased in the group of rat with Galwhahaejungtang administration and exercise after 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, the level of total cholesterol was significantly decreased in the group of rat with Galwhahaejungtang administration and exercise. 2. The level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased in the group of rat with exercise after 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, the level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased in the group of rat with no treatment and with Galwhahaejungtang administration. 3. The level of try glyceride was significantly decreased in the group of rat with exercise after 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, the level of tryglyceride was significantly decreased in the group of rat with Galwhahaejungtang administration. 4. The level of free fatty acid was significantly decreased in the group of rat with Galwhahaejungtang administration after 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, the level of free fatty acid was significantly decreased in the group of rat with Galwhahaejungtang administration and with Galwhahaejungtang administration and exercise. 5. The level of BUN was significantly decreased in the group of rat with Galwhahaejungtang administration and exercise after 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, the level of BUN was significantly decreased in the group of rat with exercise. 6. The level of creatinine was significantly decreased in the group of rat with Galwhahaejungtang administration and exercise. After 4 weeks, the level of creatinine was significantly decreased in the group of rat with exercise and with Galwhahaejungtang administration and exercise. CONCLUSION Based on these results, it is considered that Galwhahaejungtang administration and exercise has an accelerating effect on alcohol metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2022

Purpose: Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid abundant in many fruits and vegetables. It has potential health-beneficial properties, such as antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the lipid metabolism improvement effect of quercetin affected the regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and microRNA (miR)-21 expression in the liver of mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with normal diet, quercetin-free diet and diets containing 0.05% or 0.1% quercetin for six weeks. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by adding 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid to all diets. Serum and liver triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations were analyzed using a commercial enzymatic colorimetric kit. AMPK activity was quantified using an AMPK kinase assay kit. The levels of miR-21 and genes involved in lipid metabolism were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Supplementation of quercetin reduced serum and hepatic TG and TC levels without changing body weight and food intake. Dietary quercetin significantly inhibited the mRNA levels of hepatic sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and fatty acid synthesis, which are involved in hepatic lipogenesis. Dietary quercetin enhanced AMPK activity and suppressed miR-21 expression, promoting hepatic lipid accumulation. Conclusion: These results suggest that the lipid-lowering effect of quercetin on the serum and liver of mice may be partially mediated by the regulation of lipogenic gene expression, AMPK activity and miR-21 expression in the liver of mice fed a high-cholesterol diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.685-691
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary copper (Cu) on performance, carcass characteristics and lipid metabolism in lambs. Fifty DorperMongolia wether lambs (approximately 3 month of age; 23.80.6 kg of body weight) were housed in individual pens and were assigned randomly to one of five treatments. Treatments consisted of 1) control (no supplemental Cu), 2) 10 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu-lysine, 3) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu-lysine, 4) 10 mg Cu/kg DM from tribasic copper chloride (Cu2(OH)3Cl; TBCC), 5) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from tribasic copper chloride. The Cu concentration was 6.74 mg/kg DM in the basal diet. Body weight was measured on two consecutive days at the start and the end of the 60-day experimental period. Blood samples were collected and then the lambs were slaughtered on d 60. Performance was not affected (p>0.05) by dietary Cu treatment. Cu-supplemented and control lambs had similar hot carcass weight, dressing percentage and longissimus muscle area, but Cu supplementation, regardless of source and level, reduced (p<0.01) 12th rib backfat and kidney fat in lambs. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) and serum triglyceride concentrations were increased (p<0.05), total cholesterol concentrations were decreased (p<0.05) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations tended to be increased (p<0.07) by Cu supplementation. However, Serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatment. Fatty acid profile of longissimus muscle was similar across treatments. These results indicate that Cu-lysine and TBCC are of similar availability in lambs. Cu supplementation given to DorperMongolia wether lambs altered lipid metabolism. The reduction in backfat depth may be due to copper altering TNF- metabolism in lambs. Supplementation of 10 or 20 mg Cu/kg DM showed similar effects on lipid metabolism in lambs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the Effect of soybean oil, dried palm oil powder and monoglyceride supplementation on growth performance and serum lipid changes in weaned pigs. One hundred twenty five cross-bred pigs((Y×L)×D, 6.00±0.79kg average initial BW) were used in a 21 d growth trial. Dietary treatments included SOY(containing 5% soybean oil), PALM(containing 5.5% dried palm oil powder) and SOPM0, 12.5 and 25(containing 2.5% soybean oil and 2.7% dried palm oil powder containing 0%, 12.5% and 25.0% monoglyceride, respectively). For the whole period, ADFI was increased in dried palm oil powder containing monoglyceride and PALM treatments compared with SOY and SOPM0 treatment(P<0.05). ADG and G/F were not affected by treatments. Digestibility of fat was higher(P<0.05) for pigs fed SOY diet than fed other diets. SOPM diets containing monoglyceride showed increased fat digestibility compared with PALM diet(P<0.05). SOPM12.5 and SOPM25 treatments were no difference with SOY treatment. However, there were no significant differences in digestibilities of DM, N and DE(P>0.05). Backfat thicknesses were not significantly different among treatments. Pigs fed SOY diet was decreased in serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total lipid and was increased in free fatty acid than those fed other diet. Also, triglyceride concentration in serum was increased in PALM treatment compared with SOPM treatment(P=0.06). In conclusion, feeding soybean oil in weaned pigs showed higher fat digestibility and lower cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in serum than feeding only dried palm oil powder. Also, pigs fed monoglyceride were improved fat digestibility compared with those fed dried palm oil powder only.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.131-153
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• 2004

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of herbal acupuncture (Atratylodes japonica Koizumi and Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf) at Pungnyung(ST40) and Umnungchon(SP9) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, serum of lipid concentrations, liver function and HDL to total cholesterol ratio of rats fed high fat diet for 5weeks. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into normal group(Sham), high fat diet group(Control), high fat diet and Atractylodes japonica-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 treated group (AJ), high fat diet and Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 treated group(CL), high fat diet and Atractylodes japonica+Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 treated group(AJ+CL). Herbal acupuncture was bilaterally treated at the level of 132.5mg/kg body weight per day. Results : Body weight and food efficiency were decreased in AJ, AJ+CL. Feed intake was decreased in AJ, CL. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol was increased in AJ, CL. The level of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid were not significant. The level of serum triglyceride, free fatty acid were increased in AJ. The level of serum AST was decreased in AJ, AJ+CL. The level of serum ALT was decreased in AJ, CL, AJ+CL. The level of serum ALP was decreased in AJ+CL. The HDL to Total cholesterol ratio was increased in AJ. Conclusions : Atractylodes japonica-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 can control the body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio, HDL-cholesterol and herbal acupuncture combined Atractylodes japonica with Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf is effective on Body weight, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio, protection of liver function and prevention cardiovascular risk by obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.565-577
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• 2017

Purpose: There have been limited studies investigating the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), metabolic diseases, and dietary factors in Korean adults. Here, we examined the association between nutrient intake and serum hsCRP among Korean adults. Methods: Using data on 2,624 healthy Korean adults (1,537 women and 1,087 men) from the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary factors were analyzed once the subjects were grouped into either sex, age, or BMI. Nutrient intake was evaluated using the dietary data obtained by one-day 24-hour recall. Based on the guidelines of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association, hsCRP level was classified as HCRPG (High CRP Group, hsCRP > 1 mg/L) and LCRPG (Low CRP Group, hsCRP ${\leq}1mg/L$). Proc surveyreg procedure was performed to examine the associations between nutrient intake and hsCRP after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Results: The average hsCRP level of healthy Korean adults was $0.95{\pm}0.03mg/L$ ($0.97{\pm}0.04mg/L$ in men, $0.92{\pm}0.05mg/L$ in women). Obese subjects had significantly higher hsCRP than non-obese subjects in both sexes. The hsCRP level was positively associated with current smoking, physical inactivity, BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and blood pressure and inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol. LCRPG had significantly higher intake of dietary fiber compared to HCRPG in women. High hsCRP level was associated with more dietary cholesterol intake but less omega-3 fatty acid intake among subjects aged ${\geq}50y$. HCRPG of obese subjects had higher intakes of fat and saturated fatty acid than LCRPG. Conclusion: The hsCRP level is closely associated with several lifestyle variables and nutrient intake in healthy Korean adults. Individuals with high hsCRP level show low intakes of dietary fiber and omega-3 fatty acids but high intakes of dietary fat and cholesterol. Our findings suggest that a potential anti-inflammatory role for nutrients and lifestyle in the Korean adult population.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.192-200
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• 2002

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for positional and geometric isomers of octadecadienoic acid in which the double bonds are conjugated. CLA has anticancer activity in a variety of animal cancer models, and cis-9, trans-11 (c9t11) and trans-10, cis-12(t10c12) CLA are the most predominant isomers present in the synthetic preparations utilized in these animal studies. To compare the ability of c9t11, t10c12 and an isomeric mixture of CLA to inhibit TSU-Prl cell growth, cells were incubated in a serum-free medium with various concentrations of these fatty acids. The isomeric mixture inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner (1-3 $\mu$M) with a 41 $\pm$ 1% inhibition observed at 3 $\mu$M concentration after 48 hours. T10c12 also inhibited cell proliferation in a dote-dependent manner, However, the efficacy and potency of this isomer was much greater than that of the isomeric mixture with a 49 $\pm$ 2% inhibition observed at 0.3 $\mu$M concentration after 48 hours. By contrast, c9t11 slightly increased cell proliferation. To determine whether the growth-inhibiting effect of CLA is related to the changes in production of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) by these cells, serum-free conditioned media were collected. Immunoblot analysis of conditioned media using a monoclonal anti-IGF-II antibody showed that both the isomeric mixture and t10c12 inhibited secretion of both mature 7,500 Mr and higher Mr forms of pro IGF-II, whereas c9t11 had no effect. Ligand blot analysis with 125I-IGF-II revealed the presence of two types of IGFBPs : 24,000 Mr IGFBP-4 and 30,000 Mr IGFBP-6. The production of IGFBP-4 slightly decreased at the highest concentrations of the isomeric mixture and t10c12. These results indicate that CLA inhibits human prostate cancer cell growth, an effect largely due to the action of t10c12. The growth inhibition may result, at least in part, from decreased production of IGF-II and IGFBP-4 by these cells.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop a pasture feeding program for reducing the Hanwoo feeding cost. Italian ryegrass (IRG) is a major plant which is abundantly produced in the southern area of South Korea. Locally produced Italian ryegrass has a 30 - 50% reduced pasture cost compared to imported pasture grasses. We hypothesized that Italian ryegrass feed could reduce the feeding cost but not change the physiological characteristics of the Hanwoo steers in the feedlot. Four treatments (Control, short fed IRG silage, long fed IRG silage, and IRG hay) in a completely random design were used to feed 27 Hanwoo steers. Three or four steers were fed in the same pen, and 8 pens were used for the treatments. Blood was drawn from each steer on the first week of every month from 11 to 30 months. Overall, the average daily gain and feed efficiency were not different among the treatments (p < 0.05) except for the final fattening diets (p < 0.05). The long fed IRG silage group had a low ADG compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The serum non-esterified fatty acid and glucose concentrations were reduced during the fattening periods (p < 0.05); however, the serum albumin, total proteins, triglycerides, and phosphorus were increased during the fattening periods (p < 0.05). The carcass weight, longissimus muscle area and back-fat thickness were low in the long fed IRG silage group (p < 0.05). The IRG diet induced saturated fatty acids in the longissimus dorsi (p < 0.05). These results show that the IRG diet increased the serum triglycerides but reduced the glucose level at the final fattening diet and decreased the meat yield score in Hanwoo steers.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1452-1462
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Agaricus blazei polysaccharide (ABP) at varying concentrations on the performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and microflora of quail. Methods: The study involved a total of 2,700 Korean quails, which were randomly divided into three groups. The measured variables encompassed productive performance, egg parameters, carcass parameters, serum metabolites, immune response parameters, antioxidative properties, and gut microbiome. Results: The addition of ABP did not have a significant effect on average daily feed intake. However, it was found to increase the average daily egg weight and egg production rate, reduce the feed-egg ratio. There were no significant impacts on egg quality measures such as egg shape index, egg yolk index and color, egg yolk and protein content. However, ABP supplementation significantly increased the Hough unit (p<0.01) and decreased the rate of unqualified eggs (p<0.01). Regarding serum parameters, the inclusion led to an increase in total protein concentration (p<0.05) and a reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05). There were no significant effects observed on immune indicators such as immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM. ABP supplementation increased the levels of serum antioxidant indicators, including glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), and total antioxidant capacity colorimeter (p<0.05). Furthermore, ABP supplementation significantly elevated the intramuscular fatty acid content in quail meat. Additionally, ABP supplementation demonstrated a significant improvement in the diversity of gut microbiota and induced alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of ABP enhanced production performance and antioxidant capacity while increasing the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in quail muscle.