• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1280-1287
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• 2013

The current study investigated the effects of [6]-gingerol, a ginger phytochemical, on the expression of autophagy-related genes and the activation of antioxidative enzymes in the pancreas of mice with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. The following were studied: pancreatic edema, ${\alpha}$-amylase activity in serum, expression of autophagy genes, activities of antioxidative defense enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the production of lipid peroxidation (LPO). The results revealed that cerulein-induced edema in the pancreas and ${\alpha}$-amylase activity in the cerulein group significantly increased compared with that of the control. However, that of the [6]-gingerol pretreated group was significantly decreased compared with that of the cerulein-alone injected group (positive control). There was no significant difference compared with that of control. The expression of autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin-1 and cleaved microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, were significantly increased in the positive control but significantly decreased in the [6]-gingerol-pretreated group. Furthermore, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the positive control were decreased compared with those of the control. However, those of the [6]-gingerol pretreated group were significantly increased compared with those of the cerulein-alone group. The mRNA levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were similar. The production of LPO in the cerulein with and without [6]-gingerol groups was increased by 133.1% and 26.3%, respectively, compared with that of the control, whereas that of the [6]-gingerol-pretreated group was significantly decreased by 48.5% compared with that of the positive control. Therefore, [6]-gingerol may be a strong candidate in reducing autophagy and LPO production and in enhancing antioxidative enzyme activities to help prevent acute and chronic pancreatitis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1354-1359
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• 1996

Few observation have been made on the pericardial pressure and little is known about the composition of he pericardial fluid. So we studied the basic qualitative and quantitative analysis of the pericardial fluid in the patients with cardiac disease either congenital heart diasese(group A) or acquired heart disease(group B). The pressure of the pericardial cavity was measured by the method of open tipped water filled small polyethylene catheter connecting to the standardized monitor, which was introduced into pericardium of the patients who were performed pericardial incision for the heart or pericardial surgery. All of the data was compared to the simultaneously checked hematologic value of the same patient. The mean pressure of the pericardial cavity was 2.4mmHg and the amount of the pericardial fluid was 13cc/m2 of body surface for the group A and 17.7cc for the group B. And the cell count was 138$\pm$l16/1 in group A and 230$\pm$135/1 in group B and the pH was 7.83$\pm$0.40 in group A. 7.80$\pm$0.52 in group B. Pericardial fluid revealed satisfactically significant alkaline pH than plasma. The fundamental electrolyte, Wa+, K+, Cl and glucose were identical to the hematologic values of the same patient, but the protein concentration was 2.Bg/dL for group A and 3.Ig/dL for group B heart disease and those were remarkable low concentration compared to the hematologic value of the same patient. LDH and amylase were identical to the value of the serum of the same patient, but the concentration of LDH of group B was slightly higher than that of the group A.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.647-652
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• 2007

In the present study, we address systemically a case of renal disease developed in a 1 year-old male cocker spaniel dog in terms of clinical signs, clinical pathology and pathological examinations. The animal has been suffered from renal dysfunction signs such as polyuria, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and weight loss. The dog was very weak and emaciated and had foamy contents with foul-smell in oral cavity. The animals showed notable decrease in the number of red blood cells and severe decreases of hemoglobin and hematocrit with or without changes of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values, indicating microcytic or normocytic hypochromatic anemia. In serum chemistry, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorous, Na and Cl, which are associated with renal function, were dramatically increased. In addition, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, lipase and amylase were also significantly elevated, while K concentration was notably decreased. Urinalysis indicated prominent proteinuria with increase of bilirubin. Despite of symptomatic treatments, the dog was getting worse in healthy condition and dead in the end. At necropsy, both kidneys were brownish, pale, slightly small, and have diffuse, firm and subcapsular pits. Histologically, the kidneys indicated prominent segmental or diffuse interstitial fibrosis in cortex and medulla as well as glomerulonephritis. The clinical signs, clinical pathology and histopathological abnormalities of the young dog presented were consistent with chronic glomerulonephropathy, which was suspected to be a case of familial renal disease in the juvenile cocker spaniel dog.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.114-118
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• 2017

While saliva can be considered as good biological fluid for monitoring biomarkers due to many advantages including its communication with blood and the non-invasive nature during its sampling, its applications to that purpose is still limited. As a part of efforts to expand the applications of saliva to the protein biomarker research, we carried out global absolute quantitation of proteins in human whole saliva (WS) by bottom-up proteomics techniques mainly based on nLC-Q-IMS-TOF employing $MS^E$. From the analyses of a pooled WS sample collected from 22 healthy Korean volunteers, 93 proteins ranging from $5.89{\times}10^1ng/mL$ (immunoglobulin heavy chain) to $1.59{\times}10^4ng/mL$ (${\alpha}-amylase$ 1) were confirmed. For the validation of the present results, human serum albumin in the same sample was quantitated by ELISA and its result was compared with that from the nLC-Q-IMS-TOF study. As a result, there was no significant difference between two results from individual approaches ($1.18{\times}10^4{\pm}0.03{\times}10^4 ng/mL$ from nLC-Q-IMS-TOF experiments vs. $1.23{\times}10^4{\pm}0.07{\times}10^4ng/mL$ from ELISA experiments, n=3, p=0.309). To our knowledge, this is the first global absolute quantitation of proteins in human whole saliva and information from the present study can be widely used as the first level reference for the discovery of new protein biomarkers from human whole saliva as well as for quantitative applications of human whole saliva proteins.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3 s.71
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• pp.273-288
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• 2007

Objectives : We examined the effect of Jengjengamiyjin-tang, a traditional herbal formula, on the experimental pancreatitis induced by Dibutyltin Dichloride(DBTC). Methods : 15 mice were divided into 3 groups; the normal group and the control group which were administered water only after pancreatitis elicitation and the test group which were administered Jengjengamiyjin-tang for 7 days after pancreatitis elicitation. Results : In the activities of amylase, lipase and alkaline phosphatase in serum, the test group showed significant decrease compared with the control group after 21 days. In the common morphology and histochemical study, various injuries by hemorrhagic erosion were observed in the control group, while they were significantly decreased in the test group. In the immunohistochemical study, the manifestation of COX-1, 2, HSP27, HSP70, MAC387, Ki-67 decreased significantly in the 14th day in the test group, however, they increased in the 21st day more than the control group(p<0.05). Conclusion : According to the above results, it is supposed that Jengjengamiyjin-tang has anti-inflammatory effect on the experimentally induced pancreatitis and may be applicable to pancreatitis especially in the acute stage.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2008

Blunt trauma, drugs, infection, congenital anomalies of the pancreaticobiliary system, and multisystem diseases are the main causes of acute pancreatitis in children. Various viruses can cause acute pancreatitis, but varicella-induced pancreatitis is unusual and generally observed in adults or immunocompromised patients. We report a rare case of acute pancreatitis associated with varicella-zoster virus infection in a 6-year-old immunocompetent girl. The patient initially presented complaining of severe abdominal pain and repetitive vomiting. The patient had multiple cutaneous crusts that has been caused by preceding varicella infection and had elevated values of serum amylase and lipase. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated swelling of the pancreas and pancreatic duct dilatation, findings which were compatible with acute pancreatitis. The patient's clinical and laboratory abnormalities were completely normalized through conservative treatment consisting of fasting, total parenteral nutrition, and analgesic therapy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.411-416
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• 1999

Ninety-six, 35 day old, crossbred pigs, were fed either a basal diet based on com, soybean meal, fish meal and whey or one of three similar diets supplemented with either 0.5% organic acid or enzyme both alone and in combination. Neither organic acid nor enzyme produced any significant (p<0.05) improvements in daily gain or feed conversion. Organic acid, both alone and in combination with enzyme, significantly (p=0.04) decreased the pH in the lower colon. None of the treatments produced any effects on E. Coli or Lactobacillus numbers in any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Feeding enzyme increased trypsin (p=0.01), chymotrypsin (p=0.03) and amylase (p=0.08) levels in the jejunum. Chymotrypsin levels were higher (p=0.04) in the ileum of pigs fed enzyme. Serum glucose levels were lower (p=0.01) on day 14 in pigs fed enzyme either alone or in combination with acid. Under the conditions of this experiment (10% dietary whey, pigs weaned at 35 days of age), neither organic acid nor enzyme were effective in improving starter pig performance. Therefore, there would appear to be little justification for the routine inclusion of these products in diets fed to pigs weaned at 35 days or later.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.415-423
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• 2008

This study examined the effects of the daily noise stress on body weight, feed intake and clinicopathological findings in Korean indigenous goats. A total of 14 male goats was divided into 2 groups (test and control) with same number (n=7), and exam was started 2 weeks later. This study composed 2 stages. First was noise stage i.e., noise (80-100 dB) inflicted on the test for 70 minutes each time (5 times/day), and have continued for 2 months. Second was no noise for 2 months. Body weight and daily gain in stress group was decreased compared with control group after imposing noise (first stage). However, these results were reversed after ceasing noise (second stage). Average daily feed intake was not significant different between two groups throughout the experimental periods. But, feed conversion ratio was lowerin control group than another. Clinicopathological findings including total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, amylase, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cortisol, total leucocytes and hemoglobin value showed no significant different between stress and control group.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2012

Opioids are the one of the most commonly used drugs to control cancer pain all over the world. But, we should not overlook the potential risk of opioid intoxication because they have well-known detrimental side effects. The opioid intoxication can be diagnosed thorough various clinical manifestations. The altered mental status, respiratory depression, and miosis is very representative clinical features although these symptoms don't always appear together. Unfortunately the opioid-toxidrome can be varied. A 42 years old man came to our emergency room after taking about 900 mg morphine sulfate per oral. He was nearly alert and his respiration was normal. Even though his symptoms didn't deteriorated clinically, serial arterial blood gas analysis showed increase in PaCO2. So we decided to use intravenous naloxone. Soon, he was fully awaked and his pupils size was increased. After a continuous infusion of intravenous naloxone for 2 hours, PaCO2 decreased to normal range and his pupil size also returned to normal after 12 hours. Though the levels of serum amylase and lipase increased slightly, his pancreas was normal according to the abdominal computed tomography. He had nausea, vomit, and whole body itching after naloxone continuous infusion, but conservatively treated. We stopped the continuos infusion after 1 day because his laboratory results and physical examinations showed normal. As this case shows, it is very important to prescribe naloxone initially. If you suspect opioid intoxication, we recommend the initial use of naloxone even though a patient has atypical clinical features. In addition, we suggest intranasal administration of naloxone as safe and effective alternative and it's necessary to consider nalmefene that has a longer duration for opioid intoxication.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2012

Objectives : QT interval prolongation and dispersion known as indicators of an increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death have been reported to be prolonged in patients with anorexia nervosa. The aims of this study were to compare conduction abnormalities in Korean patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and to examine its relation with clinical and laboratory factors. Methods : We retrospectively examined 45 women with anorexia nervosa and 75 women with bulimia nervosa who were assessed by 12-lead electrocardiogram at baseline. QT interval and corrected QT interval, QT dispersion of the difference between the longest and shortest QT intervals, and abnormal U wave were measured for conduction abnormalities. Results : QT interval was significantly longer in patients with anorexia nervosa compared with those with bulimia nervosa. There were no differences in QTc (Corrected QT), QTd (QT dispersion) and abnormal U wave between patients with anorexia nervosa and those with bulimia nervosa. QTd was significantly correlated with the lowest ever lifetime body mass index ($kg/m^2$) as well as the serum amylase level in patients with anorexia nervosa. Conclusions : These results suggest some conduction abnormalities reported in patients with anorexia nervosa are also found in patients with bulimia nervosa. It appears that severity of weight loss and purging behavior could affect the cardiac arrhythmia in patients with eating disorders. Appropriate attention should be paid to cardiac involvement in patients with eating disorders.