• 아동학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.39-58
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors associated with reporting intention and behavior in relation to child abuse among elementary school teachers in Korea based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. The Scale, which includes demographics, preparation level of training, school characteristics, reporting-related behavior, reporting intention, knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy, was used to collect the data. A total of 292 teachers provided data. The result of this study is as follows. First, even though the teachers had suspected the child abuse, 16.3% of them reported, whilst 83.7% of them did not. In terms of teachers' reporting intention, the vignettes of very serious cases were higher than the vignettes of less serious cases. The teachers' reporting intention of sexual abuse was the highest among the types of child abuse, and it was followed by physical abuse, neglect and emotional abuse. Second, knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy, all of these variables had positive impacts on teachers' reporting intention. Meanwhile, self-efficacy, reporting intention, and the support level of specialists also had positive impacts on reporting behavior. Additionally, women or postgraduate teachers had a higher possibility to make a report than men or undergraduate teachers. These findings suggest that increasing self-efficacy through education and more thorough training about identifying and reporting on child abuse is more important than anything else for detecting abused children at an early stage.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.505-512
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• 2020

Background: In monitoring exposure to environmental smoke (ETS), biomarkers can overcome the subjectivity and inaccuracy of self-reporting measurements, and have the advantage of reflecting ETS exposure in all places. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ETS exposure measurement using biomarkers such as urine cotinine. Methods: This study used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey data from 2009 to 2018. A total of 28,574 non-smokers with urine cotinine data were selected for the study. The cotinine concentration and ETS exposure rate using urine cotinine was estimated and then compared with the self-reporting measurements. The degree of agreement among measurements of ETS exposure was confirmed. Results: As a result of measuring ETS exposure with urine cotinine, 23,594 (83.8%) out of 28,574 subjects were classified as to exposure groups. This estimate differs significantly from measurements made by self-reporting. In addition, the average concentration of cotinine in non-smokers has decreased to a 10th level over the past 10 years. Based on the biomarker, the sensitivity of the self-reporting was 8.5%-29.0%, the specificity was 16.4%-19.5%, and the kappa value was 2.0%-5.8%. Conclusion: The findings of our study show that self-reporting measurement does not well reflect the extent to which non-smoker's exposure to smoking materials. Whereas cotinine concentration has decreased significantly over the past 10 years, the ETS exposure rate has not reduced. It strongly suggests the need for intervention in the group of non-smokers exposed to low concentrations of smoke. Therefore, an assessment using biomarkers such as cotinine-based measurement should be made in the Health Plan 2030.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2015

The Purpose of this study was to identify the educational effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation using a PC skill-reporting system on the knowledge, Self-efficacy and skill performance ability of nursing students. The Participants were 57 nursing students from G metropolitan city, an experimental group of 29 subjects, and a control group of 28 students who were randomly sampled. Data were collected from 3 to 12 July of, 2013, and theory education and skill exposure programs for the experimental and control groups were conducted for 60 min. three times a week. The, PC skill-reporting system was used only with the experimental group. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN version 20.0 using ${\chi}^2$-tests, Fisher's exact probability tests, paired t-tests and t-tests. In the comparison of the two groups, the knowledge(t=-2.39, p=.022), self-efficacy (t=-3.45, p<.001) and skill performance ability(t=-2.52, p=.012) of the experiment group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Therefore, the adoption of instructional methods using a PC skill-reporting system is required to maximize the effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6807-6812
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• 2013

Background: Lung cancer is a major cause of Korean female mortality and is clearly associated with smoking. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-2,3), which included both self-reports of smoking and urinary cotinine data, revealed a significant discrepancy between the prevalence of self-reported and biochemically-verified female smokers. The factors associated with accurate self-reporting of current smoking status remain poorly understood, however. Materials and Methods: We assessed the prevalence of smoking in KNHANES using both self-report and urinary cotinine data. Subsequently, using univariate and multivariate tests, we assessed whether age, intensity of smoking, marital status, relationship with cohabitants, education, occupation, residential area, or annual household income were associated with inaccurate self-reporting in Korean females. We also investigated whether the prevalence of inaccurate self-reports changed over the survey period, 2008-2009. Results: The prevalence of self-reported smoking was 47.8% in males and 6.6% in females. By contrast, the prevalence of smoking as assessed by urinary cotinine levels was 52.2% in males and 14.5% in females. Of the 746 females with urinary cotinine levels >50ng/ml, 407 (56.0%) provided inaccurate self-reports. In a multivariate model, age group(40-49: OR 3.54, 95%CI 1.42-8.86, p=0.007; ref :20-29), cotinine intensity(OR 0.999, 95%CI 0.998-0.999, p<0.001), marital status (married but without spouse: OR 0.37, 95%CI 0.15-0.94, p=0.037; ref :never married), relationship with cohabitants (living with a spouse and unmarried child: OR 2.63, 95%CI 1.44-4.80, p=0.002; living with 2 generations except unmarried child: OR 2.53, 95%CI 1.09-5.87, p=0.030; living with ${\geq}3$ generations: OR 3.25, 95%CI 1.48-7.10, p=0.003; ref :spouse only) and education(college or higher: OR 2.73, 95%CI 1.04-7.18, p=0.042; ref :elementary or less) were independently associated with inaccurate self-reports. Conclusions: The trend of smoking prevalence of Korean females is likely to decrease. However, an elevated prevalence of inaccurate self-reports by females remains. Factors related to the intensity of smoking and family status appear to influence whether a Korean female provides an accurate self-report when asked about smoking behavior.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.260-269
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting clinical nurses' attitude toward reporting child abuse. Methods: The participants in this study were 200 clinical nurses. Data were collected as structured self-report questionnaires through the online portal site for nurses from November 24 to December 7, 2021. The questionnaires included general characteristics, knowledge of child abuse reporting, perception of child abuse, moral sensitivity, and attitude toward reporting child abuse. The SPSS/WIN 25.0 program was used for data analysis which included descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression. Results: As knowledge of child abuse reporting, perception of child abuse and moral sensitivity were increased, the attitude toward reporting child abuse was significantly increased. Multiple regression analysis showed that knowledge of child abuse reporting (β=.32) and perception of child abuse (β=.21) were significant influencing factors of attitude toward reporting child abuse. Conclusion: These findings implied that knowledge of child abuse reporting and perception of child abuse would be related to attitudes toward reporting child abuse among clinical nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop education programs and public policies to improve the knowledge and perception of child abuse reporting among clinical nurses so that attitudes toward reporting child abuse can be improved.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.103-123
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate antecedents and consequences of perceived justice of performance appraisals, which is classified as distributive and procedural justice, in hospital organization. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, for distributive justice of performance appraisals, the influential factors are the pertinence of performance appraisal method, the opportunity of self-reporting, the availability of performance appraisal, and the feedback of performance appraisal. For the procedural justice of performance appraisals, they are the leadership style of performance appraisers, the ratee-rater exchange relationship, the pertinence of performance appraisal method, the opportunity of self-reporting, and the feedback of performance appraisal. Second, the perceived justice weakly affects outcome variables, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. By these results, the performance appraisal system needs to be changed in order to enhance distributive justice through the improvement of suitable methods of the performance appraisal, the opportunity of self-reporting, the availability of performance appraisal, and the feedback of performance appraisals. If it is difficult to increase the level of distributive justice due to the environmental restrictions in hospitals, the way to enhance the procedural justice more than the distributive one should be considered.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare professional (Pro) and non-professional (Non-pro) voice users with voice disorders in self-reporting voice evaluation using Korean-Voice Handicap Index (K-VHI) and Korean-Voice Related Quality of Life (K-VRQOL). In addition, those were compared by voice quality and voice disorder type. 94 Pro and 106 Non-pro were asked to fill out the K-VHI and K-VRQOL, perceptually evaluated on GRBAS scales, and divided into three types of voice disorders (functional, organic and neurologic) by an experienced speech-language pathologist and an otolaryngologist. The results showed that the functional (F) and physical (P) scores of K-VHI in Pro group were significantly higher than those in Non-pro group. As the voice quality evaluated by G scale got worse, the scores of all aspects except emotional (E) of K-VHI and social-emotional (SE) of K-VRQOL were higher. All scores of K-VHI and K-VRQOL in neurologic voice disorders were significantly higher than those in functional and organic voice disorders. In conclusion, professional voice users are more sensitive to their functional and physical handicap resulted by their voice problems and that goes double for the patients with severe and neurologic voice disorders.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2014

최근 재무제표분석을 통하여서 기업을 진단하려고 하는 다양한 학문적인 연구와 실질적인 적용이 실행되고 있다. 특히, 최근 새롭게 변경된 회계기준인 한국채택 국제회계기준(K-IFRS: Korea - International Financial Reporting Standards)에 따라서 제무제표분석에도 변화가 발생하고, 그에 따라서 기업 진단도 새롭게 변화되어야 하는 상황이 되었다. 이에 현재, 금융권에서도 관심을 갖고 있는 매출채권 처리의 변화에 따라서 발생하는 재무제표상의 진단 및 분석을 반영하여서 처리하는 새로운 진단모형의 필요성이 대두되었다. 특히, 최근 모뉴엘이라는 기업의 매출채권을 이용한 금융스캔들의 영향으로 이러한 연구가 더욱 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 매출채권은 일반적 상거래에서 발생하는 신용채권 으로서, 기업이 만기까지 보유하거나 만기 전에 양도가 가능한 금융 상품이다. 기업이 매출 채권을 할인하여 양도할 경우에 매출채권 할인을 매각거래로 처리하고, 할인료에 해당하는 금액을 매출채권처분 손실로 처리하며, 해당 거래를 우발 채무로 공시하였다. 그러나, K-IFRS 하에서는 모든 위험과 보상이 이전되지 않는 한 매출채권 할인을 차입거래로 인식한다. 이는 기업 부채의 증가로 기업가치에 영향을 미치게 된다, 이 논문에서는 매출채권 할인이 실질적으로 기업가치에 부정적인 영향을 미치는지 추정하는 지능형진단시스템을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 매출채권 할인이 주가에 미치는 영향을 인공지능기법인 사례기반추론(case based reasoning)과 자기조직화지도 (self-organizing maps)기법을 통하여 진단 모형을 구축하였다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2016

Paraphilia and paraphilic disorder is one of mental disorders making it difficult to assess and treat. Recently, a number of methods for assessing the paraphilia are being developed gradually outside south Korea. And the reliability and validity of various assessment tools are being reported. The standardization of the assessments and questionnaires was not made yet. For assessment of paraphilia that has been reported from abroad, the author comprehensively organized clinical interview, physical examination, psycho-physiological methods, self-reporting scale of sexual thoughts, fantasies and attitudes and multiple self-reporting scale of sexual interests and described the clinical significance of the assessment tools. The national standardization of both self-reported questionnaire and physical evaluations is expected to be completed later.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.21-44
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was aimed to develop a pharmacovigilance practice training course for future doctors of Korean medicine, the graduate students of a college of Korean medicine, and to verify the educational effect of the curriculum. Methods: Fifty-six students were given a training course designed as follows: 1) pre-class homework (basic theory self-study, online course, causality assessment, and adverse event reporting simulation); 2) in-class: homework submission and case discussion; 3) after-class: homework revision and resubmission. An online survey to assess the change of the level of basic knowledge and attitudes toward pharmacovigilance, the willingness to report adverse events, and self-efficacy for the causality assessment and adverse event reporting was conducted before and after education. Results: The survey participation rate was 96.5% in pre-education and 64.3% in the post-education survey. After education, knowledge level was improved (mean score from 4.3±2.11 to 6.7±1.96 points, modal value from 3 to 8 points) and positive changes were observed in almost all questions on attitudes. In the post-education survey, more students felt that they could do causality assessment (from 13% to 80.5%), could report adverse events to the agency in charge (from 7.4% to 96.2%), and expressed their strong willingness to report adverse events in the future (from 77.8% to 88.9%) than in the pre-education survey. Conclusions: More schools of Korean medicine need to adopt pharmacovigilance training courses in their curriculum to foster future doctors of Korean medicine with pharmacovigilance capabilities. Such efforts will be the basis for achieving an evidence-based, safe use of herbal medicine.