• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.9B
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• pp.847-856
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• 2009

In geographic routing for wireless sensor networks, sources need the location of sinks destined for delivering their data packets. Most of the existing geographic routing protocols merely assume that the sources can get the locations of sinks by some location service. How source nodes find out the location of sinks is not easy. In this paper, we propose a sink location dissemination scheme in geographic routing for wireless sensor networks. In this scheme, a source node and a sink node send sink location announcement and query messages along two paths respectively by geographic routing. The node located on the crossing point of the two paths informs the source about the sink location. Then the source can send data packet to the sink by geographic routing. How to guarantee that these two paths have at least one crossing point in any irregular profile of sensor network is the challenge of this paper Simulation results show that our protocol is significantly superior to other protocols in terms of energy consumption and control overhead.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.111-119
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• 2007

Sensor networks are needed for special purposes such as collecting or transmitting information by using sensor devices, for which various routing protocols have been proposed. Among existing protocols, the modified PEGASIS routing technique is known to be effective when applied to cases with directional transmissions of data. However it does not consider recovery from errors or guaranteeing stability in data transmission, while sensor devices performing repetitive relays and controls are prone to errors. In this paper, a double relay routing protocol for Zigbee based sensor networks where data are transfered reliably with a linear direction. The proposed protocol is effective in the sense that it secures the relaible transmission of data with minimal energy consumption based on a directional data transfer. A streetlight control system has been presented as an application of the proposed protocol.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2016

In Wireless Sensor Network, various routing protocols were employed by our Research and Development community to improve the energy efficiency of a network as well as to control the traffic by considering the terms, i.e. Packet delivery rate, the average end-to-end delay, network routing load, average throughput, and total energy consumption. While maintaining network connectivity for a long-term duration, it's necessary that routing protocol must perform in an efficient way. As we discussed Optimized Link State Routing protocol between all of them, we find out that this protocol performs well in the large and dense networks, but with the decrease in network size then scalability of the network decreases. Whenever a link breakage is encountered, OLSR is not able to periodically update its routing table which may create a redundancy problem. To resolve this issue in the OLSR problem of redundancy and predict link breakage, an enhanced protocol, i.e. S-OLSR (More Scalable OLSR) protocol has been proposed. At the end, a comparison among different existing protocols, i.e. DSR, AODV, OLSR with the proposed protocol, i.e. S-OLSR is drawn by using the NS-2 simulator.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2016

Studies have been made for the wireless sensor network protocols by a number of researchers to date. In particular, the studies as to the hierarchical protocol LEACH algorithm was concentrated. Various studies have been derived for the performance of the protocol is based on the LEACH protocol have been made. Improved algorithms have been proposed continuously. On the other hand, The performance comparison and evaluation of the improved algorithm is insufficient. Therefore, we compared the performance for the ML-LEACH (Multi Hop-Layered) and DL-LEACH (Dual Hop-Layered) been derived mainly LEACH. scalability, energy consumption, CH elected, network lifetime were selected as a Performance evaluation items.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

The most important factor in the wireless sensor network is the use of effective energy and increase in lifetime of the individual nodes in order to operate the wireless network more efficiently. For this purpose, various routing protocols have been developed. The LEACH such a protocol, well known among typical cluster routing protocols. However, when a cluster head is selected, the energy consumption may not be equal because it does not take into account the energy of the nodes. In this paper, we seek to improve the cluster head selection method according to residual energy of each sensor node. This method then adaptively applies the LEACH algorithm and the cluster head section algorithm with consideration of node energy in accordance with the energy of the whole sensor field. Through the simulation, it was found that this proposed algorithm was effective.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1187-1208
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• 2022

One of the main goals of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is to utilize the energy of sensor nodes effectively and maximize the network lifetime. Thus, this paper proposed a routing protocol for WSNs based on virtual force disturbing mobile Sink node (VFMSR). According to the number of sensor nodes in the cluster, the average energy and the centroid factor of the cluster, a new cluster head (CH) election fitness function was designed. At the same time, a hexagonal fixed-point moving trajectory model with the best radius was constructed, and the virtual force was introduced to interfere with it, so as to avoid the frequent propagation of sink node position information, and reduce the energy consumption of CH. Combined with the improved ant colony algorithm (ACA), the shortest transmission path to Sink node was constructed to reduce the energy consumption of long-distance data transmission of CHs. The simulation results showed that, compared with LEACH, EIP-LEACH, ANT-LEACH and MECA protocols, VFMSR protocol was superior to the existing routing protocols in terms of network energy consumption and network lifetime, and compared with LEACH protocol, the network lifetime was increased by more than three times.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5354-5369
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• 2019

Sensor networks are deployed in unheeded environment to monitor the situation. In view of the unheeded environment and by the nature of their communication channel sensor nodes are vulnerable to various attacks most commonly malicious packet dropping attacks namely blackhole, grayhole attack and sinkhole attack. In each of these attacks, the attackers capture the sensor nodes to inject fake details, to deceive other sensor nodes and to interrupt the network traffic by packet dropping. In all such attacks, the compromised node advertises itself with fake routing facts to draw its neighbor traffic and to plunge the data packets. False routing advertisement play vital role in deceiving genuine node in network. In this paper, behavior based routing misbehavior detection (BRMD) is designed in wireless sensor networks to detect false advertiser node in the network. Herein the sensor nodes are monitored by its neighbor. The node which attracts more neighbor traffic by fake routing advertisement and involves the malicious activities such as packet dropping, selective packet dropping and tampering data are detected by its various behaviors and isolated from the network. To estimate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, Network Simulator 2.34 is used. In addition packet delivery ratio, throughput and end-to-end delay of BRMD are compared with other existing routing protocols and as a consequence it is shown that BRMD performs better. The outcome also demonstrates that BRMD yields lesser false positive (less than 6%) and false negative (less than 4%) encountered in various attack detection.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The ubiquitous computing system is expected to be widely utilized in digital home, logistics control, environment/disaster management, medical/health-care services and other applications. The ubiquitous sensor network (USN) is a key infra-structure of this system. Nodes in the USN are exposed to adverse environments and required to perform their missions with very limited power supply only. Also the sensor network is composed of much more nodes. In case some node consumes up its power capacity under a certain required level, the network topology should change and re-routing/ re-transmission of data is necessitated. Resultantly communication protocols studied for conventional wireless networks or ad-hoc networks are not suitable for the sensor network. Schemes should be devised to control the efficient usage of node power in the sensor network. This paper proposes a routing algorithm to enhance the efficiency of power consumption for USN node and analyzes its performance by simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.410-415
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• 2007

Recent advances in sensor network technology have open up challenges for its effective routing. Routing protocol receives most of the attention because routing protocols might differ depending on the application and network architecture. In the rapidly changing environment and dynamic nature of network formation efficient routing and energy consumption are very crucial. Sensor networks differ from the traditional networks in terms of energy consumption. Thus, data-centric technologies should be used to perform routing to yield an energy-efficient dissemination. By exploiting the advantages of both ant colony optimization techniques in network routing and the ability of data centric muting to organize data for delivery, our approach will cover features for building an efficient autonomous sensor network.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2013

Maintenance Access Hatches are used to ensure urban safety and aesthetics while facilitating the management of power lines, telecommunication lines, and gas pipes. Such facilities necessitate affordable and effective surveillance. In this paper, we propose a FiCHS (Fixed Cluster head centralized Hierarchical Static clustering) routing protocol that is suitable for underground maintenance hatches using WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) technology. FiCHS is compared with three other protocols, LEACH, LEACH-C, and a simplified LEACH, based on an ns-2 simulation. FiCHS was observed to exhibit the highest levels of power and data transfer efficiency.