• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.149-164
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• 2000

It is generally said that falling intonation is used at the end of a declarative sentence. However, this is not the case with all stretches of spontaneous speech which are marked in transcription as sentences. The present paper examines intonation patterns appearing at the end of declarative sentences in oral presentations, and discusses instances where falling intonation does not appear. The texts used for analysis are eight oral presentations collected at international conferences in the field of physics. Quantitative and qualitative analyses are carried out. Three major factors related to discourse structure have been found for nonoccurrence of falling intonation at sentence boundaries.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.92-114
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• 1997

This study is aimed to grasp the actual problems of the perception of English rhythm and intonation structure by Korean University students who have studied English in the secondary schools for the past six years, and to establish the systems of English rhythm and intonation structure for the Korean students of English. For this study, the listening test is provided, and 100 students are chosen as the subjects of the study. The noticeable findings are summarized as follows: (1) Koreans perceive the words stress comparatively well in nonsense words, unfamiliar place names, and familiar word. (2) Koreans do not perceive the isochrony of English rhythm well enough. The perception of the sentence stress is very unstable, especially in the sentence involved in polysyllabic words, compound words, and 'emphatic stress' pr 'contrastive stress'(or in the different rhythmic patterns). (3) Koreans do not perceive the nucleus well enough. The perception of the nucleus is more stable in content words than in function words, at the end of a sentence than in the middle of a sentence, and in monosyllabic words than in the polysyllabic words. (4) Koreans do not perceive the boundary(or pause) of intonation group well enough. The perception of the pause is unstable in the long or complex sentence. (5) Koreans discriminate the meaning of English word stress comparatively well, especially in disyllabic words. But the discrimination is somewhat unstable in polysyllabic words and between 'adjective' and 'verb' (6) Koreans' discrimination of the intonation meaning is below the level. Koreans do not perceive the differences of intonation meaning according to the pitch accent or the focus. In conclusion, the writer will propose the procedures for the teaching of rhythm and intonation in the following order: word stress drill longrightarrowstressed and reduced syllables drilllongrightarrowrhythm group drilllongrightarrowthe varying rhythm drilllongrightarrowsentence stress drilllongrightarrownucleus drill longrightarrowintonation group drilllongrightarrowlong utterance drill of more than two intonation group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.76-85
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• 2007

This paper addresses a task of opinion extraction from given documents and its positive/negative classification. We propose a sentence classification method using a notion of syntactic piece. Syntactic piece is a minimum unit of structure, and is used as an alternative processing unit of n-gram and whole tree structure. We compute its semantic orientation, and classify opinion sentences into positive or negative. We have conducted an experiment on more than 5000 opinion sentences of multiple domains, and have proven that our approach attains high performance at 91% precision.

• Language and Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.19-36
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• 2015

The aim of this paper is to investigate the usage of Korean markers -(n)un and -i/ka in editorial texts focusing on information structure. Noun phrases ending with the markers -(n)un and -i/ka were annotated semi-automatically using a corpus obtained from an online newspaper. Two important factors to determine the choice of markers were examined with the annotated data: referential givenness/newness and position in a sentence. Referential givenness and newness were adopted as indicators of information structure, topic and focus respectively. In addition to quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis was conducted on the selected data. The results suggest that both the marker -(n)un and -i/ka could carry a topic and a focus reading. Sentence position also played a crucial role in determining the marker, and the marker -i/ka was used more frequently in a later position of a sentence than the marker -(n)un.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.313-324
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• 2008

A sentence reduction is the information compression process which removes extraneous words and phrases and retains basic meaning of the original sentence. Most researches in the sentence reduction have required a large number of lexical and syntactic resources and focused on extracting or removing extraneous constituents such as words, phrases and clauses of the sentence via the complicated parsing process. However, these researches have some problems. First, the lexical resource which can be obtained in loaming data is very limited. Second, it is difficult to reduce the sentence to languages that have no method for reliable syntactic parsing because of an ambiguity and exceptional expression of the sentence. In order to solve these problems, we propose the sentence reduction method which uses templates and POS(part of speech) information without a parsing process. In our proposed method, we create a new sentence using both Sentence Reduction Templates that decide the reduction sentence form and Grammatical POS-based Reduction Rules that compose the grammatical sentence structure. In addition, We use Viterbi algorithms at HMM(Hidden Markov Models) to avoid the exponential calculation problem which occurs under applying to Sentence Reduction Templates. Finally, our experiments show that the proposed method achieves acceptable results in comparison to the previous sentence reduction methods.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.63-80
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• 2009

This paper has a purpose to find out the important points about linguistic factors suited to the assessment purpose and mathematics teaching/learning that a word-problem sentence has to possess. We also examine the degree of understanding of sentence and the perceptive/emotional reactions of students toward two different kinds of word-problem sentences that have same mathematical contents, but different linguistic structures. The objects of this thesis are 124 students from the third to sixth grade in an elementary school. We execute assessment of simple-sentence-word-problem and complex-sentence-word-problem that have same mathematical contexts, but different linguistic structures. Then we have compared and examined their own process of solving the two types word-problems and we make up questionnaire and have an interview with them. The conclusions are as followings: First, simple-sentence-word-problem is more successful to suggest an information for solving a problem than complex one. Second, it is hard to find the strategy for solving a problem in complex-sentence-word-problem than simple one. Third, students think that suggested information and mathematical knowledge are different according to the linguistic structure in the process of perceiving the information after reading a word-problem. Fourth, in spite of same sentence type, the negative mental reaction is showed greatly to complex-sentence-word-problem even before solving a problem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.11
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• pp.124-135
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• 1994

In this paper, we propose a Korean syntax analysis system for special syntax processing. HPSG, which processes syntatic and semantic analysis unificationally, is chosen for grammar description. Head-driven unidirectional active chart parser, which is efficient in Korean processing, is used for parsing mechanism. The parser of this paper can analyze not only general sentence structure which consists of complement-head, adjunct-head and head-head structure bur also special syntax which consists of auxiliay verb sentence, causative sentence, passive sentence and so on.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.63-90
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• 2007

The present study investigated what combination of three form-focused options - explicit explanation, production practice, and corrective feedback - may be effective in helping low-proficiency learners improve accuracy in communicative writing. The subjects were 34 Korean university students enrolled in 'Business English 1' and the study lasted 11 weeks. The relative clause structure was selected as the target structure. The study found that the combination of explicit explanation, sentence-level production practice, communicative writing practice, and recasts had a significantly greater effect on improved accuracy than the combination of communicative writing practice and recasts and that of explicit explanation, communicative writing practice, and recasts. Because the second and third combinations didn't lead to significantly improved accuracy, it can be concluded that of the form-focused options forming the first combination sentence-level production practice made a decisive contribution to the significant increase in accuracy. It also found that the provision of self-correcting opportunities before providing recasts on errors committed in sentence-level production practice resulted in significantly greater accuracy in communicative writing than the provision of recasts alone on them. The results of the study suggest that we should make low-proficiency Korean learners have sentence-level production practice which is intensive and focused and make them self-correct targeted errors before providing them with narrowly focused recasts in order to help them to improve writing accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.101-121
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• 2018

This study proposes the analysis method in sentence semantics that can be automatically identified and processed as appropriate items in the system according to the composition of the sentences contained in the data corresponding to the logical semantic structure metadata of the research papers. In order to achieve the purpose, the structure of sentences corresponding to 'Research Objectives' and 'Research Outcomes' among the semantic structure metadata was analyzed based on the number of words, the link word types, the role of many-appeared words in sentences, and the end types of a word. As a result of this study, the number of words in the sentences was 38 in 'Research Objectives' and 212 in 'Research Outcomes'. The link word types in 'Research Objectives' were occurred in the order such as Causality, Sequence, Equivalence, In-other-word/Summary relation, and the link word types in 'Research Outcomes' were appeared in the order such as Causality, Equivalence, Sequence, In-other-word/Summary relation. Analysis target words like '역할(Role)', '요인(Factor)' and '관계(Relation)' played a similar role in both purpose and result part, but the role of '연구(Study)' was little different. Finally, the verb endings in sentences were appeared many times such as '~고자', '~였다' in 'Research Objectives', and '~었다', '~있다', '~였다' in 'Research Outcomes'. This study is significant as a fundamental research that can be utilized to automatically identify and input the metadata element reflecting the common logical semantics of research papers in order to support researchers' scholarly sensemaking.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2016

This paper aims to define the relational logic of in-between code articles as well as within atomic sentences in Korean Building Code, as an intermediate research and development process for the automated building permit system of Korea. The approach depicted in this paper enables the software developers to figure out the logical relations in order to compose KBimCode and its databases. KBimCode is a computer-readable form of Korean Building Code sentences based on a logic rule-based mechanism. Two types of relational logic definition are described in this paper. First type is a logic definition of relation between code sentences. Due to the complexity of Korean Building code structure that consists of decree, regulation or ordinance, an intensive analysis of sentence relations has been performed. Code sentences have a relation based on delegation or reference each other. Another type is a relational logic definition in a code sentence based on translated atomic sentence(TAS) which is an explicit form of atomic sentence(AS). The analysis has been performed because the natural language has intrinsic ambiguity which hinders interpreting embedded meaning of Building Code. Thus, both analyses have been conducted for capturing accurate meaning of building permit-related requirements as a part of the logic rule-based mechanism.