• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 1999

The study investigated the effect of carrier composition (ionic strength and pH) on the retention of various proteins in flow field-flow fractionation (Flow FFF) as well as the conformational change of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) with urea concentration, storage time and temperature. The study found that the retention of protein in Flow FFF increased with the ionic strength of the carrier liquid. Most proteins were well solubilized at pH = 7-8. The hydrodynamic diameters obtained from Flow FFF retention data agree well with theoretical values. The retention increased and the peak shape became distorted at extreme pH conditions of the carrier solution. The selected carrier composition for comparison between the literature value of proteins was 0.05 M tris buffer solution with a pH of 8. Storing BSA at 4 ±2℃ over a period of three months resulted in slow dimerization. Also, in case of the storage of BSA at 37 ±5℃ for one week, the retention of both BSA monomer and dimer increased with the urea concentration. Finally, the structural composition of specific enzymes: malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCDC) and malonyl-CoA synthesis (MCS) was determined by using Flow FFF at specific carrier solutions. The molecular weight of the natural MCDC was determined to be 208 kDa, which means it is a homotetramer, while that of the MCS was determined to be 47 kDa, which means it is a monomer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1747-1756
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• 2013

The aim of this paper was to study the effect of spent medium recycle on Spodoptera exigua Se301 cell line proliferation, metabolism, and baculovirus production when grown in batch suspension cultures in Ex-Cell 420 serum-free medium. The results showed that the recycle of 20% of spent medium from a culture in mid-exponential growth phase improved growth relative to a control culture grown in fresh medium. Although both glucose and glutamine were still present at the end of the growth phase, glutamate was always completely exhausted. The pattern of the specific glucose and lactate consumption and production rates, as well as the specific glutamine and glutamate consumption rates, suggests a metabolic shift at spent medium recycle values of over 60%, with a decrease in the efficiency of glucose utilization and an increase in glutamate consumption to fuel energy metabolism. Baculovirus infection provoked a change in the metabolic pattern of Se301 cells, although a beneficial effect of spent medium recycle was also observed. Both growth rate and maximum viable cell density decreased relative to uninfected cultures. The efficiency of glucose utilization was dramatically reduced in those cultures containing the lowest percentages of spent medium, whereas glutamine and glutamate consumption was modulated, thereby suggesting that infected cells were devoted to virus replication, retaining their ability to incorporate the nutrients required to support viral replication. Recycle of 20% of spent medium increased baculovirus production by around 90%, thus showing the link between cell growth and baculovirus production.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.392-397
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• 2015

Blood chemistry values according to ages have rarely been investigated in indigenous Korean calves. The present study aimed to clarify the changes in blood chemistry values of indigenous Korean calves with age. Blood samples were collected from 29 calves (11 females and 18 males) reared at the Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute and the levels of various chemical components in the serum were analyzed. The total protein, albumin and globulin concentration in the calves increased gradually over time. The glucose concentration increased significantly at 2 weeks after birth, and then decreased slightly 4 weeks after birth. The blood urea nitrogen concentration increased from 2 weeks after birth, and the levels in females were higher than those in males at 2 and 4 weeks after birth. The creatinine concentration decreased significantly from 2 weeks after birth, and the levels in females were higher than those in males at 2 weeks and 6 months after birth. The total bilirubin concentration decreased gradually from 2 weeks after birth. The glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase concentration increased gradually from 2 weeks after birth. The triglyceride concentration tended to increase from 2 weeks after birth. The total cholesterol concentration increased significantly at 2 weeks after birth, and then decreased slightly 4 weeks after birth. The total high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increased significantly from 2 weeks after birth. The calcium concentration was maintained between $9.8{\pm}0.8mg/dL$ and $11.6{\pm}0.9mg/dL$ throughout the investigation period, although some levels fluctuated at 4 weeks and 6 months after birth. The phosphorus concentration increased significantly at 2 weeks after birth, and then decreased slightly 4 weeks after birth. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study may be valuable for use as a standard for interpreting results of blood biochemical analyses in indigenous Korean calves.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.471-482
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• 1996

These experiments were undertaken in order to find out the useful clinicopathological diagnostic methods of cadmium poisoning in dogs. Twenty-one dogs were divided into a control group and 6 experimental groups. The experimental groups were adminstered orally 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120mg of cadmium per kg of body weight for 56 days. All dogs were examined for clinical signs, and weekly changes in hematological and blood chemical values. All dogs were necropsied on 57th days of experiment. Tissue samples including hair, skin, muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, testis, ovary, uterus, and bone were collected and analyzed for cadmium, zinc, iron and copper contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. From these experiments following results were obtained : 1. All experimental dogs showed vomitting, salivation, anorexia, decreased water-intake, dehydration, and marked weight loss. The dogs received 30mg/kg or more of cadmium died during the period from 2nd to 7th week after administration. 2. Hematologically, all experimental dogs showed decrease in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. The anemia was identified as normocytic and regenerative morphologically. 3. No significant differences in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and cholosterol value were obseved between the control and experimental dogs. 4. The cadmium contents in various tissues of experimental dogs were estimated as $37.8{\sim}201.8{\mu}g/g$ in bone, $14.1{\sim}49.5{\mu}g/g$ in liver, $13.2{\sim}53.1{\mu}g/g$ in kidney, $0.4{\sim}35.2{\mu}g/g$ in pancreas, $0.8{\sim}35.4{\mu}g/g$ in spleen, $0.9{\sim}30.1{\mu}g/g$ in hair, $0{\sim}7.1{\mu}g/g$ in lung, $0{\sim}5.1{\mu}g/g$ in skin, and $0{\sim}3.6{\mu}g/g$ in muscle, respectively. However, the serum, testis, ovary and uterus showed no cadmium accumulation. Two contol dogs showed cadmium accumulation only in bone. 5. Significant differances in zinc, iron, and copper contents in tissue samples were observed between the control and experimental groups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.224-238
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to confirm the physicochemical property and hazard of thinner (012), which is a diluent of enamel paint used for floor coating for waterproofing and oil painting for the outer wall. The literatures of physicochemical property and hazard of thinner were surveyed and its physicochemical property were evaluated. And then, the inhalation toxicity of thinner affecting the central nervous system and reproductive organs in rats were examined by subchronic (6 h./day. 5 days/ week for 13 weeks) inhalation test. 1) According to the 13-week subchronic inhalation test, there were no significant changes in clinical test and body weight. However, a significant evidence of toxicity was observed in the hematological test and organ weight such as heart, kidney, liver and brain (p<0.01) in the 200 ppm and 1,000 ppm exposure groups in a dose response manner. In the histopathology analysis, there were no significant evidence of toxicity. Therefore, thinner was not classified as an organ targeted toxic agent. In case of Harmfulness, it could be classified as a chronic toxic agent 3($500 ppm/4hr, rat). 2) The reproductive toxicity such as extension of the period of estrous cycle, reduction of serum estradiol concentration and increase of frequency of the abnormal sperm was observed in the 1,000 ppm exposed animals. 3) The result of the physicochemical property of the test material showed that the specific gravity was 0.793, boiling point $155.8^{\circ}C$, steam pressure 2.1 kPa, ignition point $34.5^{\circ}C$, and spontaneous ignition point $280^{\circ}C$. The endothermic and exothermic values were 371.4 J/g and 159.1 J/g. respectively. The explosion limit was 214 mg/l. These data showed that thinner could be classified as an explosion agent level 1.2 and ignitive liquid agent 3 ($23-60^{\circ}C$) according to the notification No. 2008-1 of the Labor Ministry, "Classifying Standard of Chemical Materials."

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.319-327
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• 1989

In order to study the effects of neomycin sulfate on the kidney of Korean black goats after dosing at 36mg/kg(A group) or 18mg/kg of body weight (B group) twice a day, serum chemical values(BUN, SCr), urinary enzyme(GGT) excretion and urinary analysis were checked and renal lesions were observed by light microscope. The proteinuria and granular casts were observed on the 5-6th day and 7th day of treatment with neomycin respectively in the A group. While these changes were observed on the 4th day and the 6th day respectively in one goat of the B group. Urinary GGT excretion began to increase from the 9th day and reached to maximum concentration on the 15th day of treatment with neomycin in the A group. Thereafter, GGT excretion began to decrease and reach to normal level on the 21th day. But GGT excretion increased on the 9th day in only one goat of the B group. Concentrations of BUN and SCr increased on the 12th day in the A group and in one goat of B group. The kidneys were swollen gross pathologically and the renal tubular epithelial cell changes were noticed histologically in the A group and in one goat of the B group. These changes were included degeneration with hyaline droplet formation, flattened epithelial cells and necrotic epithelium. Granular casts were showed in many tubular lumens. Prfesent results indicated that nephrotoxicosis would not occured in Korean black goats dosing with neomycin sulfate less that 36mg/kg of body weight a day.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.407-412
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• 1992

In order to obtain basic data concerning the treatment of canine demodicosis, 8 Doberman Pinschers were infected with Demodex canis. The clinical signs, were examined after infection, and their hematological and blood chemical values were determined, along with four non-infected control dogs of same breed. The number of white blood cells, especially the number of band neutrophils was significantly higher(p<0.01) in the infected than in the non-infected control dogs. This result indicated that the first episode of secondary infection should be treated with an appropriate antibiotics based on the culture and sensitivity test. The red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, hemoglobin contents, and serum albumin levels were significantly lower (p<0.01~0.001) in the infected than in the non-infected control dogs. These results suggested that the infected dogs had an anemia due to malnutrition. Thus, the infected dogs should be on a well balanced, high protein diet.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.278-287
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• 2010

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol (EtAS), ethyl acetate (EAAS) and aqueous (AQAS) extracts of Argyreia speciosa (AS) roots against Isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. The animals were exposed to isoproterenol (200 mg/kg. s.c) twice at an interval of 24 hrs. Cardioprotective effect was assessed by observing ECG parameters, serum marker enzymes and histopathology of the heart. Pretreatment of EAAS, and EtAS (200 mg/kg) resulted in a significant (P < 0.001) increase in P wave, QRS complex and R-R interval, whereas heart rate, QT interval and cardiac cycle were maintained near to normal values. EtAS and EAAS showed significant (P < 0.05; P < 0.001) reduction in all the tested diagnostic markers compared to ISO treated group. Histological studies on the structural changes of heart tissue supported the protective activity of AS. The result suggest that treatment of AS prior to ISO has a significant role in protecting the animals from ISO induced myocardial infarction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.24-39
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• 2001

These experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional and feeding value of red pepper seed oil meal (RPSOM) as local vegetable protein ingredients for poultry feeding. In the first experiment, nutritional values of RPSOM were evaluated by analyzing chemical compositions and determining true metabolizable energy (TME), nitrogen corrected TME (TMEn) and true available amino acid (TAAA) contents. According to the chemical analysis, RPSOM contained 22.50％ of crude protein, 4.75％ of ether extract, 27.70％ of crude fiber, 0.34 mg／g of capsaicin and 49.97 ppm of xanthophylls. The values of TME and TMEn determined by force-feeding 16 roosters (ISA-Brown) were 1.73 kcal／g and 1.63 kcal／g on dry matter basis, respectively. The average TAAA value of 16 amino acids measured by the force－feeding technique was 81.70％. These values were used for formulating experimental diets containing various levels of RPSOM for broiler chicks and laying hens. Two feeding trials were made to investigate the effects of dietary incorporation of RPSOM into chicken feed performances of broiler chicks and laying hens. In the broiler feeding (Exp. 2), a total of two hundred twenty-five, 4 wk old male broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly divided into 9 groups of 25 birds each and assigned to three experimental diets containing 0, 5 and 10% RPSOM. The birds were fed ad libitum the diets for 3 wk and feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion rate were determined. At the end of the feeding, the blood levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and cholesterol, and the body and fatty acid compositions of leg muscle were measured. No significant differences were observed in weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate, body composition, serum levels of GOT, GGT and BUN among the treatments. However, blood cholesterol level was lower (P＜0.05) in 10% RPSOM diet group than those in the other. The dietary RPSOM at 5 and 10% levels increased the content of linoleic acid (P＜0.05) in leg muscle compared to that of control group. The results indicate that RPSOM can be used for broiler feed up to 10% without any significant negative effects on broiler performance. In the layer feeding (Exp. 3), the effects of dietary RPSOM on the performances of laying hen were investigated by feeding ninety 45 wk old laying hens (ISA-Brown) with experimental diets containing 0, 5 and 10% RPSOM for 4 wk (30 birds per treatment). Measurements were made on egg production rate, egg weight, feed intake, Haugh unit, egg shell strength which was higher (P＜0.05) in layers fed 10% RPSOM diet compared to those fed 0 and 5% RPSOM diets. Thus, it can be concluded that RPSOM can be included into laying hen feed up to 10% without any harmful effects.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2016

The present study was undertaken to clarify the changes in blood chemical values of indigenous Korean striped calves according to age. Blood samples were collected from 15 calves (8 females and 7 males) reared at the Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute and the levels of various chemicals in serum were analyzed. The mean total protein, albumin and globulin concentration in calves increased from 2 weeks after birth, and the levels in females were higher than those in males at 8 weeks after birth. The mean glucose concentration increased significantly at 2 weeks after birth. The mean blood urea nitrogen concentration increased from 2 weeks after birth, whereas the mean creatinine concentration decreased significantly from 2 weeks after birth. The mean uric acid concentration increased gradually from 2 weeks after birth. The mean glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase concentration increased significantly from 2 weeks after birth. The mean total bilirubin concentration tended to decrease from 2 weeks after birth. The mean triglyceride, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increased significantly from 2 weeks after birth. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study may be valuable as a standard for interpreting results of biochemical analyses in indigenous Korean striped calves.