• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2013

Purpose: Maxillary sinus elevation has been widely used to enable insertion of endosseous implants in severely resorbed maxilla. Maxillary sinusitis after this procedure was considered to be the major drawback, therefore, preoperative evaluation of paranasal sinus is considered to be important. In order to evaluate the condition of the sinus, we used Waters' projection. In this study, asymptomatic patients were evaluated by Waters' view, and compared to timing to assess the sinus cavity. Methods: The retrospective study was based on 14 patients who were performed sinus elevation surgery in Seoul National University Dental Hospital. These patients did not show any signs of maxillary sinusitis. These patients were taken Waters' view at preoperative, postoperative 1 day, 3 months, 6 months. In Waters' view, presence of air fluid level, radiopacity of sinus wall, or radiopacity of entire maxillary sinus were evaluated. The density, and sinus dimension changes were assessed using Adobe Photoshop CS5$^{(R)}$ (Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). Results: Findings of Waters views in patients with clear maxillary sinus at preoperative time were followed by elevated sinus floor with transplanted bone, mucosal swelling, and air fluid level. At postoperative 3 months, and 6 months, the radiographic findings were similar to preoperative state. By contrast, patients with preoperative mucosal swelling, or haziness in sinus cavity showed radiopacity entire sinus in Waters' view. In cases of the patients who were treated with simultaneous treatment to mucosal swelling, good status of sinus cavity were found. Conclusion: Although Waters' projections provide the limited information, and is less sensitive method compared with computed tomography, it is simple, easy, and economical method to assess of maxillary sinus. We suggest using Waters' view as radiographic routine tool for evaluation of sinus condition, especially in the sinus elevation surgery.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.49-63
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• 1997

This study was performed to provide preliminary data for the development of a useful instrument to measure the effect of sex education. The study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 155 college students enrolled in the course "Sexuality and Relationship" at Y university in Seoul. At the end of that course, they were asked to write freely about the change they had experienced on sexuality. All meaningful statements were elicited and classified into 7 categories; "Change of Knowledge", "Enlightenment", "Change of Attitude on Sexuality", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of. Identity", "Change of Emotion", "Change of Behavior:' There were significant changes in the areas of knowledge(28. 6%), enlightenment(27.4%), and attitudes(20.3%) about sexuality among these 7 categories. The Change of Knowledge category consists of 3 areas: "concretion of knowledge", "increase of information", and "correction of misunderstanding." In the category of Enlightenment, total 12 areas are included: "sex role", "erception of lack of knowledge", "importance of family", "life plan", "parent role", "value of life", "equality", "sexual autonomy", "importance of sexuality", "freedom of sexuality", "perception of sexual problem", and "meaning of love." The Attitude Change category consists of 8 areas. These are "being natural", "being progressive", "being sensitive", "being truthful", "being expressive", "being cautious", "being responsible", and "being confident". The category of Buildup of Ability includes 4 areas: "problem solving", "sex education", "relationship", and "communication". The category of Buildup of Identity includes "sexual identity", and "value of sexuality". The Emotional Change category includes 3 areas: "positive feeling", "negative feeling", and "breaking from negative feeling on sexuality". The Behavior Change category includes "sex-related behavioral change". In conclusion, up to now most researches on sex education effect measures only changes of knowledge, attitude, and behavior. But we believe the changes in "Enlightenment", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of Identity", "Change of Emotion", should be included in addition to knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the development of an instrument to measure the sex education effects. And the effect of sex education should measure the degree of learning of autonomy, enlightenment, and ability of behavior and so on rather than studying the simple changes in sexuality.enment", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of Identity", "Change of Emotion", should be included in addition to knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the development of an instrument to measure the sex education effects. And the effect of sex education should measure the degree of learning of autonomy, enlightenment, and ability of behavior and so on rather than studying the simple changes in sexuality.ng the simple changes in sexuality.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2018

This paper proposes Kalman Filter-based relative navigation algorithms for proximity tasks such as rendezvous/docking/cluster-operation of spacecraft using PSD Sensors and Infrared Beacon Modules. Numerical simulations are performed for comparative analysis of the performance of each relative-navigation technique. Based on the operation principle and optical modeling of the PSD Sensor and the Infrared Beacon Module used in the relative navigation algorithm, a measurement model for the Kalman filter is constructed. The Extended Kalman Filter(EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter(UKF) are used as probabilistic relative navigation based on measurement fusion to utilize kinematics and dynamics information on translational and rotation motions of satellites. Relative position and relative attitude estimation performance of two filters is compared. Especially, through the simulation of various scenarios, performance changes are also investigated depending on the number of PSD Sensors and IR Beacons in target and chaser satellites.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.180-192
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• 2002

We investigate the effect of the data skew of join attributes on the performance of a pipelined multi-way hash join method, and propose two new harsh join methods in the shared-nothing multiprocessor environment. The first proposed method allocates buckets statically by round-robin fashion, and the second one allocates buckets dynamically via a frequency distribution. Using harsh-based joins, multiple joins can be pipelined to that the early results from a join, before the whole join is completed, are sent to the next join processing without staying in disks. Shared nothing multiprocessor architecture is known to be more scalable to support very large databases. However, this hardware structure is very sensitive to the data skew. Unless the pipelining execution of multiple hash joins includes some dynamic load balancing mechanism, the skew effect can severely deteriorate the system performance. In this parer, we derive an execution model of the pipeline segment and a cost model, and develop a simulator for the study. As shown by our simulation with a wide range of parameters, join selectivities and sizes of relations deteriorate the system performance as the degree of data skew is larger. But the proposed method using a large number of buckets and a tuning technique can offer substantial robustness against a wide range of skew conditions.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.589-600
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• 2002

Deformable models offer an attractive approach for extracting three-dimensional boundary structures from volumetric images. However, conventional deformable models have three major limitations - sensitive to initial condition, difficult to represent complex boundaries with severe object concavities and protrusions, and self-intersective between model elements. This paper proposes a deformable model that is effective to extract geometrically complex boundary surfaces by improving away the limitations of conventional deformable models. First, the proposed deformable model resamples its elements hierarchically based on volume image pyramid. The hierarchical resampling overcomes sensitivity to initialization by extracting the boundaries of objects in a multiscale scheme and enhances geometric flexibility to be well adapted to complex image features by refining and regularizing the size of model elements based on voxel size. Second, the physics-based formulation of our model integrates conventional internal and external forces, as well as a non-self-intersecting force. The non-self-intersecting force effectively prevents collision or crossing over between non-neighboring model elements by pushing each other apart if they are closer than a limited distance. We show that the proposed model successively extracts the complex boundaries including severe concavities and protrusions, neither depending on initial position nor causing self-intersection, through the experiments on several computer-generated volume images and brain MR volume images.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.190-196
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• 2012

The human exposure of lead has usually detected the amount of lead in the whole blood, however, this method has a shortcoming to give the information on the short-term exposure to lead. In that sense, it is desirable to estimates the level of lead in plasma to draw the chronic bio-marker of lead exposure even though it is difficult to measure lead of several ng/L. An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was developed for determining lead in plasma as the chronic bio-marker of lead of workers. To minimize the contamination of lead from the environment, we constructed class 1,000 clean room and compared the amount of floating dust before and after the operation of the clean room. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of lead in fetal bovine serum were 4.3 ng/L and 12.2 ng/L by NIOSH method (statistical calculation method) and 7.0 ng/L and 22.1 ng/L by signal/noise ratio, respectively. The accuracy was in a range of 92.3-101.3%, and the precision of the assay was less than 4% in the samples spiked in the concentration of 20 ng/L and 2,000 ng/L. The method was simple, reproducible and sensitive enough to permit reliable analysis of lead to the ng/L level in plasma and/or serum. The method was also useful for the biological monitoring of chronic exposure to lead.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 1998

The present study was performed to check the viability of eggs, filariform larvae and adults of Strongvloines venezueLensis exposed to various conditions for an in vitro maintenance. The eggs in the feces remained viable for about 25 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and 15 days at room temperature. However, the isolated eggs in sterile saline lost their viability within 24 hr at $4^{\circ}C$. The eggs in morula stage were very sensitive to air drying and rapidly lost their viability (=12 hrs. Filariform larvae survived for a maximum period of 45 days in fecal suspension and 28 days in 0.12% nutrient broth in polyvinyl culture bags maintained at $20^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, those isolated from nutrient broth cultures survived for a maximum period of 32 days in tap water and 22 days in sterile saline at $20^{\circ}C$. The mature adult worms obtained from experimentally infected rats survived maximally for 9 days in serum supplemented (10% rat-serum) 0.12% nutrient broth and 4 days in serum free nutrient broth at $37^{\circ}C$ while the culture media were changed at an alternate day. The adult female worms deposited fertile eggs in serum supplemented and serum free nutrient broth cultures, however, the hatched larvae (Ll) were not able to develop to the filariform stage in the culture media and found to die within 24 hr of maintenance. The present findings on an in vitro maintenance of different stages of 5. uenezueLetis may provide useful information for biological and biochemical studies with Strongyloines species. Key words: Strongvloides venezuelensis. viability in vitro maintenance, free-living filariform larvae (L3), embryonation of eggs

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2007

Using switches and sensors informing the current on or off state, this paper suggests a sleeping control and remote monitoring system that not only can recognize the sleeping situations but also can control for keeping an appropriate sleeping situation remotely, And we show an example that this system is applied to the healthcare sleeping mat, Our system comprises the following 3 parts: a part for detecting the sleeping situations, a part for extracting sensing data and sending/receiving the relating situated data, and a part controlling and monitoring the all of sleeping situations. In details, in order to develop our system, we used the touch and pressure-sensitive sensors with On/Off functions for a purpose of the first part, The second part consists of the self-developed embedded board with the socket based communication as well as extracting real-time sensing data. And the third part is implemented by service modules for providing controlling and monitoring functions previously described. Finally, these service modules are implemented by the TMO scheme, one of real-time object-oriented programming models and the communications among them is supported using the TMOSM of distributed real-time middleware.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 1997

This study adapted OSL (Optimum Stimulation Level) to induce the customer's behavior, especially customer's fashion behavior. The purpose of the fashion advertisement was to accelerate the purchasing desire for the clothes by catching the customer's attention. OSL is one of the methods. OSL can satisfy customers' desires using the new stimulation that reveals a customer's individual characters. In general, women are more concern about fashion and sensitive to the clothes of new fashion than men. But nowadays, many of the men are also concern about their appearance and fashion. The differences between men and women in fashion behavior and in each factor, of OSL, especially a relationship between OSL factor and fashion behavior are researched in this study. Such differences analyzed to find the sources that can satisfy their various desires. This study was expected to provide good information to plan advertising strategy in unpredictable market situation. The subjects for this study were 308 male and female university students. Mehrabian and Russell (1974),s ASTS(Arousal Seeking Tendency Scale) was adapted to measure the OSL, and twenty questions regarding fashion leadership and clothing importance released by Kwon, Shin, Lee, are adapted to measure the fashion behavior. An ANOVA was used as statistical analyzing method to find out the difference between men and women in fashion behavior. The relationship between fashion behavior and difference between men and women in OSL factors were measured by MANOVA. Conclusions were as follows; 1. In consciousness degree of fashion leadership and clothing importance in the fashion behavior, women were higher than men. 2. There was a difference between men and women in OSL's each factors in "unusual stimuli" and "sensuality", but there is no significant statistical difference in factors of "change", "risk", "new environment". Therefore women are higher than men in the stimulation level of "unusual stimuli" and" sensuality". 3. Low element of OSL relating to fashion behavior is from "change" and "unusual stimuli". 4. For the relationship between OSL and fashion behavior, fashion leadership and clothing importance were recognized better in the group of higher level of "change" and "unusual stimuli" irrespective of sex. In the case of "change" which is one of OSL factors, High OSL groups were higher than low OSL groups in the consciousness level of the fashion leadership and clothing importance. In men's case, High OSL-Change groups were higher than Low OSL-Change groups in the fashion leadership, but there was no difference between two groups in the consciousness of the clothing importance. In the case of "Unusual Stimuli", High OSL groups were superior to Low OSL groups in the fashion leadership, but there was no significant difference between two groups in the clothing importance. In women's case, High OSL-Change groups were superior to Low OSL-Change groups. In the case of "Unusual Stimuli", High OSL groups were superior to Low OSL groups in the fashion leadership, but there was no difference between two groups in the clothing importance.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.815-824
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• 2004

In academic and/or practitioner literature, the assortment planning for fashion sensitive products is rarely systematically studied, and organized in an objective format. The purpose of this study was to develop a suggested assortment planning model for women's clothing retail buyers by integrating a conceptual assortment planning model and a practical-use assortment planning model, which are also developed in this study. In developing the conceptual model, this research categorized and organized the pieces of assortment planning activities illustrated in available literature. In developing the practical-use model, ten women's dress buyers from department stores and specialty stores were interviewed. The contents of the interview dictation were classified and summarized by concepts and variables. The summary was validated by the interviewees and recontextualized for the practical-use model. Five experts compared the conceptual and practical-use models, adjusted the discrepancies, and integrated into the suggested model. In addition, a questionnaire asking review of all functional activities of the suggested model was sent to interviewees to ascertain its validity. As the result, assortment planning process was determined at abstract level as the following: (a) recognize problem, (b) search for information, (c) evaluate qualitative value of product, (d) evaluate quantitative value of product, (e) plan product selection, and (f) plan sales.