• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.635-645
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of smoking on nutrient intake and blood mineral status. The subjects were composed of two groups.55 smokers and 52 non-smokers. A 24-hour recall method was used along with questionnaires and serum mineral levels were analyzed by ICP spectrometer. The average ages of the smokers and non-smokers were 55.5 and 59.3 years old, respectively. The height, obesity degree, BMI, and WHR of the smokers were significantly higher than those of the non-smokers (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.01) Approximately 45.5% of the smokers smoked 16-20 cigarettes per day. The average age that the smokers started smoking was 22.0 years old and their smoking history was 33.5 years. About 74.5% of the smokers drank alcoholic beverages, while 44.2% of the non-smokers did. The smokers tended to eat less meals and breakfast meal, but drink coffee more often compared to the non-smokers. The mean daily energy intake and CPF energy intake ratio were 1231.8 ㎉ and 69.8 : 14.8 : 14.7 in the smokers and 1210.2 ㎉ and 72.1 : 14.7 12.7 in the non-smokers, respectively. The results show that the smokers tended to consume more energy, lipid, and cholesterol compared to the non-smokers. The results also show that in both groups, nutrient intake was lower than the RDA. The two groups were not significantly different in terms of the intake frequency of green-yellow vegetables and fresh fruits. There were no significant differences in serum levels of Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. However, serum Se level of the smokers was significantly higher than that of the non-smokers. In conclusion, the subjects of this study showed a serious imbalance in the nutrient intake, and the smokers showed a more undesirable dietary intake in the light of their high intake of energy, lipid, cholesterol, alcoholic beverages, and coffee. The serum Se level of the smokers was higher than that of the non-smokers, showing that Se is involved in smoking, Therefore, it could be suggested that more systematic research be conducted with respect to Se and smoking and that increased nutrition education and guidelines for smokers are required.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 1987

The effect of selenium and vitamin E on the incidence of retained fetal membranes(RFM) was evaluated in dairy cows raised in Kyonggi-do province from July through September 1985. Sodium selenite(0.1mg/kg of body weight) and vitamin E (1,000 IU) were simultaneously injected 21 days prior to the expected calving day to Holstein cows and the incidence in the treated group was compared with that in the non-treated control group. Serum levels of selenium, vitamin E, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium were also determined in the treated and the non-treated groups to compare the status of vitamin E and other minerals during periparturient period in the cows with RFM and the normal ones. The incidence of RFM was 34.5% in cows of the non-treated group (29 heads), whereas it was significantly reduced to 9.7% in cows of the treated group (31 heads) (p<0.05). Data for serum mineral concentrations showed that the prepartal inorganic phosphorus concentration was significantly lower in the RFM than in the not-retained group(p<0.01). As a result, the prepartal Ca/P ratio was significantly higher in the RFM group(p<0.01). It appears that a single injection of 0.1mg of sodium selenite per kg body weight and 1,000 IU of vitamin E 21 days prior to the expected calving day is an effective prophylactic for prevention of RFM, and that RFM may be related to imbalances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1223-1229
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• 1998

This study was designed to observe the effects of feeding Houttuynia cordata juice and powder on the improvement of the lipids in the serum of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats. Experimental groups such as 5% cellulose for control group, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% H. cordata powder for group 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively, and 5%, 10%, 15% H. cordata juice for group 6, 7, 8, respectively, were admi nistered to the male rats of the Sprague Dawley for 4 weeks. Concentrations of total cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in all experimental groups than in the control group, and particularly, the lowest in group 8. The ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol was the highest in group 5. Atherosclerotic index was lower in group 5 and 8. Concentrations of free cholesterol and cholesterol ester in serum were significantly lower in all experimental groups than in the control group, and then concentrations of free cholesterol and cholesterol ester were the lowest in group 5 and 8, re spectively. Concentrations of triglyceride and phospholipid were the lowest in the group 5. Con centrations of chylomicron and VLDL were significantly lower in all experimental groups than in the control group. And the concentration was remarkably the lowest in group 5. Concentration of glucose in blood was not significantly different, but lower in the group 5 and 8. Concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Fe were not significantly different in all experimental groups. The GOT and GPT activites were lower in all experimental groups than in the control group, especially the lowest in group 7 of GOT and group 8 of GPT. The LDH activity was the lowest in group 8.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.95-113
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• 2009

Objectives This study was investigated to find how the orally administrated Moschus, herbal combination with Moschus, and herbal combination improves the rats' memory and rats' liver. These medications are generally known asthe memory improvement. Methods This study used the Sprague Dawley rats. They were divided into two groups - SD rats and orally administrated Saline(Control group). 0.473 mg/kg Moschus(HM-A), 153.9 mg/kg herbal composition without Moschus(HM-B), and 165.95 mg/kg herbal composition with Moschus combined(HM-C) Control, saline were orally administered. Each group was trained in the eight-arm radial maze task at the conditions of before oral administrated, and also right after third, sixth, and eighth by oral administration. Lastly, these animals were killed and were tested for brain tissue and serum AST/ALT level to measure how the medications were effected to the liver function. Results The result of radial eight-arm maze task test, the HM-B and HM-C groups showed significant decrease in mistakes from the fourth day of testing. Whereas, the HM-A group showed increasing in the error rate. HM-A and HM-C group of rats had significantly increased amount of acetylcholinesterase in the CA1 region of hippocampus, compared to the control group. Whereas, HM-B and HM-C group had increased level of ChAT compared to the control group. On the other hand, each experimental group did not show any significant difference to the level of serum AST/ALT and the weight ratio of the liver to the body. Conclusions This study provided evidences that the orally administered memory improvement herbal medication, and Moschus were effective to improve memory.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.669-675
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• 2007

Quality characteristics of Kwamaegi (semi-dried saury) prepared by treatment of chitosan-ascorbate (CA) and vacuum drying at $40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$(VDK), and the effect of the Kwamaegi on serum lipid profiles and anti-oxidation-related enzyme activity in rats fed high fat diets were investigated. The preparation periods were $4.5{\sim}8.3$ hr in VDK, while naturally dried Kwamaegi (NDK) took 360480 hr. Total microbe contents of VDK and NDK were $0.2{\sim}0.5$ and 8.2 log CFU/g, respectively. There was no significant difference in amino-nitrogen content. Compared with NDK, the acid and peroxide value, and fishy flavor of VDK40 (dried at $40^{\circ}C$) were significantly lower, and the texture, color and overall acceptability were higher. In animal experiments, weight gain, content of LDL-cholesterol and lipid peroxide, activities of total (T) and O type (O) xanthine oxidase, and the O/T ratio (%) were significantly lower in the VDK40 diet group than in the NDK diet group. The content of HDL-cholesterol in the VDK40 diet group was higher than in the NDK diet group. These results suggest that preparing CA-treated Kwamaegi with vacuum-drying at $40^{\circ}C$ can be applied throughout the year, and may shorten preparation time and improve its microbiological safety and nutritional values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1984

Recently, it has been reported that acute and chronic intoxication of Cd was concerned with environmental hygienic studies. In this study the effect of Ca and V-D was given directly into the diet with water containing the 20 ppm of Cd during so days. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Administration of Ca and V-D inhibited the reduction of body weight induced by Cd. The internal organ weights of rats receiving Cd solution without Ca and V-D were generally increased except lung. 2. The values of hematocrit were higher in rats receiving Cd solution supplemented Ca and V-D than those doing Cd solution without Ca and V-D, and the levels of cholesterol were in- creased in experimental rats compared with control group. Total protein concentration in serum of the both group intaking the Ca and Y-D, and without Ca and V-D was not significant. 3. The concentration of Cd and Mg in liver was increased in rats feeding only Cd solution than those doing Ca and V-D group, whereas the concentration of Cu, Zn and Ca was decreased. The concentration of Cd, Cu and Ca in kidney was decreased in only Cd solution group, whereas by supplementing Ca and vitamin D was increased the concentration of Cd, Cu and Zn.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding Bupleurum falcatum L.(BFL) on performance, blood component and hormonal secretion in broiler breeder hens. A total of 800 broiler breeder hens were allotted to four treatments(BFL ; 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0%) with four replications for eight weeks. Weight gain was not significantly different between the groups in growing period($20{\sim}24$ weeks), but egg production and egg mass of broiler breeder hens fed BFL were significantly(p<0.05) higher than those of the control groups in laying period($24{\sim}28$ weeks). Dietary BFL did not affect serum triglyceride concentration, whereas serum cholesterol concentration was significantly increased(p<0.05) in 2.0% BFL-fed groups. No statistical differences were found in serum glucose, Ca, P, Mg, total protein, albumin, GGT, AST, ALT and BUN concentrations. However, albumin/globulin ratio was statistically higher in BFL-fed groups compared to the control groups(p<0.05). Serum estrogen concentrations were significantly increased by feeding a diet containing 0.5% BFL, but progesterone were not influenced. Serum IGF-I of BFL groups was greater than that of control groups at 28 weeks(p<0.05). In conclusion, the results suggest that the dietary addition of BFL into broiler breeder diets improved egg production, serum estrogen and IGF-I concentration, and decreased serum cholesterol concentration and albumin/globulin ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.250-259
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to confirm that calcium intake and healthy status play a role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, to assure that calcium intake and regular exercise are important in reducing serum lipid levels in middle-aged women. Daily nutrient intakes were analyzed by convenient method. Anthropometric measurement such as body weight and height and blood pressure were measured. The subjects divided into two groups : women in group I under 50 years of age($\leq$49 yr group) and those in group II 50 years up($\geq$50 yr group). Average ages of group I and II were 43.87 and 53.46 years. The nutrients intake of subjects were higher than Korean recommended dietary allowances(KRDA) except calorie, iron, calcium, vitamin B1. They showed significant difference each other in vitamin B2(p<0.05), calcium(p<0.01) intake. Mean daily calcium intake was 540.88mg in $\leq$49 yr group and 519.50mg in $\geq$50 yr group. The levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, Atherogenic Index(AI), LDL/HDL and Cardiac Index(CI) were increased with age. The triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations and LDL/HDL in $\geq$50 yr group were significantly higher than those of $\leq$49 yr group. There was a highly significantly positive correlation between age and triglyceride, total cholesterol and Atherogenic Index(AI). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol concentration and Atherogenic Index(AI) were positively correlated with body weight and WHR(waist-hip ratio). Also ther was a significantly negative correlation between exercise and Cardiac Index(CI). Also a significantly negative correlation was found between Ca intake and LDL-cholesterol. Exercise and Cardiac Index(CI) also had a significantly negative relation. The results suggest that increased habitual physical activity and calcium intake should be recommended as a way of decreasing blood lipids and blood pressure in middle-aged women.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.307-310
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to provide the data of blood chemistry in use of application to clinical diagnosis in racehorses. Blood was collected from 30 racehorses(♀ 17, ♂ 13). Calcium, inorganic phosphorus, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, bilirubin, fibrinogen and ketone body in serum were analyzed as follows. 1. The values of calcium and inorganic phosphorus were maintained a certain level without much variation regardless of sex and species, Ca/P ratio was in the range of 3.13~3.35. 2. The value of blood glucose was 60 mg/100ml, Age and sex of racehorses make no difference in the value. 3. The value of blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol showed a tendency to increase according to the age. Total cholesterol value was somewhat higher in male than in female. 4. The value of total bilirubin showed a tendency to increase according to the age. There was no difference between sexes in the value. 5. The value of fibrinogen showed no apparent difference with age and sex. 6. Ketone body was negative in all of the cases. 7. There was no variation in the species of the racehorses.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2005

This study is to find out effects of hot water soluble extract from green tea, one of the Korean favorites, on the calcium metabolism and bone strength in body. To do so, calcium, phosphate, creatinine concentration and ALP activity in blood and the content of calcium and ash in the organ, the length, weight, strength in bone were measured. In addition, to find the calcium metabolism, the level of calcium intake, excretion, retention were measured. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups and isoloated soy protein was provided as the source of protein and CaCO₃ was provided as the source of calcium. 0.5% hot water soluble extract from green tea was provided to the green tea groups and for the control group deionized water was provided. The results are as follows ; 1. There is no difference between the experimental groups in diet intake, weight gain, and the feed intake. 2. Feed efficiency ratio was low in the group which hot water soluble extract from green tea was provided. 3. There is no difference between groups the level of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and ALP activity in serum. 4. There is no difference between groups weight, contents of ash and calcium in kidney and liver. 5. There is no difference between groups in calcium intake, absorption, excretion, and retention. 6. There is no difference between groups weight, length and strength in bone. In summary, when hot water soluble extract from green tea was provided with the amount of 150-200mg, which is taken when people generally drink as favorite tea, weight gain was reduced due to the decrease of feed efficiency ratio. However, it did not affect the availability of calcium in body at all. Thus, even if a big quantity of green tea powder or solid of hot green tea extract is not provided, the quantity obtained when people drink green tea lowers the feed efficiency ratio without reducing availability of calcium in body.