• Language and Information
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to propose a theory for the interpretation of VP-ellipsis. Although there have been various proposals such as Sag(1976), Williams(1977), Darlymple et al.(1991), there remain many problems, especially with respect to the interpretation of pronouns. Assuming that a coordinate sentence forms a kind of discourse, we propose a theory which consists of two subparts, i. e. a revised HPSG for the syntactic treatment and a so-called 'default-inheritance' mechanism for the interpretation of elliptical parts. By means of this theory, we can explain various elliptical constructions of Fiengo and May(1994), in which pronouns are interpreted ambiguously within the elliptical conjuncts of coordinate sentences according to the related syntactic and the discourse structures.

• 중국학논총
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• no.71
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• pp.23-40
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• 2021

'过' and '了' are the key points, as well as difficult ones, in the academic study of Chinese grammar and language teaching. This article analyzes this language use by taking two sentence structures as example, namely 'Pao le.' and 'Pao guo le.'. As the semantic meanings of 'V+了2' and 'V+过1+了2' are very similar. Therefore, it can be confusing for non-native speakers to master this usage. This article attempts to sort out and analyze the usage environment and pragmatic characteristics of 'V+过1+了2' by employing the examples from the data of Corpus of the Chinese Linguistics Research Center of Peking University. By focusing on the usage environment and pragmatic characteristics of '过' and it is desirable for teachers to combine semantics, syntax and pragmatics while explaining the grammar point, in order for learners to understand accurate information quickly and learn how to use it.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

A wh-phrase positioned in an embedded clause can be interpreted as having a matrix scope if the sentence is produced with proper prosodic structures such as the wh-intonation. In a previous experiment, a sentence with a wh-phrase in an embedded clause was given to 40 speakers of Gyeongsang Korean. A script containing the sentence was provided to induce a matrix scope interpretation for the wh-phrase. These 40 utterances were prepared as stimuli for a perception test to verify whether the wh-phrases in the stimuli were perceived as having matrix scopes. Each utterance was played thrice to 24 subjects. The results showed that more than half of the 72 responses indicated a preference for an embedded scope rather than a matrix scope in 20 of the utterances. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the matrix scope responses were best predicted by the magnitude of the pitch prominence in a prosodic word consisting of an embedded verb and a complementizer. The pitch prominence was calculated by subtracting the fundamental frequency (F0) at the right edge of the prosodic word from the peak F0 in the same prosodic word. The smaller the magnitude, the more matrix responses there were. These results suggest that the categorical perception of wh-scopes is based on the magnitude of pitch prominence.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2012

Many methods had been developed to improve the accuracy of extracting information from a vast amount of data. This paper combined a number of natural language processing methods such as NER (named entity recognition), sentence extraction, and part of speech tagging to carry out text analysis. The data source is comprised of texts obtained from the web using a domain-specific data extraction agent. A framework for the extraction of information from unstructured data was developed using the aforementioned natural language processing methods. We simulated the performance of our work in the extraction and analysis of texts for the detection of organizational structures. Simulation shows that our study outperformed other NER classifiers such as MUC and CoNLL on information extraction.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

In this paper I applies Borer (1993)'s way of classifying English intransitive action verbs such as 'run', walk, among many others, to the corresponding Korean intransitive action verbs such as 'tali-ta' and 'keət-ta', and show how they are different from - or similar with - each other in terms of syntactic structures and verb classification. Unlike the English verb 'run' which can be classified into an unaccusative verb as well as an unergative verb in Borer's theory, the corresponding Korean verbs 'tali-ta' or 't'wi-ta' can behave not only as an unergative and unauucsative verb, but also it can behave as a transitive verb. Though Borer's perspective on classification of verb types may be thought of as somewhat radical mostly due to its heavy dependency on aspectual representation of a whole sentence which a verb is just part of, it is clearly suggesting a new and great insight into the controversial topic of classification of verb types. So it is worth adopting this insightful perspective for the analysis of corresponding Korean verbs and seeing if it also works for the Korean ones.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.790-797
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• 2005

It is well-known that there are many similarities between Japanese and Korean language. For example, the order of words and the nature of the grammatical conjugation of both languages are almost the same. Another similarity is the frequent omission of the subject from a sentence. Moreover, both languages have honorific expressions and the identical concept for expressing nouns in terms of Chinese characters. Using these similarities, we have developed a word-to-word translation system which does away with any deep level analysis of syntactic and semantic structures of the two languages. If we use these similarities, the direct translation method is superior to the internal language translation method or transfer-based translation method. Although the MT system based on the direct translation method is more easily developed than the ones based on other methods, it may have a lot of difficulties when it tries to select the appropriate target word from ambiguous source verbs. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to extract the meaning of substantives and to make use of the order of the extracted meaning. We could select $86.5\%$ appropriate verbs in the sample sentences from IPAL-verb-dictionary. $13.5\%$ indicates the cases in which we could not distinguish the meaning of substantives. We are convinced, however, that the succeeding rate can be increased by getting rid of the meaning of verbs thatare not used so often.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

An eye-tracking experiment was conducted to examine resolving processes of grammatical marking ambiguities of Korean. and to evaluate predictions from the garden-path model and the constraint-based models on the processing of Korean morphological information. The complex NP clause structure that can be parsed according to the minimal attachment principle was compared to the embedded relative clause structures that have one of the nominative marker (-ka), the delimiter (-man, which roughly corresponds to the English word 'only'), or the topic marker (-nun) on the first NPs. The results clearly showed that Korean marking ambiguities are resolved by the minimal attachment principle, and the topic marker affects reparsing procedures. The pattern of eye fixation times was more compatible with the garden-path model, and was not consistent with the predictions of the constraint-based accounts. Suggestions for further studies were made.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.107-126
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to analyze the tonal structures of Korean conjunctive phrases produced by Daegu dialect speakers and show that there are distinctive intonational patterns between dialogic and reading styles. In the experiment, we examined the pitch contour at the edge of conjunctive phrases including '-ko', $'-(i)my{\partial}n'$, $'-(a){\partial}s{\partial}'$, '-(nin)de', '-do' in the base which is made a coordinate and subordinate conjunctive sentence according to the relation of pre-phrase and post-phrase. The results of this study show that '-ko' has L%, $'-(i)my{\partial}n'$ has LH%, $'-(a){\partial}s{\partial}'$ has HL% and '-(nin)de' has LH%, '-do' has LH% in Daegu Dialect. And the results show the conjunctive sentences were about 20% longer when they produced in a dialogic style than in a reading style. The dialogic style has various durations, the duration of the reading style is slower than the dialogic style by a rate of 20%. This suggests that the dialogic style is more dynamic than the reading style, which may be due to the communicative interaction between speakers and listeners.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.8
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• pp.2025-2037
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• 1997

The concept-based translation system, which is a part of the Korean spoken language translation system, translates spoken utterances from Korean speech recognizer into one of English, Japanese and Korean in a travel planning task. Our system regulates semantic rather than the syntactic category in order to process the spontaneous speech which tends to be regarded as the one ungrammatical and subject to recognition errors. Utterances are parsed into concept structures, and the generation module produces the sentence of the specified target language. We have developed a token-separator using base-words and an automobile grammar corrector for Korean processing. We have also developed postprocessors for each target language in order to improve the readability of the generation results.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.52
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• pp.393-416
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• 2018

Negative Stripping Construction in English involves the disjunction but, the adverb not, and a constituent NP. This construction is an incomplete sentence although it delivers a complete sentential meaning. Interpretation of this construction may be ambiguous in that the constituent NP can either be construed as the subject, or as the complements including the object. To generate such sentences and resolve the issue of ambiguity, we propose a construction-based analysis under direct interpretation approach, rejecting previous analyses based on deletion approaches. In so doing, we suggest a negative stripping construction rule that can account for ambiguous meaning. This rule further can enable us to explain syntactic structures and readings of Negative Stripping Construction.