• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2015

Purpose - The objective of this study is to verify whether there are differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in the importance of the attributes such as shopping value and loyalty in social commerce. With the purpose of finding out these differences, the following questions are set up as research questions. First, will there be a difference between Korea and China in the importance of attributes of social commerce? Second, will there be a difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value? Third, will there be a difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in their loyalty? Research design, data, and methodology - The researchers collected data through self-administered questionnaires from Korean and Chinese consumers who had used social commerce within the past six months before answering the questionnaire. First, for social commerce users in Korea, comprising male and female university students in Chungcheong, a questionnaire was circulated. For social commerce users in China, university students within Beijing were surveyed. Responses to 336 questionnaires were used, excluding those with no answers or unreliable answers. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used. First, exploratory factor analysis is done to verify the validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient is used to verify credibility. For factor analysis, the Varimax method is used. To verify the internal consistency reliability of each factor, the Cronbach's α coefficient is used to verify the credibility. Second, a T-test is done to verify differences between Korean and Chinese consumers for the importance of attributes. Third, ANOVA (Analysis of variance) is done to verify differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value and loyalty. Results - When Korean and Chinese consumers use social commerce, first, the importance of the attributes of social commerce is affected by four factors; playfulness and economic factors are more important to Korean consumers than Chinese consumers. As for informativeness factors, including product information and quality, and buyer comments, there was no confirmed difference between Korean and Chinese consumers. The convenience factor is more important to Chinese consumers than Korean consumers. Second, the factors affecting shopping value for Korean and Chinese consumers were hedonic shopping value and rational shopping value. To see the difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value factors, a t-test is conducted. As a result, in the rational shopping value factors of social commerce, Korean consumers scored higher than did Chinese consumers. These results were verified to be meaningful through statistics. In the hedonic shopping value factor of social commerce, Korean consumers scored higher than Chinese consumers. These results showed a significant difference. Third, loyalty in social commerce is higher for Chinese consumers than for Korean consumers. However, there is no difference in loyalty depending on sex. Conclusions - These results will hopefully be valuable and used in the future by Korean companies that wish to enter the Chinese social commerce market.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2016

Purpose - As more consumers pursue high quality products at reasonable prices, Korean retail companies are increasing investment in expanding their outlet stores. Despite the growing importance of the outlet business, there has been very little empirical research on consumers' outlet shopping behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between consumers' perceived product value (performance quality, value for money, and social value) of outlet stores and overall shopping satisfaction and the effect of shopping satisfaction on outlet store loyalty. Research design, data and methodology - The authors developed a structural model in which performance quality, value for money, and social value of products are proposed to affect overall outlet shopping satisfaction, thus increasing customer loyalty. To analyze the research model, data were collected from 88 shoppers at suburban outlets. SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 were utilized to test the hypotheses. The unidimensionality of each construct was supported from the results of the reliability test with Cronbach's α and confirmatory factor analyses. Correlation analysis was performed and the results warranted the nomological validity of the measures. The fit statistics of the overall model analysis demonstrated an acceptable fit(X²(₁₆₁)=171.651, p=.000; X²/df=1.546; GFI=.821, NFI=.879, TLI=.942, CFI=.953, RMR=.035, RMSEA=.079). Results - The findings are as follows. First, consumers' perceived value of product performance quality had a significant positive effect on overall outlet shopping satisfaction. Consumers, who evaluate performance quality of the product more positively, tend to express stronger satisfaction and happiness about outlet shopping experience. Second, consumers' perceived social value of outlet products influenced their overall satisfaction significantly. Consumers who believe that products of outlet stores enhance self-concepts are more likely to satisfy with outlet shopping experience. However, consumers' perception of outlet products on value for money was not found to significantly influence overall shopping satisfaction. Finally, overall shopping satisfaction had a significant and positive influence on loyalty. Conclusions - While outlet retailers have traditionally focused on promoting competitively priced merchandise, the results of this study suggest that customers' overall satisfaction with outlet shopping is influenced more by the non-price-related product values. In the context of an outlet shopping environment, performance quality and social value of the products were found to be more critical predictors of customer overall satisfaction. Therefore, it would not be efficient for outlet retailers to highlight economic value of their merchandise. Instead, they need to investigate the performance quality of the products regularly and try to deliver quality guaranteed goods to enhance customer satisfaction. Also, outlet retailers should differentiate their businesses by carrying more unique and prestigious brands and emphasize higher social value and symbolic meanings of their products. As competition among outlet retailers are getting fierce, retail companies need to focus on strengthening customer loyalty with a long-term perspective. With a deeper understanding of the relationship between consumers' perceived product values and shopping satisfaction, outlet retailers will be able to develop customer loyalty strategies effectively and to achieve competitive advantage.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2015

Purpose - The objective of this study is to verify whether there are differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in the importance of the attributes such as shopping value and loyalty in social commerce. With the purpose of finding out these differences, the following questions are set up as research questions. First, will there be a difference between Korea and China in the importance of attributes of social commerce? Second, will there be a difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value? Third, will there be a difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in their loyalty? Research design, data, and methodology - The researchers collected data through self-administered questionnaires from Korean and Chinese consumers who had used social commerce within the past six months before answering the questionnaire. First, for social commerce users in Korea, comprising male and female university students in Chungcheong, a questionnaire was circulated. For social commerce users in China, university students within Beijing were surveyed. Responses to 336 questionnaires were used, excluding those with no answers or unreliable answers. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used. First, exploratory factor analysis is done to verify the validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient is used to verify credibility. For factor analysis, the Varimax method is used. To verify the internal consistency reliability of each factor, the Cronbach's α coefficient is used to verify the credibility. Second, a T-test is done to verify differences between Korean and Chinese consumers for the importance of attributes. Third, ANOVA (Analysis of variance) is done to verify differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value and loyalty. Results - When Korean and Chinese consumers use social commerce, first, the importance of the attributes of social commerce is affected by four factors; playfulness and economic factors are more important to Korean consumers than Chinese consumers. As for informativeness factors, including product information and quality, and buyer comments, there was no confirmed difference between Korean and Chinese consumers. The convenience factor is more important to Chinese consumers than Korean consumers. Second, the factors affecting shopping value for Korean and Chinese consumers were hedonic shopping value and rational shopping value. To see the difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value factors, a t-test is conducted. As a result, in the rational shopping value factors of social commerce, Korean consumers scored higher than did Chinese consumers. These results were verified to be meaningful through statistics. In the hedonic shopping value factor of social commerce, Korean consumers scored higher than Chinese consumers. These results showed a significant difference. Third, loyalty in social commerce is higher for Chinese consumers than for Korean consumers. However, there is no difference in loyalty depending on sex. Conclusion - These results will hopefully be valuable and used in the future by Korean companies that wish to enter the Chinese social commerce market.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

Purpose - This study plans to adopt a more sophisticated approach toward service recognition by customers in general supermarkets in order to revise the service quality measurement methods that suit the context of Korean distribution channels. In particular, in general supermarkets, where much of the shopping process is in the form of self-service, there is high reliance on the service recognized by the consumers; therefore, it is highly likely that consumers would make their purchasing decisions based on their recognition of service quality or guarantees. It also utilized service quality elements of a basic level in the KD-SQS development model in order to indicate that the quality recognized by consumers impacts their loyalty to the stores with financial value and abstract value. Research design, data, and methodology - The study suggested a theoretical model comprising 13 hypotheses on relations between theoretic variables, and conducted surveys with consumers using discount stores in Seoul and Gyunggi Metropolitan area in order to verify the hypotheses, while using SPSS 20.0, AMOS 21.0 as the verification program. The survey sheets used amounted to 332, and a structural equation model was used to analyze the reliability and validity of constituent elements and to verify the suggested hypothesis. Therefore, this study analyzes the interrelations between service quality and guarantee factors in the distribution channel and their relations with the loyalty to stores as a dependent variable. Results - First, the results of the hypotheses tests helped identify the relations between service quality, service guarantees, service value, and customer loyalty, providing an opportunity to define the relations between constituent elements. In particular, service convenience in service quality has no impact on financial values. Further, stores' service policy had no impact on abstract values. Service recognition by service convenience has an impact on abstract values such as good image, comfort, and usability, while mileage systems promote financial values for consumers. In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Conclusion - In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Further, as service guarantee systems have a significant and direct impact on customer loyalty, rather than customer value recognition, service guarantees should be used to encourage customers to re-visit the stores. Finally, this study applied the findings of preceding studies in terms of service quality measurement; it had limitations in referencing preceding studies in a comprehensive manner. It also had limits in expanding upon various preceding studies because it was difficult to apply new measurement tools due to the lack of service quality measurement tools for general supermarkets. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more studies on service quality to measure service quality and develop measurement tools by incorporating various industry characteristics.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2014

Purpose - This study was based on a theoretical consideration of the structural relationship between the support and control of the franchisor and the satisfaction and strategic response (voice, loyalty, exit, neglect) of the franchisee. First, based on the preceding research, this study systematically organized the type of support and control of the franchisor. Second, the study examined the effects of a franchisor's support and control on the expectancy disconfirmation between affiliated franchisees' expectations before a franchise agreement and performance after operating an affiliated store. Third, the study looked into the effects of expectancy disconfirmation relating to a franchisor's support and control on an affiliated franchisees' general satisfaction. Fourth, this study examined the influence of the general satisfaction of a franchisee on affiliated franchisees' response strategies. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, the population comprised the nation's franchisors, and the sample comprised franchisees conducting business in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. A self-administered questionnaire was used; the author and examiner explained the study's parameters to the interviewees in advance, to lessen the rate of rejection of the answers and to maintain reliability. The author distributed 350 copies of the questionnaire and collected 327 copies (93.4%). The author removed 54 copies of the sample, as these copies belonged to franchisees that were not registered by the Fair Trade Commission and/or were thought to have either defects or inadequate answers. The author selected an effective sample of 273 copies to enter data and to do the statistical analysis. Results - Both a reliability analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were performed to measure reliability and validity, and a structural equation model was used to conduct the hypothesis test and investigate the models. The hypothesis was tested (Table 5). The models had a suitable fit, for instance, χ² = 447.663(df = 212, p = .000), χ²/df = 2.112, GFI = .881, AGFI = .858, RMR = .083, RMSEA = .067, NFI = .932, and CFI = .961. The hypothesis test results were as follows. Hypothesis 1 was accepted (C.R. = -2.339, p = .019). Hypothesis 2 was accepted (C.R. = 15.213, p = .000). Hypothesis 3 was accepted (C.R. = -2.631, p = .006). Hypothesis 4 was accepted (C.R. = 16.271, p = .000). Hypothesis 5 was accepted (C.R. = 2.391, p = .017). Hypothesis 6 was accepted (C.R. = 5.777, p = .000). Hypothesis 7 was accepted (C.R. = 17.153, p = .000). Hypothesis 8 was accepted (C.R. = 24.746, p = .000). Hypothesis 9 was accepted (C.R. = -10.150, p = .000). Hypothesis 10 was accepted (C.R. = -12.124, p = .000). Conclusions - The research results showed that expectations for a franchisor's support and control had a significant influence on expectation disconfirmation in a negative way, whereas the performance of support and control were found to have a significant influence on expectation disconfirmation in a positive way. In addition, the expectation disconfirmation of support and control was found to have a significant influence on satisfaction of franchisees in a positive way. Generally, regarding the research on control, control is found to have a negative influence on the satisfaction of franchisees, but this study proves that control is found to affect it in a positive way through conformity.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.195-213
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 바느질실습 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하여 중학생의 창의적 문제해결력 및 협업 능력에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구 대상은 중학교 1학년 학생들이고, 연구 설계는 사전-사후 통제 집단 설계를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 창의적 문제해결력의 하위 요소인 확산적 사고력과 설득력에서 실험 집단의 학생이 통제 집단의 학생에 비해 사후검사 점수가 유의하게 높게 향상을 보여, 이 연구에서 개발한 프로그램이 부분적이나마 중학생의 창의적 문제해결력 함양에 미치는 효과를 입증하였다. 질적 분석 결과, 창의적 문제해결력은 '다양한 아이디어 생성', '창의적 아이디어의 재탄생', '자기주도적 학습', '능동적인 문제 해결', '즉각적인 피드백'의 학습 경험과 연관이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 실험 집단의 학생이 통제 집단의 학생에 비해 협업 능력에서 사후검사 점수가 유의하게 높게 나타나 이 연구에서 개발한 프로그램이 중학생의 협업 능력 함양에 미치는 효과를 입증하였다. 질적 분석 결과 협업 능력은 '긍정적인 모둠 분위기 형성', '모둠원과의 지속적인 상호작용', '함께 활동하기'의 학습 경험과 연관이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 이 연구에서 개발한 프로그램이 연구의 목적을 달성하는 데 적합함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 학생 중심의 바느질실습 수업을 설계하여 수업의 효과를 양적 분석방법과 질적 분석방법을 혼합하여 심층적으로 살펴보았다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 철학연구
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• 제137권
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• pp.439-462
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• 2016

주지하듯이 공자(孔子)는 인문주의 이념을 정립하고, 이를 실현하기 위하여 천하를 주유하였고, 그리고 만년에 고향으로 돌아와 육경(六經)을 산정(刪定)하면서 제자들을 훈육하였다고 전해진다. 그런데 "논어"에 의거하여 살펴본다면, 공자는 주로 "시(詩)" "서(書)"의 문장으로 교양을 쌓고, 례(禮)에서 자립하고, 락(樂)에서 도덕적 완성을 기하도록 제자들을 이끌었다. 그런데 그 가운데에서도 그는 특히 "시(詩)"에 가장 많은 비중을 두면서 논찬(論纂)과 교육에 힘을 기울였다. 이 글은 공자가 가장 많은 비중을 두고 제자들을 가르친 책은 "시(詩)"라는 점에 주의하면서, "시경"이란 어떤 책이며, 공자가 "시(詩)"의 형성에 어떤 공헌을 했으며, 공자의 시론(詩論)은 어떠하였는지를 해명하고자 하였다. 이러한 해명을 위해서 2장에서는 기존의 연구들을 바탕으로 중국 고전에 입각한 시(詩)에 대한 정의(定義), "시경(詩經)"의 성격 구성 형성 및 공자의 시산정설(詩刪定說)에 대한 비정(批正)을 시도하였다. 여기서 필자는 우선 사마천의 공자(孔子) 시산정설(詩刪定說)이 왜 근거가 박약한지를 살펴보고, 공자는 3,000여 편의 시(詩)를 손수 산정하여 300여 편으로 정리한 것이 아니라, 단지 시(詩)에 곡을 붙이면서(악정(樂正)) 다양한 판본들을 참고하면서 '손상되어 어질러지고 빠지거나 순서가 뒤바뀐 것'을 교정하는 역할을 하였다고 주장하였다. 3장에서는 "논어"에 나타난 시(詩)에 대한 공자의 언명을 분석하면서, 공자의 시론(詩論)을 설명하였다. 여기서는 우선 공자가 말한 학시칠법(學詩七法)(흥(興) 관(觀) 군(?) 원(怨) 이지사부(邇之事父)-원지사군(遠之事君) 다식어조수초목지명(多識於鳥獸草木之名):17:9)을 상세히 논구하였다. 그런 다음 공자가 말한 시교(詩敎)의 종지(宗旨)인 "시 삼백 편을 한마디 말로 포괄하면, 생각에 사특함이 없는 것이다."는 말에 대한 면밀한 분석과 해석을 시도하였다.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.181-211
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• 2009

본 연구는 사회인지직업이론 (Social Cognitive Career Theory)을 근거로, 동양계 미국인의 문화적응도 (levels of acculturation)와 이민 세대 (family immigration status)에 따라 주변인들의 불인정 (disapproval by significant others)으로 인한 진로선택의 어려움과 부모의 진로에 대한 관여도 (parental involvement)가 달라진다는 가설을 검증하였다. 사회조사연구로 설계되었으며 370명의 동양계 미국사회복지사의 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 이민세대에 따라 진로선택에 관련하여 부모의 관여도와 주변인들의 불인정으로 인한 진로어려움이 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 문화적응도는 부모의 진로 관여도와 주변인들의 불인정으로 인한 진로선택의 어려움에 유의미하게 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 진로선택행동에 영향을 미치는 문화적 요인들을 고려한, 동양계 미국인들을 위한 진로상담에 대한 함의가 논의되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.433-445
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• 2019

본 연구는 스웨덴 비트라 텔레폰플랜 학교(Vittra Telefonplan school)의 학교 공간 구성과 학생 맞춤형 수업 운영 사례 분석을 통하여 우리나라 학교 공간 혁신 방안은 무엇인지 찾아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 문헌분석, 문서분석, 영상분석 등의 방법으로 선행연구 탐색, 비트라 학교 공간과 학생 맞춤형 수업을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 오픈스페이스에서 학생 개인별 필요와 성장에 필요한 수업을 운영하고 있었다. 둘째, 오픈스페이스 형태의 학교 공간은 학생 삶의 공간으로서 역할을 다하고 있었다. 셋째, 교사는 학생들의 적극적 안내자와 조력자로서의 역할을 수행하고 있었으며, 넷째, 학생 개별 학습 관리는 IT 기반 학습 플랫폼을 활용하면서 코딩 수업을 활발하게 진행하였다. 다섯째, 학생 주도적 학습으로 자신의 학습에 자율성과 책임감을 갖도록 하고 있었다. 비트라 학교가 우리나라 교육과정 운영 및 학교 공간 구성에 많은 시사점을 주고 있다. 신설학교를 설계할 때에는 가급적 작은 규모의 학교를 설계하며, 학급이 아닌 학년 단위로 오픈된 공간을 구성하고 교육과정도 학년 중심으로 운영하는 것이 좋다. 기존 학교를 재구조화할 경우 여유 교실이 있는 학교를 대상으로 규격화된 교실을 개조하여 가변형으로 크고 작은 학습 공간을 만들고 학년 단위의 프로젝트 중심 수업을 실천할 것을 제안한다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.733-736
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• 2009

전력선 통신은 별도의 통신선로가 필요 없어 저렴한 설치비용과 설치가 용이하고 접근이 간편해 다양한 응용시장 하부 네트워크가 가능하나 제한된 전송 데이터와 통신 장애 요소인 높은 부하 간섭과 잡음 문제가 있으며 무선 센서 네트워크는 기반 시설이 불필요하고 센서 노드들 간의 자체적 네트워크 구축이 가능하여 짧은 시간에 구현이 가능하나 QoS의 향상을 위한 능동적 센싱과 불필요한 정보전송으로 인한 전력소모의 증가로 인해 센서 노드의 수명 단축 문제로 저전력 설계와 개선된 프로토콜의 필요성이 언급되고 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전력선 통신과 무선 센서 네트워크의 문제를 상호 보완하고 장점은 더하여 연동 통합제어 시스템을 구축함으로써 두 기술의 시너지 효과를 이용해 보다 제약이 없고 원활한 네트워크 환경구축을 위해 개선된 제어 네트워크를 구조적으로 접근해보려 한다. 하니웰 사의 하이브리드 센서 네트워크를 비교 분석하고 네트워크 티밍(Teaming)을 제안하며 제안된 전력선 통신과 무선 센서 네트워크의 연동 통합제어 시스템(Linkage Intergration Control System)의 성능 향상의 정도를 시물레이션을 통해 새롭게 제안한 방식의 네트워크 및 개선안이 기존의 네트워크보다 서비스 지연이 줄어들고 성능 향상이 있었음을 확인하려 한다.