• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.48-83
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• 1996

Our conclusions for function evaluation tools of Stroke patients are as follows. 1. Evaluating tools of Activities of Daily Living, Katz Index, Barthel Index, Modified Barthel Index have high validity and reliability because of ease of measuring, high accuracy, consistency, sensitivity and sufficient stastistics, but they mainly measure motor function except sense, mentation, language, and social conception. Therefore cerebrovascular disease and brain injury in trauma patients with lacked acknowledgement and sensation, we are not able to apply these tools. 2. PULSES Profile is a useful scale for measuring the patient's over-all status, upper and lower limb functions, sensory components, excretary functions, and intellectual and emotional adaptabilities. It is recognized as a good, useful tool to evaluate patient's whole function. 3. Motor Assessment Scale was designed to measure the progress of stroke patients. The scale was supplemented with upper arm function items. We believe that the Motor Assessment Scale could be a useful evaluation tool with inter-rater reliability ,test-retest reliability. 4. The existing evaluation tools, Katz Index, Barthel Index, Modified Barthel Index, PULSES Profile, Motor Assessment Scale, mainly measured the rehabilitational motor function of sequela of cerebrovascular patients. On the other hand CNS & INH stroke scale can measure cerebrovascular disease patient's neurologic deficits and over-all stautus, which are recognition ability, speech status, motor function, sensory function, activities of daily living. Those scales have been recognized as useful tools to measure function of cerebrovascular disease patients and have increased in use. 5. Every function evaluation tool was recognized to have some validity and inter-rater, test-retest reliability in items of each evaluation tool and total scores of each evaluation tools, but it is thought that none of these scales have been fully validated and proved reliable. Therefore afterward, the development of a highly reliable rating system may best be accomplished by a careful comparison of several tools, using the same patients and the same observers in order to choose the most reliable items from each. 6. Ideal evaluation tools must have the following conditions; (1) It should show the objective functional statues at the same time. (2) It should be repeated consecutively to know changed function status. (3) It should be easy to observe the treatment program. (4) It should have the same result with another rater to help rater exchange information with treatment team members. (5) It should be practical and simple. (6) The patient should not suffer from the observer.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 2012

Purpose: In this study, the changes in the shape of silicone hydrogel lenses, dryness of lens and objective/ subjective symptoms that could be induced by repeating dryness of lens and objective/subjective symptoms were investigated. Methods: After drying and rehydrating of silicone hydrogel lenses with different lens material and thickness for 4 times, their overall diameters and base curves were compared. Subjective symptoms, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUTs) and blinking rate were evaluated after wearing dehydrated silicone hydrogel lens. Results: Overall diameter and base curve increased in all tested silicone hydrogel lenses by repeating dryness and rehydration. The degree of change in over all diameter and base curve were variable on the material. There were irregular change of lens parameters in thicker lens. When the subjects wore silicone hydrogel lenses after drying and rehydrating, their NIBUTs were decreased and blink rates were increased regardless of lens material or thickness. In addition, repetitive drying of silicone hydrogel lenses affected the lens fitting. Therefore, subjective symptoms such as itching, pain, irritation, foreign body sensation, dryness tended to be increased. Conclusions: The results obtained from the study may suggest to develop durable silicone hydrogel contact lenses against dry environment since the changes in parameters of silicone hydrogel lens and the subjective discomfort were observed after repetitive drying and rehydration.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.46
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• pp.151-179
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyse the characteristics of the 1920s and 1930s to analyze the emotions of laughter in the popular culture, This period, such as the style of comic books, tools, and textures, has been influenced by the influence of the eodi, and it is in its way to establish the aesthetic aesthetics of the colonial Joseon Dynasty. In the pop culture of the 1920-30s, laughter was a new feeling in the gloomy atmosphere of colonial rule. It was the comic media that showed the sensation to the public, owned it, and injured it. Also, the comic book was an important period in which comic books were produced to produce quantitative and qualitative growth. The study explored how the comics interacted with other media in the 1920s and 30s. And the study analyzed what was selected in there. This can quickly explain how the comics gained, or how they obtained them. This shows how the comics gained, in a way, how they obtained laughter.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.535-550
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• 2016

Objective: To enhance user experience of the product by using "wow" materials and parts, a framework for participatory emotional design and evaluation was proposed and validated through a case study in this paper. Background: Customers in recent days value a product which provides new feeling and images they want to get while interacting with it beyond its function, quality, and usability. Since the product consists of various parts and materials, "wow" materials and parts which can affect the customer's feeling and emotions are the essential components for changing the user experience. Method: A framework for participatory and human sensibility ergonomic design was considered and applied on developing the aesthetically and emotionally affecting glass panels of changing colors. Design experts defined a target market for this multicolor glass panels and modified the existing designing goal. Constraints for this design modification were identified by market trend research and consulting with the company which owns the technology for checking out its feasibility. The company developed and provided prototype samples as well as their competing materials. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the emotional quality was conducted to validate whether the design goal was achieved successfully. Results: The target market for the developing materials was defined as finishing for the buildings. The designing goal was set as to feed new visual sensation of clean and colorful images. The emotional quality of two different types of multicolor glass panels and an ordinary unicolor panel were evaluated quantitatively with semantic differential method. Results showed that the emotion of the subjects for the multicolor glass panels can be abstracted into two dimensions; named 'colorfulness' and 'harmony'. It was found that the developed samples got higher scores in emotional quality for both dimensions compared to the ordinary one. Age was found to be a significant factor for evaluating the emotional quality of colorfulness. Conclusion and Applications: The proposed framework is a valid approach for enhancing the user experience of the product by participatory design of emotional materials and parts. This framework can be applied easily on the emotional design and evaluation of different materials and components.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.177-211
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate how portal users recognize the role and function of the portal as a press. Furthermore, this study aims to analyze the pattern of portal news use among portal users and their recognition about replies to news. For this, we conducted online survey of 1,036 people aged from 15 to 45, who used portal site at least once a week. As a result, most users(70.8%) agreed that portal news played a role as a press with other media. In addition, six out of ten agreed that portal news set the agenda of society. These results suggest that portal users think highly of the social impact and responsibility of portal in society. However, about 40 percent of respondents said that they did not trust in information shown in replies to news and many replies to news were written by albeit. Six out of ten thought that replies to news were written by intention. Therefore, to manage the quality of replies to news is necessary to secure the credibility of portal news. As respondents use portal news often, they tend to think that portals are convenient to use and their social impact is very large, at the same time considering their sensation and commercialization. On the other hand, as portal users use the internet often, they tend to think that portals are convenient to use and their social impact is immense. However, there was no significant relationship between income and portal users' recognition of portals as the press.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.360-369
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to help enhance the quality of life for women with urinary incontinence. Self-esteem, urinary symptoms, peak pressure and duration in seconds for vaginal contraction after pelvic muscles exercise were examined. Method: One-group pretest-posttest design was employed participants were 27 married women from G city. The instrument for this study were : the self-esteem scale developed by Rosenberg(1965). the Urinary Symptom Questionnaire, a subjective measurement of urinary incontinence, developed by Jackson et al.(1996) and the Perineometer used as an objective measurement of peak pressure and duration in seconds. Result: 1. Self-esteem showed significant improvement after the exercise (t=-3.832, p= .001). 2. Comparison of results before the pelvic muscles exercise and after showed that there was a statistically significant difference for several urinary symptoms including enuresis (t=2.833, p=.009), frequency of incontinence (t=2.964, p= .006), incontinence volume (t=2.280, p= .031), incontinence before getting to the restroom (t=3.035, p= .006), incontinence with no reason or feeling (t= 3.051, p= 005) burning sensation (t= 2.132, p=.043), and a sense of residual urine (t=2.267 p=.032). The mean scores showed improvement in the urinary symptoms of management of incontinence (M=$0.04{\pm}0.22$), daily frequency of incontinence management (M=$0.13{\pm}0.85$), urinary control (M=$0.15{\pm}0.86$), running to the restroom (M=$0.15{\pm}0.60$) incontinence caused by coughing or physical activities (M=$0.19{\pm}0.57$) and hesitancy (M=$0.07{\pm}0.55$). Overall urinary symptoms decreased significantly (t =3.073. p= .007). 3. Peak pressure showed an increase from a mean of $24.26{\pm}16.20mmHg$ before the exercise to a mean of $28.63{\pm} 17.79mmHg$ after (t=-2.399, p=.024). Duration in seconds also increased from a mean of $6.00{\pm}4.95sec$ to $9.15{\pm}5.83sec$ (t=-4.400, p= 000). Conclusion: These findings suggest that pelvic muscle exercise serves to decrease urinary problems, improve self-esteem and increase peak pressure and duration in seconds.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.177-186
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to report a case of a 51-year-old patient with Herpes zoster, whose symptoms were relieved within five weeks after the East-west medical combined treatment. Methods : A Herpes zoster patient with extreme pain around the right lower ribs and lower back was admitted into the Korean medicine hospital. Bee venom acupuncture was applied directly onto the site of pain and electroacupuncture was applied on $GV_6-BL_{20}$, inferior site of spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra-$BL_{21}$, $GV_5-BL_{22}$, $GV_4-BL_{23}$ six times a week. Moxibustion was applied on $BL_{49}$, $BL_{50}$, $BL_{51}$, $BL_{52}$, $GB_{25}$, $LR_{13}$ six times a week, and the patient took daily doses of herbal medicine and western medicines such as anticonvulsants, analgesics, antiepileptics. The patient's symptoms were evaluated with numeric rating scale(NRS) and neuropathic pain scale(NPS). Results : The results were as follows: 1. After the East-west medical combined treatment, the NRS grade decreased from 8 to 1. 2. On the neuropathic pain scale, the patient's symptoms changed from deep sharp pain and burning sensation to superficial dull pain and coldness. Sensitivity to touch, discomfort, and itchiness also decreased. Sudden attacks of pain appeared 14 to 21 days after onset, but disappeared after final treatment. Conclusions : The results of the above patient suggests that the East-west medical combined treatment may be effective for total remission of herpes zoster. Further research is needed to confirm such effects.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the nerve damage after tooth extraction and implant surgery, and to establish a predictive model for assessment and management of dysesthesia. In this questionnaire study, the subjects chosen for this study were 276 dentists who answered the questionnaire about dysesthesia after tooth extraction and implant surgery. The analysis of the results consist of the sex and age distribution, affected site, associated symptoms, rate and duration of the recovery. The results are summarized as follows. : 1. There were no significant difference between the sex and the dysesthesia. 2. The most common affected site was the mandibular region. In the group of the implant surgery, 100% affected the mandibular site. The tooth extraction group was 93.2% affected. 3. Pain was one of the most associated symptom with dysesthesia-46.5% of the tooth extraction and 44.8% of the implant surgery. 4. The recovery ratio was 72.3% in the tooth extraction, 71.8% in the implant surgery. Most of them, they recovered in $1{\sim}6$ months. In conclusion, most of dysesthesia may be recovered within 1 year. However, the possibility of persistent dysesthesia should not be neglected. Therefore, practitioners must discuss the possibility of nerve injury with their patients, and include this possibility in the consent forms. Various methods of monitoring recovery of sensation should be considered for objective assessment of prognosis. In addition, immediate referral to orofacial pain specialists can offer the patients an opportunity for more effective and noninvasive treatments.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2012

Mycobacterium szulgai is a rare nontuberculous mycobacterium found in Korea. It is an opportunistic pathogen and is usually isolated from patients with a history of alcoholism, chronic pulmonary disease, or an immunocompromising condition. We present here a case of M. szulgai isolated from a patient with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. A 54-year-old man was admitted with dyspnea and febrile sensation. He had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis which occurred 30 years earlier and treatment with anti-tuberculosis medication. His chest computed tomography scan showed cavitary consolidation in both upper lungs. A sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear was positive and anti-tuberculous medication was started. However, a polymerase chain reaction for mycobacterium tuberculosis was negative and anti-tuberculous medication was stopped. M. szulgai was isolated on 3 separate sputum and bronchial wash fluid AFB cultures. He was treated with clarithromycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol. After 1 month, a sputum AFB smear and culture became negative and no additional M. szulgai were isolated during a 16-month treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Impact of daylighting on the visual environment can improve occupant's well-being by providing visual comfort. Also, daylighting can save energy. However, glare from window can be a direct hazard to vision and can cause serious discomfort. Selecting glare source on a window plane is very important for evaluating discomfort glare from windows. But former glare indices can not identify the range of the glare source properly. In this study, difference in glare sensation with uniform and non-uniform glare sources are evaluated to identify the range of the glare source. The glare source was assumed as $120{\times}120[cm]$ window model. The window was divided into three parts with different luminance values. The experiment was conducted under 1[m], 1.5[m], 3[m] distance from the glare source. Two results were obtained from the experiments. First, the degree of discomfort glare increased as average window luminance increased. Second, the middle and lower part of the window plane can affect evaluation of discomfort glare as well as the upper part of the window plan. These results can be used for selecting the glare source in a window with non-uniform luminance.