• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.472-480
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• 2005

Purpose: Purpose of this study was to identify the effects on maternal role strain, maternal role confidence and maternal identity of a maternal role promotion program for mothers of premature infants. Method: A quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-and-post test was used to compare the two groups. The data were collected from 62 mothers from September 10. 2003 to August 30, 2004 at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU) located in S. city and K. city. The maternal role promotion program was provided three times during the period from two-three days after the baby's admission to 1 month after the baby's discharge. The instruments for measurement were the Perceived Role Difficulty & Steffensmeier Scale, Self Confidence Scale and Semantic Differential Scale. Data were analyzed by means of frequency, mean and SD, $x^2$-test and t-test. Results: There were significant differences in maternal role strain level between the experimental and control group (t=2.163, p=.035), in the maternal role confidence between the two groups(t=-5.645, p=.000) and in maternal identity between the two groups(t=-4.923, p=.000). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the maternal role promotion program had positive effects in decreasing maternal role strain levels and increasing maternal role confidence and maternal identity.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2004

최근에 친환경적성에 대한 사회적 관심이 높아짐에 따라 도로건설에 있어서도 주변자연 조건을 훼손을 최소화할 수 있는 터널에 대한 수요가 늘어나고 있고(2001년 12월 현재 전년대비 42.7% 증가), 터널의 연장도 장대화(일반적으로 연장 1km이상의 터널)되고 있다. 그러나 장대터널은 장시간동안 좁고 한정된 공간에서의 주행을 하게 되는 운전자의 심리적 불안감을 증가시키고 집중력과 주변지역으로부터의 외부정보 인지가 충분하지 않는 등 인적, 물적의 다양한 교통문제와 깊은 관련을 갖고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현재 개통 운영 중인 터널을 대상으로 조명색채에 따른 내부경관을 연구함으로서 터널 내부조명시설의 개선을 통한 주행 쾌적성의 증대효과를 기대할 수 있는 방안제시에 주 목적을 두고 있다. 본 연구에서는 조명색채에 대한 감성이미지를 나타내기 위한 형용사 선정을 위하여 컬러 플래닝 시스템(CPS)를 사용하였다. CPS는 인간의 감성 표현을 정의된 "용어"로 표현하고 이 "용어"는 "이미지 스케일"상에 검색되어 이에 결합된 "이미지 패널"로 특정의 색채로 지정되는 일련의 과정을 나타낸다. 그리고 이렇게 선정된 용어로 SD(Semantic Differential Scale)법을 이용하여 설문지를 작성하고, 요인분석을 통해 피실험자들의 의식구조를 파악하였다. 또한 LISREL을 이용하여 터널 내부경관의 '선호도'를 종속변수로 한 모형을 구축한 결과, 조명색채에 대한 경관선호도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 색채의 정서성과 기능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.537-547
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop the measurement of the fashion sensibility. The stimulus were 91 photos selected in fashion magazines and had dominant visual power under detail, color, texture and pattern in the elements of fashion design. The semantic differential scale was constructed bipolar 25 pairs. The obtained data were analyzed by cluster analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA and t-test. The results were as follows; 1. The hierarchical structure was combined a natural and interesting, sensitive and lovely fashion sensibility. 2. The constructing factors of fashion sensibility were found out as aesthetic value, maturity, character and femininity·masculinity.(total variance: 55.7%) 3. Fashion sensibility by elements of fashion design was significantly different regarding all factors. 4. Fashion sensibility by demographic variables sex, age, marriage, education, occupation and expenditure was significantly different regarding partial factors.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1017-1026
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• 1995

The purpose of the study was to 1) extend the cognitive categorization theory in an attempt to explain the effect of garment formality, Yin-Yang, and body type of children on impression formation, and 2) to understand teacher's attitudes toward children's school outfits. The experimental design was a $2^3$_full factorial design by 3 independent variables. The stimuli consisted of 8 color photographs and the semantic differential response scale was used to analyze the responses of 267 teachers of elementary school. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan' test and content analysis. Four factors emerged to account for dimensions of first impressions. These were sociability, potency, dynamics, and cooperation. Garment formality effected on impression of cooperation dimension. Garment Yin-Yang and children's body type effected on impression of social and dynamics dimensions.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.90-106
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• 1993

This study attempted to analyze the psychological impact of mentally retarded children on their normal siblings in the family. The data were collected from siblings of 130 mentally retarded children using a questionnaire with a semantic differential scale. ANOVA and simple correlation coefficient tests were employed to examine the relationship between the siblings’ self-concept and psychological frustration. The major results of the study are as following. 1. Female siblings showed a lower degree of self-concept than male siblings. 2. No significant relationship was found between self-concept and frustration stimuli. 3. Parent related frustration stimuli was no significantly different in sex age, siblings, religion, and retardation level of mentally retarded children. 4. Siblings related frustration stimuli was significantly related to only one item in sex. 5. Their peers related frustration stimuli while sex as well as religion was significantly related to only one item.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2009

This study aims for proposing improvement method for streetscape in a small and medium city of Korea. According to this purpose, in chapter 2, by inspecting conservation of street environment and streetscape, deduce the frame for analyzing streetscape in commercial district. In chapter 3, analyzing present condition and problems of selected streets in Pohang City, derive the primary factors to induce desirable streetscape through problems and their reason between the analyzed elements of building form. Analyzed elements are composed of floor elements, wall elements, ceiling elements. The detailed elements are pavement of road, street furniture, height of buildings, color and material of building and outdoor advertisements. In chapter 4, by conducting a questionnaire survey of pedestrians about street images -choosing impressive physical elements and the feeling of the street by the list of adjective of semantic differential scale- and the preference, propose the direction of improvement about streetscape in commercial district.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.631-646
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of visual evaluation about silhouette image. The specific objective were; 1) to construct of silhouette image evaluation instrument using semantic differential scale for the purpose of measuring the width and length; 2) to identify the factor structure of the silhouette; 3) to test the difference of visual perception to the silhouette as the variation of width; 4) to test the difference of visual perception to the silhouette as the variation of length; 5) to test interaction effect between width and length. The major finding were; For the visual evaluation of silhouette as shoulder width variatiorl, there were significant difference in hardness and softness factor. For the hard and soft image, we should express by variation of the shoulder width. For the visual evaluation of silhouette as skirt width variation, there were significant difference in attention factor. For the attensive image, we should express by variation of the skirt width. For the visual evaluation of silhouette as skirt length variation, there were significant difference in activity factor. For the active image, we should express by variation of the skirt length.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제3호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to investigate the utilization of the interior environment in hotel lobby and to grasp the requests of visitors. The significance of the study is to illustrate the present characters of hotel lobby and to offer the basic data for future hotel projects. The materials for this study has been collected through questionnaires garnered from six deluxe hotels in Cheju, and statistically analyzed by the semantic differential scale of L. E. Osgood. The conclusion of this study as follows . 1) Hotel lobby is used as waiting space for a short time and frequent use is four times a day. The lobby is used by the quest for meeting , waiting as a resting place while it serves as the visitor's meeting and resting place. 2) The user prefers the lobby's open space. It is desirable for the area of activity of a quests and visitors to have separate entrances. The space composition of the lobby is centrally located between the room and subsidiary equipment. The hotel lobby has needed of a method which promotes lobby image through a magnificent view of the outside.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.87-106
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• 2001

This study is to measure and evaluate the sensibility image for textile color and pattern design of woman's golfwear. Four-group colors and four patterns classified by a pracical survey on the market are presented. A questionnaire has 14 sensibility related words scaled by 7 point semantic differential method. The practical research is performed for 150 women screened by sensibility test for individual preference analysis based on the ages. Each subject is answered by a face-to-face interview method to improve survey's accuracy. For statistical results there are significant differences in treatment means of sensibility measurements according to the ages. Sensibility image for textile color and pattern design is significantly different according to individual character based on ages. In summary, this paper has proposed the sensibility image scale for textile color and pattern design of women's golfwears to satisfy individual sensibility according to ages. The results of this study can be effectively applied to develop textile color and pattern design based on human sensibility.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2004

In this paper the authors presents a new method, named FR-SERVQUAL, of evaluating perceived service quality in Public Sectors, using triangle fuzzy numbers and semantic differential scale. By conventional quantification methods, it is not easy to express the notion of a linguistic variables and customers' subjective judgements. In contrast to the conventional PZB methods which express the customers' perception of quality as a function of gap between the expected and perceived service, this paper suggests to use the ratio of the two. Through an application example, this paper shows that the current FR-SERVQUAL approach provides a more realistic way of measuring service quality compared to existing methods.