• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.197-210
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• 2012

The KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite(KOMPSAT)-2 has a capability to provide a cross-track stereo imagery using two different orbits for generating various spatial information. However, in order to fully realize the potential of the KOMPSAT-2 stereo imagery in terms of mapping, various tests are necessary. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of mapping using the KOMPSAT-2 stereo imagery. For this, digital plotting was conducted based on the stereoscopic images. Also the Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and an ortho-image were generated using digital plotting results. An accuracy of digital plotting, DEM, and ortho-image were evaluated by comparing with the existing data. Consequently, we found that horizontal and vertical error of the modeling results based on the Rational Polynomial Coefficient(RPC) was less than 1.5 meters compared with the Global Positioning System(GPS) survey results. The maximum difference of vertical direction between the plotted results in this study and the existing digital map on the scale of 1/5,000 was more than 5 meters according as the topographical characteristics. Although there were some irregular parallax on the images, we realized that it was possible to interpret and plot at least seventy percent of the layer which was required the digital map on the scale of 1/5,000. Also an accuracy of DEM, which was generated based on the digital plotting, was compared with the existing LiDAR DEM. We found that the ortho-images, which were generated using the extracted DEM in this study, sufficiently satisfied with the requirement of the geometric accuracy for an ortho-image map on the scale of 1/5,000.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.183-190
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose an improved anisotropic diffusion model for micro-crack detection in heterogeneously textured surface of polycrystalline solar wafers. Due to the nature of the image sensor, the gray-level of the diagonal micro-crack is non-uniform. Thus, the conventional algorithms can't fully detect diagonal micro-cracks when the number of iteration is not enough. However, the increasing of the iteration number leads to increase computation time and detects micro-crack thicker than the original micro-crack. In order to overcome this drawback, we use the gradient of north, south, east, and west directions as well as extended directions. To calculate the diffusion coefficients, we compare the gradients of conventional directions and extended directions and apply the larger gradient values to the coefficient function. This is because the proposed method reflects the information of diagonal micro-crack. Comparing to Tsai et al.'s and Ko and Rheem's, the proposed algorithm shows superior efficiency in detecting the diagonal micro-cracks with less iterations in the images of polycrystalline solar wafers. In addition, it also shows that the thickness of segmented micro-crack is similar to the orignal micro-crack.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2006

This study suggested correction of excessive mouth opening or maximum occlusal contact to analyse occlusal contact time, occlusal contact number and force through evaluation of occlusal pattern in policemen with temporomandibular disorders. The community of policemen influence on temporomandibular disorder's development and progress due to other condition of mouth opening and maximal occlusal contact. Repeated training or changes of usual life style may cause imbalance of stomatognathic system including the masticatory muscle, then develop or aggravate pain of temporomandibular joints and associated structures. This study uses T-scan II system(Tekscan Co., USA) for evaluation on occlusal pattern may influence temporomandibular disorders, and then the subjects take a sensor at 20 mm opening for maximal occlusal contact force. The policemen with temporomandibualr disorders get more long time on maximum contact timing, more short on end contact timing, and more force on end contact force than general society's. So they get closure of mouth with more short time and more force, then transfer remaining load to temporomandibular joint. There are no statistically significances between affected side and occlusal pattern of occlusal contact time and force. There are Left -right dental arch imbalances seems on Rt. dental arch if affected side is right and Lt. dental arch if affected side is left. In above results, It's worth due consideration that policemen with temporomandibular disorders get more smooth mandibualr movement and less force on maximal occlusal contact position.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.306-316
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• 2016

In this paper, an NMOS-diode eFuse OTP (One-Time Programmable) memory cell is proposed using a parasitic junction diode formed between a PW (P-Well), a body of an isolated NMOS (N-channel MOSFET) transistor with the small channel width, and an n+ diffusion, a source node, in a DNW (Deep N-Well) instead of an NMOS transistor with the big channel width as a program select device. Blowing of the proposed cell is done through the parasitic junction formed in the NMOS transistor in the program mode. Sensing failures of '0' data are removed because of removed contact voltage drop of a diode since a NMOS transistor is used instead of the junction diode in the read mode. In addition, a problem of being blown for a non-blown eFuse from a read current through the corresponding eFuse OTP cell is solved by limiting the read current to less than $100{\mu}A$ since a voltage is transferred to BL by using an NMOS transistor with the small channel width in the read mode.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2018

We are currently investigating the feasibility of a 1.6 m telescope with a laser-guide star adaptive optics (AO) system. The telescope, if successfully commissioned, would be the first dedicated adaptive optics observatory in South Korea. The 1.6 m telescope is an f/13.6 Cassegrain telescope with a focal length of 21.7 m. This paper first reviews atmospheric seeing conditions measured over a year in 2014~2015 at the Bohyun Observatory, South Korea, which corresponds to an area from 11.6 to 21.6 cm within 95% probability with regard to the Fried parameter of 880 nm at a telescope pupil plane. We then derive principal seeing conditions such as the Fried parameter and Greenwood frequency for eight astronomical spectral bands (V/R/I/J/H/K/L/M centered at 0.55, 0.64, 0.79, 1.22, 1.65, 2.20, 3.55, and $4.77{\mu}m$). Then we propose an AO system with a laser guide star for the 1.6 m telescope based on the seeing conditions. The proposed AO system consists of a fast tip/tilt secondary mirror, a $17{\times}17$ deformable mirror, a $16{\times}16$ Shack-Hartmann sensor, and a sodium laser guide star (589.2 nm). The high order AO system is close-looped with 2 KHz sampling frequency while the tip/tilt mirror is independently close-looped with 63 Hz sampling frequency. The AO system has three operational concepts: 1) bright target observation with its own wavefront sensing, 2) less bright star observation with wavefront sensing from another bright natural guide star (NGS), and 3) faint target observation with tip/tilt sensing from a bright natural guide star and wavefront sensing from a laser guide star. We name these three concepts 'None', 'NGS only', and 'LGS + NGS', respectively. Following a thorough investigation into the error sources of the AO system, we predict the root mean square (RMS) wavefront error of the system and its corresponding Strehl ratio over nine analysis cases over the worst ($2{\sigma}$) seeing conditions. From the analysis, we expect Strehl ratio >0.3 in most seeing conditions with guide stars.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.205-210
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• 2014

This is concerned with the technology to display the design on Porcelain and adjust malfunction for moving effect and light intensity by curator. More precisely, the technology makes it possible that the porcelain is connected to Light module which is the device for controlling light emission and rotating rolling plate, etc that are connected to LED light module, optical fiber and controller that is for scenario from the given storytelling. In addition, with a WiFi portable device (Smart-phone, other mobile device). equipped with a scenario programs, information for operation, failure and malfunction can be obtained and analyzed in real-time, and menu color and alarm is alerted when the displaying design is in abnormal status, which makes the early reactions to the status. Furthermore, the collected data can be sent through WiFi network to the device and PC managed by the curator specialized in managing the design on the Porcelain, thus the technology could help the curator who have less knowledge about moving pattern on the Porcelain. There is always a possibility of malfunction due to various condition that are caused by wring-harness when modules are wired-connected. In this research, in order to overcome this problem, we propose a system configuration that can do monitoring and diagnosis with a device for collecting data from LED control module, Light emission sensor and a personal WiFi device. Also, we performed connection between optical Fiber and LED and interlock for the system defined by the definition for information and storytelling scenario.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

We proposed the new method to estimate the blood pressure with the differential value of the digital arterial pulse waveform and BP relation equation. To get the digital arterial pulse waveform, we use the arterial pulse waveform measurement system that has digital air-pressure sensor device and smart phone. The acquired digital arterial pulse waveforms are classified as hypertension group, normal group, and hypotension group, and we can derive the average differential value between the highest point and lowest point of a single waveform of individuals along with the group. In this study, we found the functional correlation between the blood pressure and differential value as a form of BP relation equation through the regression process on the average of differential value and blood pressure value from a tonometer. The Experimental results show the BP relation equation can give easy blood pressure estimation method with a high accuracy. Although this estimation method has over 66 % error rate and does not give the high level of the accuracy for the diastolic compares to the commercial tonometer, the estimation results for the systolic show the high accuracy that has less than 10 % error rate.

• 대한방사선치료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.13-17
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• 2005

Introduction : For stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of a tumor in the region whose movement due to respiration is significant, like Lung lower lobe, the gated therapy, which delivers radiation dose to the selected respiratory phases when tumor motion is small, was peformed using the Respiratory gating system and its clinical effectiveness was evaluated. Methode and Materials : For two SRS patients with a tumor in Lung lower lobe, a marker block (infrared reflector) was attached on the abdomen. While patient' respiratory cycle was monitored with Real-time Position Management (RPM, Varian, USA), 4D CT was performed (10 phases per a cycle). Phases in which tumor motion did not change rapidly were decided as treatment phases. The treatment volume was contoured on the CT images for selected treatment phases using maximum intensity projection (MIP) method. In order to verify setup reproducibility and positional variation, 4D CT was repeated. Result : Gross tumor volume (GTV) showed maximum movement in superior-inferior direction. For patient $\#$1, motion of GTV was reduced to 2.6 mm in treatment phases ($30\%\~60\%$), while that was 9.4 mm in full phases ($0\%\~90\%$) and for patient $\#$2, it was reduced to 2.3 mm in treatment phases ($30\%\~70\%$), while it was 11.7 mm in full phases ($0\%\~90\%$). When comparing two sets of CT images, setup errors in all the directions were within 3 mm. Conclusion : Since tumor motion was reduced less than 5 mm, the Respiratory gating system for SRS of Lung lower lobe is useful.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1914-1924
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• 2014

In this paper, a small-area cell array method of reducing number of SL drivers requiring large layout areas, where the SL drivers supplying programming currents are routed in the row direction in stead of the column direction for eFuse OTP memory IPs having less number of rows than that of columns such as a cell array of four rows by eight columns, and a core circuit are proposed. By adopting the proposed cell array and core circuit, the layout area of designed 32-bit eFuse OTP memory IP is reduced. Also, a V2V ($=2V{\pm}10%$) regulator necessary for RWL driver and BL pull-up load to prevent non-blown eFuse from being blown from the EM phenomenon by a big current is designed. The layout size of the designed 32-bit OTP memory IP having a cell array of four rows by eight columns is 13.4% smaller with $120.1{\mu}m{\times}127.51{\mu}m$ ($=0.01531mm^2$) than that of the conventional design with $187.065{\mu}m{\times}94.525{\mu}m$ ($=0.01768mm^2$).

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.411-420
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• 2017

In this paper, two methods of making the Pd-added $SnO_2$ ($Pd-SnO_2$) powder with pure tetragonal phase by the hydrazine method were suggested and compared in terms of crystal structure, surface morphology, and alcohol gas response. One of the addition methods is to use $PdCl_2$ as a Pd source, the other is to use Pd-based organic with oleylamine (OAM). When Pd concentration was increased from 0 to 5 wt%, the average grain size of $Pd-SnO_2$ made with Pd-OAM were decreased from 32 to 12 nm. In the case of using with $PdCl_2$, grain size of the $PdCl_2$ fell to less than 10 nm. However, agglomerated and extruded surface morphology was observed for the films with Pd addition over 4 wt%. The crack-free $Pd-SnO_2$ thick films were able to successfully fill the $30{\mu}m$ gap of patterned Pt electrodes by optimized ink dropping method. Also, the 2 wt% $Pd-SnO_2$ thick film made with PdCl2 showed gas responses ($R_{air}/R_{gas}$) of 3.7, 5.7 and 9.0 at alcohol concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, the prepared 3 wt% $Pd-SnO_2$ thick film with Pd-OAM exhibited very excellent responses of 3.4, 6.8 and 12.2 at the equivalent measurement conditions, respectively. The 3 wt% $Pd-SnO_2$ thick film with Pd-OAM has a specific surface area of $31.39m^2/g$.