• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.407-418
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• 2002

Phytase 공급원으로 밀과 밀기울의 첨가가 육계 생산성 및 P이용률에 미치는 영향을 측정하기 위해 5주간의 사양 실험을 실시하였다. 갓 부화한 1,000수의 병아리(Ross$^{(R)}$)를 20pen에 50수씩(암수 각 25수) 공시하여 5처리 4반복으로 완전임의 배치하였다. T1은 대조구로 정상수준의 nonphytate-P(NPP)를 함유하였고, T2는 T1 －0.1% NPP의 低 NPP구, T3는 T2 + 사료 kg당 600IU microbial phytase(NOVO$^{(R)}$)구, T4는 T2 + 밀과 밀기울로 사료 kg당 600IU plant phytase 공급구, T5는 T2 + 밀과 수침 후 건조 처리한 밀기울로 사료 kg당 600IU plant phytase 공급구 였다. NPP 수준을 0.1% 감소시킨(T2) 처리에서 생산성과 사료효율이 감소되었고 식물성 phytase 처리시(T4와 T5)에서는 생산성이 회복되었다. 식물성 phytase 처리구들(T4와 T5)이 microbial phytase 처리구(T3)보다 더 나은 결과를 보였다. 정상 밀기울구(T4)와 수침 후 건조 처리한 밀기울구(T5)와는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 폐사율은 低  NPP(T2)에서 가장 높았다. 육성 사료에서 조지방과 조회분 이용률에 일반 밀기울 처리구(T4)가 가장 높았다. Ca과 P의 이용률 또한 T4가 가장 높고 T3와 T5가 다음으로 높았다. Phytase 처리구 (T3, T4와 T5) 들은 Mg, Fe와 Zn의 이용률을 크게 증가시켰다. Ca, P, Mg, Fe와 Zn의 배설량은 microbial phytase가 가장 적었다. 혈청내 Ca과 Mg의 함량은 低 NPP에서 가장 높았고, 경골내 조회분 함량은 T2와 T3가 T1, T4와 T5보다 낮았다. 그러나 경골내 Ca 함량은 T1과 T2가 다른 처리구들보다 높았다. 경골내 P과 Mg의 함량은 T1구가 가장 높았다. 결론적으로 밀기울을 통한 식물성 phytase의 공급은 P 이용률 향상에 효과적이었다. 수침 후 건조처리하는 것은 이용률 향상에 도움이 되지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1446-1451
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• 2010

세리신을 철분과 결합력이 우수한 가수분해물을 제조하기 위하여 다양한 효소 처리를 실시하였으며 세리신 가수분해물을 이용하여 철분과 결합력을 검토하였다. 고분자인 세리신 단백질 분말을 효소 처리하지 않은 control과 비교한 결과 Flavourzyme(16.2 mg/mL)을 처리한 경우 유리 아미노산의 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. Flavourzyme 세리신 가수분해물에 각각 1,000 ppm과 2,000 ppm의 $FeSO_4$을 넣어 교반한 후 80%에탄올 침전 후 얻은 상등액과 침전물을 Fe 함량을 측정한 결과 유기철분 1,000 ppm의 철분의 양은 상등액($7.8\;{\mu}g/mL$)에 비해 침전($191.5\;{\mu}g/mL$)이 높은 값을 나타내며 유기철분 2,000 ppm 역시도 상등액($8.5\;{\mu}g/mL$)에 비해 침전($411.0\;{\mu}g/mL$)이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 2주간 철분 결핍 식이를 투여한 쥐를 4군으로 분리한 후 형태가 다른 3종의 철분을 1주간 투여한 결과 체중증가량이나 식이섭취율 및 식이효율을 측정한 결과 모든 투여군에서 군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 체내 흡수된 철분의 농도를 측정한 결과 혈청($2.0\;{\mu}g/mL$)과 간($47.9\;{\mu}g/mL$) 모두 무처치 대조군(DD)에서 가장 낮은 철분 농도가 관찰되었다. 형태를 달리한 철분을 투여한 모든 군에서 무처치 대조군보다 철분의 농도가 혈청 및 간에서 모두 유의적으로 증가하였다. 세리신을 이용하여 제조한 유기철분 투여군은 간에서 $80.1\;{\mu}g/mL$, 혈청에서 $4.2\;{\mu}g/mL$의 철분 농도가 관찰되었으며, 양성 대조군인 헴철 투여군에서는 간에서 $70.6\;{\mu}g/mL$, 혈청에서 $3.2\;{\mu}g/mL$의 철분 농도가 관찰되었으나 두 투여군 간의 유의적 차이는 없었다. 무기철분을 투여한 군(DD+II)보다는 간에서의 철분 함량($67.9\;{\mu}g/mL$)이 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 유기철분이나 헴철보다는 유의적인 수준에서 낮게 관찰되었다. 혈중 헤모글로빈 농도는 무처치 대조군(8.9 g/dL)에 비해 철분 처치군(DD+HI: 12.2 g/dL, DD+OI: 12.6 g/dL, DD+II: 12.0 g/dL)이 유의적으로 높았으나 철분의 형태에 따른 유의적 차이는 관찰되지 않았다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.127-130
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• 2008

In the present study, we obtained an extract from the dried stem of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn by using 85% methanol (MeOH extract of S. suberectus; MSS) and investigated its radical scavenging effects in vitro and its protective effect against $CCl_4-induced$ liver damage in rats. MSS scavenged the 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical almost completely and inhibited $FeSO_4-induced$ lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver homogenate. Oral administration of MSS significantly reduced the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase and inhibited LPO in the liver tissue after $CCl_4$ treatment in rats. These results suggest that S. suberectus could be a candidate agent for the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2017

Medium compositions for the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 was statistically optimized to enhance formate-driven hydrogen ($H_2$) production by using response surface methodology. From the Plackett-Burman design-based experiment, it was confirmed that among the minor components of medium such as KCl, $MgSO_4$, $NH_4Cl$, Cystein-HCl, trace elements, Fe-EDTA and $CaCl_2$, the trace elements were screened as the only positively effective components with respect to $H_2$ production. Subsequently, the optimal concentrations of the trace elements and the major components of a medium such as NaCl, yeast extract and sodium formate were determined from the five-level central composite design (CCD)-based experiment. The resulting quadratic model predicted the maximum $H_2$ production of 46.6 mmol/L in serum bottle and it was validated experimentally using the optimal medium initially supplemented with 26.70 g/L of NaCl, 9.81 g/L of sodium formate, 3.50 g/L of yeast extract and 4.59 mL/L of trace elements. From the duplicate batch cultivations in the fermentor using the optimized medium, the a maximum $H_2$ production rate up to 71.8 mmol/L/h could be obtained, which was a 65% enhanced value compared with that obtained using the control medium, showing the high efficiency of the optimized medium.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted with twenty crossbred male lambs to assess the effect of cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM) on blood constituents and immunity. Lambs were randomly assigned to a reference diet (30% deoiled peanut meal, DPNM) and four test diets containing 40% of either raw, 45 minutes cooked, 1% $Ca(OH)_2$ and iron (1 free gossy-pol, FG : 0.3 Fe) treated CSM (replacing approximately 50%, reference concentrate mixture). These isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures were fed to meet 80% of protein requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad lib maize hay for 180 days. Blood was collected at 60, 120 and 180 days post feeding. The lambs were sensitized with Brucella abortus S99 antigen after 140 days and were subjected to ELISA and delayed type hypersensitivity. Blood haemoglobin, erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, total protein, total albumin, total globulin, urea, creatinine concentration and aspartate aminotransferase activity in lambs fed on raw or processed CSM were comparable to the values of reference lambs. The higher (p<0.01) blood glucose levels observed in CSM fed lambs at 60 days of feeding was latter reduced to the levels comparable with those on reference diet at 120 and 180 days of feeding. The alanine amino transferase activity was lower in lambs fed raw and cooked CSM containing diets at 120 and 180 days of feeding. A marginal increase in serum iron and alkaline posphatase activity was observed in iron treated group and raw CSM fed lambs, respectively. The humoral immune response and DTH reactivity was lower (p<0.05) in lambs fed raw CSM (consuming 302.83 mg FG/day). Cooking, $Ca(OH)_2$ and iron treatment of raw CSM showed a positive response in alleviating the suppression of immune response owing to the reduced consumption of FG by 40.19, 17.40% and 26.73%, respectively in these diets. The present study thus indicated that consumption of 40% raw CSM (302.83 mg FG/day) though did not affect majority of the haematological and blood biochemical parameters, but markedly suppressed the immune mechanism of lambs.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.9-33
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• 2005

Acetaminophen, which causes acute liver min in humans and animals, has made useful inducer of hepatoxicity for studying hepatopreventive drugs. Injinhotang is known as one of the hepatopreventive drugs. However, its mechanism of recovery of hepatoxicity treated with acetaminophen is poorly understood. this study was performed to observe the antioxidative effect of injinhotang extract and its several combination groups. The results were obtained as follows:1. In the study on free radical scavenging effect in vitro(the suppressing effect on peroxidation of linoleic acid on concentration, the scavenging effect of DPPH radical, inhibitory effect of superoxide in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation reaction by hydroxy radical in H2O2-Fe2+system, injinhotang have more effect than its components groups relatively. 2. In the study on antioxidants system in vivo(the level of serum LPO, the level of hepatic LPO, catalase, GSH, GST), only injnhotang has a significant effect. 3. In the study on hepatotoxicity(GOT, GPT, $\gamma$-GTP, ALP, LDH, b ilirubin), only injinhotang has a significant effect. These results suggest that injinhotang has the protective effect on acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity. The mechanisms of these are supposed to be involved in antioxidant and three drugs' cooperative synergy effect.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.212-224
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrients intake, Rohrer index, serum cholesterol level, blood pressure and others for clinical and nutritional study on school children in Taejon. This survey was carried out in October, 1995. The subjects were 362 children, 6 to 11 years old. The results were summarized as follows. By Rohrer index, 4.6% of the children was lean, 69.6% was normal, 17.4% was overweight and 8.6% was obese group. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and skin fold thickness of all subjects were 111.7$\pm$15.7mmHg, 69.8$\pm$14.9mmHg and 14.5$\pm$7.3mm respectively. Systolic blood pressure and skin fold thickness were increased with Rohrer index. Total cholesterol, urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in blood were 160.8$\pm$23.9mm/dl, 11.5$\pm$3.5mm/dl and 0.71$\pm$0.12mm/dl respectively but not significantly different among groups. These levels have a slight tendency to increase in obese group but not significantly different among groups. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were 41.3$\pm$4.7%, 13.1$\pm$1.6g/dl. These levels of 11 years old girls were lower than same aged boys. Composition ratio of total energy intakes were 65% of CHO, 13% of protein and 22% of fat. Energy and most nutrients intakes were insufficient except for P and vitamin C. Especially the amount of vitamin A, Fe, Zn and folate intakes were lower than halves of RDA'S. Most nutrients intake were not significantly different among groups. Pearson' correlation in Rohrer index with nutrients intakes were all negative correlation significantly different of K, Na and Thiamin.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.239-251
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• 2009

배양 온도, 배양 배지 중의 pH, NaCl 농도, iron 농도와 같은 배양 조건이 P. damselae의 미생물학적 성상 및 병원성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. P. damselae는 배양 온도 15-30${^{\circ}C}$에서 배지의 pH 5-9, NaCl 농도 0-6%와 $FeCl_{3}$ 첨가시 성장이 촉진되었지만, iron-chelator 첨가 시성장이 억제되었다. Iron-limited 조건에서 배양시 ECPs protein 농도, phospholipase, 용혈능, siderophore 및 cytotoxicity 활성 이 높게 나타났고, 넙치 혈청의 살균작용 대한 생존율도 증가 되었으나, iron-added 조건에서는 감소되어, 배양 조건 중 iron 농도에 영향을 가장 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 적용한 iron-limited 조건은 철농도가 낮은 숙주 내와 유사한 환경이므로 iron-limited에서 P. damselae 배양 시 나타나는 병원성의 증가는 어체에 감염시 나타나는 병원성 발현 기전과 유사할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.159-188
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to reseach the effect of Daehwanggamchoeumja(大黃甘草飮子) and its component groups on diabetes, free radicals, and antioxidants system in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The experimental group was divided into three groups: Daehwanggamchoeumja(DG), and its components groups, Gamdutang (Gamcho&Daedu; DG-I) and Daehwanggamchotang(DG-2). The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the study of effect on diabetic metabolic dysfunction(Glucose, Triglyceride, Total Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol, Total Protein, Albumin, Creatine, BUN), only DG has a significant effect. 2. In the study on free radical scavenging effect in vitro(the suppressing effect on peroxidation of linoleic acid on concentration, the scavenging effect of DPPH radical, inhibitory effect of superoxide in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation reaction by hydroxy radical in $H_2O_2Fe^{2-}$system, and the effect on Nitrate reductase activity), DG and DG-2 have more effect than DG-l relatively. 3. In the study on antioxidants system in vivo(The level of serum LPO, The level of hepatic LPO, Catalase, GSH, GST), only DG has a significant effect. These results suggest that Daehwanggamchoeumja(大黃甘草飮子) has an effect on diabetes, peroxidative damage by free radical, so it seems to be useful to prevent and treat diabetes. The mechanisms of these are supposed to be involved in antioxidant and three drugs' cooperative synergy effect.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2003

The protective effects of onion extract (OE), onion powder extracted in ethanol for 2 days. on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicities and the possible mechanisms involved in this protection were investigated in mice. Pretreatment with OE prior to the administration of $CCl_4$ significantly reduced the increase in serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities and hepatic lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, pretreatment with OE significantly prevented the depletion of reduced glutathione content in the liver of $CCl_4$-intoxicated mice. $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity was also prevented, as indicated by a liver histopathologic findings. The effects of OE on the cytochrome P450 (P450) 2E1, the major isozyme involved in $CCl_4$ biotransformation were investigated. Treatment of mice with OE resulted in a significant decrease in P450 2E1-dependent p-nitrophenol and aniline hydroxylation in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with these observations, the P450 2E1 expressions were also decreased, as determined by immunoblot analysis. OE also exhibited antioxidant effects in FeCl$_2$-ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenates and in superoxide radical scavenging activity. These results show that the protective effects of OE against the $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its ability to block bioactivation of $CCl_4$, mainly tty inhibiting the expression and activities of P450 2E1 and by scavenging free radicals.