• Title/Summary/Keyword: sensitive period

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Biological Effect and Chemical Composition Variation During Self-Fermentation of Stored Needle Extracts from Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.

  • Paudyal, Dilli P.;Park, Ga-Young;Hwang, In-Deok;Kim, Dong-Woon;Cheong, Hyeon-Sook
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.313-322
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    • 2007
  • Extract of Japanese red pine needles has been used in Asia pacific regions since long periods believing its valuable properties as tonic and ability of curing diseases of unidentified symptoms. Some selective compounds present in the extract and their effects were analyzed. Carbohydrates and vitamin c were identified using HPLC; terpenoid compounds by GC-MS; anti-bacterial analysis by paper discs, plates count and gastrointestinal motility by whole cell patch clamp. The extract is a mixture of compounds therefore its diverse effect was expected. Self-fermentation in extract proceeds after spontaneous appearance of yeast strains without inoculation. Effects and composition of the extract vary with varying period of self-fermentation. Extract inhibits the growth of bacteria dose dependently exhibiting its antibacterial properties however effectiveness increases with increase in fermentation period. The extract also can modulate gastrointestinal motility in murine small intestine by modulating pace maker currents in ICC mediated through ATP sensitive potassium channel.

Effects of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Sludge Biodegradability (초음파 전처리에 의한 슬러지 생분해성 영향 평가)

  • Kim, Ju-Hyun;Lee, Kang-Hoon;Nguyen, Hai;Yeom, Ick-Tae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.611-616
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    • 2011
  • The impacts of ultrasonic pretreatment on the biodegradability of domestic sewage sludge were evaluated through a series of anaerobic digestion experiments in batch system. The gas and methane production from the sludge samples pretreated by an ultrasonic tool with different durations were measured with time. Although the biogas production increased with the extent of sludge solubilization and the period of ultrasonic pretreatment, the enhancement of sludge biodegradability was much more sensitive to the pretreatment for the relatively short periods. Most of the enhanced biodegradability by the pretreatment was appeared in the early stage of anaerobic digestion, less than 6 days. The maximum biogas production per day was observed between 4 to 6 days when the sludge was pretreated less than 10 minutes while it was obtained in the beginning for the sludge pretreated longer periods. The results suggest that the repeated alternation of low strength ultrasonic pretreatment and anaerobic digestion may be more effective than the combination of one time pretreatment for a relatively long period and following anaerobic digestion.

Analysis of Kronecker Sequence with Partial-Period Correlation in a Multiple-dwell Serical Serarch System (복수적분 시구간 직렬탐색 시스템에서 부분 상관기를 이용한 Kronecker 부호의 특성 분석)

  • 임연주;박상규
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.25 no.8B
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    • pp.1333-1340
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    • 2000
  • This paper shows that the Kronecker sequence, the rapid acquisition spreading code, can be used in packet wireless data communication systems. The general properties of the Kronecker sequence such as construction and correlation characteristics are described, and it is shown that the Kronecker sequence can use a partial-period correlation for a faster acquisition. Based on above Properties, it can be expected that the Kronecker sequence can be used in packet communication systems because the probability of false alarm for the Kronecker sequence is lower and flatter(that is, less sensitive to Ec/No variations) than that for the PN sequence under the assumption that both sequences have the same acquisition time.

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Fragility assessment for electric cabinet in nuclear power plant using response surface methodology

  • Tran, Thanh-Tuan;Cao, Anh-Tuan;Nguyen, Thi-Hong-Xuyen;Kim, Dookie
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.51 no.3
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    • pp.894-903
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    • 2019
  • An approach for collapse risk assessment is proposed to evaluate the vulnerability of electric cabinet in nuclear power plants. The lognormal approaches, namely maximum likelihood estimation and linear regression, are introduced to establish the fragility curves. These two fragility analyses are applied for the numerical models of cabinets considering various boundary conditions, which are expressed by representing restrained and anchored models at the base. The models have been built and verified using the system identification (SI) technique. The fundamental frequency of the electric cabinet is sensitive because of many attached devices. To bypass this complex problem, the average spectral acceleration $S_{\bar{a}}$ in the range of period that cover the first mode period is chosen as an intensity measure on the fragility function. The nonlinear time history analyses for cabinet are conducted using a suite of 40 ground motions. The obtained curves with different approaches are compared, and the variability of risk assessment is evaluated for restrained and anchored models. The fragility curves obtained for anchored model are found to be closer each other, compared to the fragility curves for restrained model. It is also found that the support boundary conditions played a significant role in acceleration response of cabinet.

Notification of Terminal Status and Advance Care Planning in Patients with Cancer

  • Lee, Si Won
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.42-49
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    • 2022
  • As population aging increases the burden of cancer, the quality of death of patients with cancer is emerging as an important issue alongside their quality of life. To improve the quality of death, it is necessary to prepare for death, allowing patients to die comfortably and with dignity at the end. Considering these issues, I aim to discuss the practical aspects of notifying the patient of the terminal phase of cancer and planning for end-of-life care (i.e., advance care planning). When cancer treatment that can extend the patent's lifespan becomes difficult, the patient enters a treatment transition period. Treatment is shifted from life-prolonging care to life-enhancing care, and end-of-life care must be well planned. Medical providers often worry too much about whether the patient will be disappointed or psychologically traumatized when notified of the terminal phase of their cancer, thus delaying plans for end-of-life care. In fact, patients can accept their condition and prepare for end-of-life care better than we expect. During the treatment transition period, notification of terminal status should be given, and a well-prepared advance care plan should be established early when the patient has decision-making ability. In addition to conveying information, it is always necessary to be sensitive to whether the patient and caregiver understand the information and respond to their emotions.

How Consignment Should be Implemented to be an Effective Supply Chain Collaboration Program?

  • Chungsuk RYU
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.17-25
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: This study observes how the consignment performs over time and proposes the proper way to operate the consignment to bring its best benefit to the supply chain system. Research design, data, and methodology: The supply chain system is represented as the mathematical model where a manufacturer and a retailer trade one type of products to maximize their own profits. In the numerical examples of the proposed models, the consignment is compared with the fully coordinated system as well as the traditional system, and both advantages and limitations of the consignment are detected. Results: The consignment makes greater profit than the traditional system after a certain time period. The consignment is still outperformed by the fully coordinated system. The numerical examples also show that the performance of the consignment is sensitive to the consignment ratio. Conclusions: This study finds out that a certain time period must be spent until the consignment brings the benefit to the supply chain system. The numerical outcomes also imply that the consignment requires additional features to be a completely effective supply chain collaboration program. To obtain the best result from the consignment, the supply chain members are recommended to decide the appropriate consignment ratio by consent.

Plant growth and fruit enlargement among different watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars in continuous chilling night temperature conditions (지속적인 야간 저온에 의한 수박 품종별 식물체 생장 및 과실 비대 양상)

  • Oak Jin Lee;Hee Ju Lee;Seung Hwan Wi;Tae Bok Kim;Sang Gyu Kim;Won Byoung Chae
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.486-494
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    • 2021
  • Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is sensitive to low temperature and shows retarded growth under 10℃. Although early transplanting guarantees higher returns, it requires cost and labor to maintain the appropriate temperature for plant growth. Therefore, cultivars tolerant to chilling stress is necessary to reduce the cost and labor requirements. The purpose of this study is to analyze data on plant growth and fruit enlargement under continuous chilling night temperature to develop new cultivars tolerant to chilling temperature. Two cultivars expected to have chilling tolerance and another cultivar sensitive to chilling temperature were grown in greenhouses with chilling and optimal night temperature conditions. In the early growth stage after transplanting, the cultivars expected to have chilling tolerance showed better vine length, fresh weight and dry weight. However, one of the tolerant cultivars showed significantly lower vine length, leaf length and width, and petiole length than the sensitive cultivar during pollination period and later growth stage, showing genotype specific responses. The fruit length, width, and weight were also significantly lower in the tolerant cultivar. The fruit set ratio was significantly higher in the chilling sensitive cultivar than the two tolerant cultivars. These results suggest that the present chilling tolerant cultivars in watermelon were selected based on their performance in the early growth stage, and further studies on chilling tolerance in different growth and development stages are required to develop cultivars adapted to various forcing cultivation systems.

The Study on 'Wan-Yue' Style of Wen·Li's the Poetry in the Wan-Tang Period (만당(晩唐) 온(溫)·이(李) 시(詩)에 나타난 완약성(婉約性) 초탐(初探))

  • 김현주;배경진
    • Journal of Sinology and China Studies
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    • v.81
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    • pp.41-62
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    • 2019
  • The Wan-Tang(晩唐) period was the time of political and social gloom. This background gave the poets deep thought and sorrow. Therefore, the poets were so emotional that they displayed sensitive and delicate strokes. The poets of this period made metaphorical and symbolic expressions to escape from the gloomy reality and created poems with a sweet mood. They wrapped their sufferings and sorrows in a gentle and beautiful way. In particular, Tingyun,Wen(溫庭筠) and Shangyin,Li(李商隱) were the representative poets of this period. They wrote poems using colorful and soft expressions to escape the dark realities. Their Wan-Yue(婉約) style was also the result of learning the splendor and beauty of the Qi(齐) and Liang(梁) period, meanwhile they were building their own aesthetic art world, which is different from the splendor of the the Qi(齐) and Liang(梁) period. Therefore, this study used poems by Tingyun,Wen(溫庭筠) and Shangyin,Li(李商隱) as analysis targets, and studied 'Wanyue(婉約)' style that appear in Wan-tang(晩唐) period. The 'Wanyue(婉約)' style wasn't just the originality of the 'Ci(詞)'. We found that the time of the cross between poetry and 'Ci(詞)' was formed from a common social and literary background and the creative psychology of poets.

An Image Encryption Scheme Based on Concatenated Torus Automorphisms

  • Mao, Qian;Chang, Chin-Chen;Wu, Hsiao-Ling
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.7 no.6
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    • pp.1492-1511
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    • 2013
  • A novel, chaotic map that is based on concatenated torus automorphisms is proposed in this paper. As we know, cat map, which is based on torus automorphism, is highly chaotic and is often used to encrypt information. But cat map is periodic, which decreases the security of the cryptosystem. In this paper, we propose a novel chaotic map that concatenates several torus automorphisms. The concatenated mechanism provides stronger chaos and larger key space for the cryptosystem. It is proven that the period of the concatenated torus automorphisms is the total sum of each one's period. By this means, the period of the novel automorphism is increased extremely. Based on the novel, concatenated torus automorphisms, two application schemes in image encryption are proposed, i.e., 2D and 3D concatenated chaotic maps. In these schemes, both the scrambling matrices and the iteration numbers act as secret keys. Security analysis shows that the proposed, concatenated, chaotic maps have strong chaos and they are very sensitive to the secret keys. By means of concatenating several torus automorphisms, the key space of the proposed cryptosystem can be expanded to $2^{135}$. The diffusion function in the proposed scheme changes the gray values of the transferred pixels, which makes the periodicity of the concatenated torus automorphisms disappeared. Therefore, the proposed cryptosystem has high security and they can resist the brute-force attacks and the differential attacks efficiently. The diffusing speed of the proposed scheme is higher, and the computational complexity is lower, compared with the existing methods.

Effects of liposomal-curcumin on five opportunistic bacterial strains found in the equine hindgut - preliminary study

  • Bland, S.D.;Venable, E.B.;McPherson, J.L.;Atkinson, R.L.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.59 no.6
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    • pp.15.1-15.5
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    • 2017
  • Background: The horse intestinal tract is sensitive and contains a highly complex microbial population. A shift in the microbial population can lead to various issues such as inflammation and colic. The use of nutraceuticals in the equine industry is on the rise and curcumin is thought to possess antimicrobial properties that may help to minimize the proliferation of opportunistic bacteria. Methods: Four cecally-cannulated horses were utilized to determine the optimal dose of liposomal-curcumin (LIPC) on reducing Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex (SBEC), Escherichia coli K-12, Escherichia coli general, Clostridium difficile, and Clostridium perfringens in the equine hindgut without adversely affecting cecal characteristics. In the first study cecal fluid was collected from each horse and composited for an in vitro, 24 h batch culture to examine LIPC at four different dosages (15, 20, 25, and 30 g) in a completely randomized design. A subsequent in vivo $4{\times}4$ Latin square design study was conducted to evaluate no LIPC (control, CON) or LIPC dosed at 15, 25, and 35 g per day (dosages determined from in vitro results) for 9 days on the efficacy of LIPC on selected bacterial strains, pH, and volatile fatty acids. Each period was 14 days with 9 d for acclimation and 5 d withdrawal period. Results: In the in vitro study dosage had no effect ($P{\geq}0.42$) on Clostridium strains, but as the dose increased SBEC concentrations increased (P = 0.001). Concentrations of the E. coli strain varied with dose. In vivo, LIPC's antimicrobial properties, at 15 g, significantly decreased (P = 0.02) SBEC when compared to 25 and 35 g dosages. C. perfringens decreased linearly (P = 0.03) as LIPC dose increased. Butyrate decreased linearly (P = 0.01) as LIPC dose increased. Conclusion: Further studies should be conducted with a longer dosing period to examine the antimicrobial properties of curcumin without adversely affecting cecal characteristics.